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Reviews the book `Uranus,` edited by Jay T. Bergstralh, Ellis D. Miner, and Mildred Shapley Matthews.

Alpha-Synuclein (α-Syn) is one of the most important molecules involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and related disorders, synucleinopathies, but also in several other neurodegenerative disorders with a more elusive role. This review analyzes the activities of α-Syn, in different conformational states, monomeric, oligomeric and fibrils, in relation to neuronal dysfunction. The neuronal damage induced by α-Syn in various conformers will be analyzed in relation to its capacity to spread the intracellular aggregation seeds with a prion-like mechanism. In view of the prominent role of inflammation in virtually all neurodegenerative disorders, the activity of α-Syn will also be illustrated considering its influence on glial reactivity. We and others have described the interaction between general inflammation and cerebral dysfunctional activity of α-Syn. Differences in microglia and astrocyte activation have also been observed when in vivo the presence of α-Syn oligomers has been combined with a lasting peripheral inflammatory effect. The reactivity of microglia was amplified, while astrocytes were damaged by the double stimulus, opening new perspectives for the control of inflammation in synucleinopathies. Starting from our studies in experimental models, we extended the perspective to find useful pointers to orient future research and potential therapeutic strategies in neurodegenerative disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fatty acids have received growing interest in Leishmania biology with the characterization of the enzymes allowing the complete fatty acid synthesis of this trypanosomatid parasite. This review presents a comparative analysis of the fatty acid profiles of the major classes of lipids and phospholipids in different species of Leishmania with cutaneous or visceral tropism. Specificities relating to the parasite forms, resistance to antileishmanial drugs, and host/parasite interactions are described as well as comparisons with other trypanosomatids. Emphasis is placed on polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolic and functional specificities, in particular, their conversion into oxygenated metabolites that are inflammatory mediators able to modulate metacyclogenesis and parasite infectivity. The impact of lipid status on the development of leishmaniasis and the potential of fatty acids as therapeutic targets or candidates for nutritional interventions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In eukaryotes, mitochondrial RNAs (mt-tRNAs and mt-rRNAs) are subject to specific nucleotide modifications, which are critical for distinct functions linked to the synthesis of mitochondrial proteins encoded by mitochondrial genes, and thus for oxidative phosphorylation. In recent years, mutations in genes encoding for mt-RNAs modifying enzymes have been identified as being causative of primary mitochondrial diseases, which have been called modopathies. These latter pathologies can be caused by mutations in genes involved in the modification either of tRNAs or of rRNAs, resulting in the absence of/decrease in a specific nucleotide modification and thus on the impairment of the efficiency or the accuracy of the mitochondrial protein synthesis. Most of these mutations are sporadic or private, thus it is fundamental that their pathogenicity is confirmed through the use of a model system. This review will focus on the activity of genes that, when mutated, are associated with modopathies, on the molecular mechanisms through which the enzymes introduce the nucleotide modifications, on the pathological phenotypes associated with mutations in these genes and on the contribution of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to confirming the pathogenicity of novel mutations and, in some cases, for defining the molecular defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent liver disease, affecting up to 70% of patients with diabetes. Currently, there are no specific drugs available for its treatment. Beyond their anti-hyperglycemic effect and the surprising role of cardio- and nephroprotection, GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have shown a significant impact on body weight and clinical, biochemical and histological markers of fatty liver and fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. Therefore, GLP-1 RAs could be a weapon for the treatment of both diabetes mellitus and NAFLD. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence currently available on the role of GLP-1 RAs in the treatment of NAFLD and to hypothesize potential future scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper primarily aims to focus on a review of convolutional neural network (CNN)-based eye control systems. The performance of CNNs in big data has led to the development of eye control systems. Therefore, a review of eye control systems based on CNNs is helpful for future research. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper, first, it covers the fundamentals of the eye control system as well as the fundamentals of CNNs. Second, the standard CNN model and the target detection model are summarized. The eye control system's CNN gaze estimation approach and model are next described and summarized. Finally, the progress of the gaze estimation of the eye control system is discussed and anticipated. Findings: The eye control system accomplishes the control effect using gaze estimation technology, which focuses on the features and information of the eyeball, eye movement and gaze, among other things. The traditional eye control system adopts pupil monitoring, pupil positioning, Hough algorithm and other methods. This study will focus on a CNN-based eye control system. First of all, the authors present the CNN model, which is effective in image identification, target detection and tracking. Furthermore, the CNN-based eye control system is separated into three categories: semantic information, monocular/binocular and full-face. Finally, three challenges linked to the development of an eye control system based on a CNN are discussed, along with possible solutions. Originality/value: This research can provide theoretical and engineering basis for the eye control system platform. In addition, it also summarizes the ideas of predecessors to support the development of future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious public health concern as it is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide due to social and economic developments that have led to unhealthy lifestyles, with a considerable impact both in terms of morbidity and mortality. The management of T2DM, before starting specific therapies, includes cornerstones such as healthy eating, regular exercise and weight loss. Strict adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been related to an inverse association with the risk of T2DM onset, as well as an improvement in glycaemic control; in particular, thanks to the consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). Agonists of gut-derived glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), gastrointestinal hormones able to increase insulin secretion in response to hyperglycaemia (incretins), have been recently introduced in T2DM therapy, quickly entering the international guidelines. Recent studies have linked the action of EVOO in reducing postprandial glycaemia to the increase in GLP-1 and the reduction of its inactivating protease, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). In this review, we explore observations regarding the pathophysiological basis of the existence of an enhanced effect between the action of EVOO and incretins and, consequently, try to understand whether there is a rationale for their use in combination for T2DM therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, information and communication technology (ICT) allows health institutions to reach disadvantaged groups in rural areas using sensing and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Applications of these technologies are even more essential for maternal and infant health, since maternal and infant health is vital for a healthy society. Over the last few years, researchers have delved into sensing and artificially intelligent healthcare systems for maternal and infant health. Sensors are exploited to gauge health parameters, and machine learning techniques are investigated to predict the health conditions of patients to assist medical practitioners. Since these healthcare systems deal with large amounts of data, significant development is also noted in the computing platforms. The relevant literature reports the potential impact of ICT-enabled systems for improving maternal and infant health. This article reviews wearable sensors and AI algorithms based on existing systems designed to predict the risk factors during and after pregnancy for both mothers and infants. This review covers sensors and AI algorithms used in these systems and analyzes each approach with its features, outcomes, and novel aspects in chronological order. It also includes discussion on datasets used and extends challenges as well as future work directions for researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EUROPE The New Europe : An Introduction to its Political Geography. By Walter Fitzgerald. Demy 8vo. Pp. x+256. 28 sketch‐maps. London : Methuen and Co. Ltd., 1945. Price 14s. Our Woodlands : Their Sacrifice and Renovation. By C. P. Ackers. Foreword by Lord Phillimore. Demy 8vo. Pp.30. London: Torchstream Books, 1945. Price 1s. British Roads. By Geoffrey Boumphrey. Crown 8vo. Pp.184. 12 photographs. 6 maps. Discussion Books, No. 21. Edinburgh and London: Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd., (1939) ‘945‐ Price 3s.6d. Homes, Towns and Countryside : A Practical Plan for Britain. Edited by Gilbert and Elizabeth Glen McAllister. With contributions by Sir Patrick Abercrombie, Sir Daniel Hall, L. Dudley Stamp, Sir Cecil M. Weir, Sir Charles Bressey, E. W. Smith, F. J. Osborn, Leopold Friedman, Ivor Brown, William A. Robson, and the Archbishop of York. Demy 8vo. Pp.xxx+170. Frontispiece. 62 plates. Bibliography. London: B. T. Batsford Ltd., 1945. Price 18s. Rebuilding Britain—A Twenty Tear Plan. By E. D. Simon, M.A., LL.D., M.I. Mech. E., Hon. A.R.I.B.A. Crown 8vo. Pp. 256. 16 photographs. 5 figs. London : Victor Gollancz Ltd., 1945. Price 6s. Small Nations. By Archie Lamont, M.A., Ph.D. 7 1/4×4 3/4 inches. Pp. 160. Glasgow : William Maclellan, 1944. Price 7s. 6d. Wanderings in Lakeland. By William T. Palmer, F.R.G.S., M.B.O.U., F.S.A.Scot. Crown 8vo. Pp. 143. 15 illustrations by John Hardman. London : Skeffington and Son Ltd. [1945]. Price 9s.6d. Coventry : Six Hundred Tears of Municipal Life. By Frederick Smith, B.A., F.G.S. Royal 8vo. Pp. viii+210. 28 illustrations. 3 plans. Coventry: The Corporation of the City of Coventry, and The Coventry Evening Telegraph, 1945. Mountain Holidays. By Janet Adam Smith. 8 1/2×5 1/2 inches. Pp. 194. 35 illustrations. 2 sketch‐maps. London : J. M. Dent and Sons Ltd., 1946. Price 15s. Landsmen and Seafarers. By Maurice Lovell. 9×6 1/2 inches. Pp. 64. 14 isotype charts. 32 photographs. London : George G. Harrap and Co. Ltd., 1945. Price 7s. 6d. ASIA Palestine : Land of Promise. By Walter Clay Lowdermilk. With a Foreword by Sir E. John Russell. Crown 8vo. Pp. 167. 15 illustrations. Map. London : Victor Gollancz Ltd., 1944. Fifth Impression, April 1945. Price 4s. 6d. India. Part I. Physical Basis of Geography of India. By H. L. Chhibber, M.Sc. Ph.D., D.Sc., ‘D.I.C. Demy 8vo. Pp. xix+282. 10 plates. 19 figs. and maps. Benares : Nand Kishore and Bros., 1945. Price Rs. 5 or 9s. Of Sea and Land. I. By Tom Ashley Lakeman. Demy 8vo. 62 photogravures and explanatory text. Interlude in Verse : 10 pp. London: Chapman and Hall Ltd., n.d. Price 12s. 6d. Pioneer Settlement in the Asiatic Tropics : Studies in Land Utilization and Agricultural Colonization in South‐eastern Asia. By Karl J. Pelzer. 10x7 inches. Pp. xviii+ 290. 171 illustrations. 47 statistical tables. Bibliography. New York : American Geographical Society. Special Publication No. 29, 1945. Price $5#lb00. China., By T. L. Liang and Neville Whymant. Crown 8 vo. Pp.192. London: Macdonald and Co. (Publishers) Ltd., 1946. Price 5s. Face to Face with China. By H. B. Rattenbury. Demy 8vo. Pp.144. 45 photographs. 15 isotype charts. London: George G. Harrap and Co. Ltd., 1945. Price 10s. 6d. China : Her Life and Her People. By Mildred Cable and Francesca French. Crown 8vo. Pp. 160. 76 photographs. 4 diagrams. Sketch‐map and end‐paper sketch‐maps.’ London: University of London Press Ltd., 1946. Price 5s. AFRICA Paysans d'Afrique Occidentale. By Henri Labouret. 9×5 1/2 inches. Pp. 307. 16 plates. 11 figs. Paris: Librairie Gallimard, 1941 (6th ed.). Price 65 fr. The Golden Age of West African Civilization. By Dr. R. E. G. Armattoe, F.S.A.Scot. Introduction by Prof. Dr. E. Schroedinger. Crown 4to. Pp. 96. 24 plates. Frontispiece. Londonderry : The Londonderry Sentinel (for The Lomeshie Research Centre for Anthropology and Race Biology), 1946. Price 8s. 6d. Skeleton Coast. By John H. Marsh. With a Foreword by the Rt. Hon. Field‐Marshal J. C. Smuts, P.C., C.H., K.C., D.T.D. 8×5 1/4 inches. Pp. 148. 12 photographs. Map and end‐paper map. London: Hodder and Stoughton Ltd., 1944. Reprinted, 1945. Price 7s. 6d. AMERICA Newfoundland: A Study of Settlement with Maps and Illustrations. By Griffith Taylor, B.E., B.A., D.Sc. 10×6 3/4 inches. Pp.34. 14 figs. 33 photographs. Toronto: Canadian Institute of International Affairs, 1946. Price $1.00. We Live in Alaska. By Constance Helmericks. 8×5 1/2 inches. Pp. 304. 7 woodcuts by Gwenda Morgan. End‐paper map. London: Hodder and Stoughton Ltd., 1945. Price 12s. 6d. Datos etnograficos de Venezuela. By Lisandro Alvarado. 8×5 1/2 inches. Pp. xx+412. Frontispiece. Biblioteca Venezolana de Cultura. Caracas : Escuela Tecnica Industrial, 1945. El Perú en Marcha : Ensayo de Geografía Económica. Demy 8vo. Pp. xxxvi+435. 29 plates. AUSTRALASIA Best Books on Australia and New Zealand: An Annotated Bibliography. By Evans Lewin, M.B.E. 8 1/2×5 1/2 inches. Pp. v+63. Royal Empire Society Bibliographies, No. 13. London : The Royal Empire Society, 1946. Price 4s. GENERAL Adventures by Sea of Edward Coxere. Edited by E. H. W. Meyerstein. Crown 8vo. Pp. xix+123. 4 illustrations. End‐paper maps. Genealogy. Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1945. Price 7s. 6d. Charles Darwin and the Voyage of the ‘ Beagle.’ Edited with an Introduction by Nora Barlow. Demy 8vo. Pp. 379. Frontispiece. 15 plates. Track chart. Map. Glossary. London: Pilot Press Ltd., 1945. Price 15s. Let the Great Story be Told: The Truth about British Expansion. By H. Wood Jarvis. Foreword and Postscript by the Rt. Hon. The Lord Queenborough, G.B.E. Demy 8vo. Pp.xiv+304. London: Sampson Low, Marston and Co. Ltd., n.d. [1946]. Price 18s. It's Your Empire. By Alexander Campbell. Crown 8vo. Pp. 223. London : Victor Gollancz Ltd., 1945. Price 7s. 6d. Best Books on the British Empire : A Bibliographical Guide for Students. By Evans Lewin, M.B.E. 8 1/2×5 1/2 inches. Pp. ii+100. Royal Empire Society Bibliographies, No. 12. London : The Royal Empire Society, 2nd ed., 1945. Price (paper covers) 4/., (boards) A History of Medicine. By Douglas Guthrie, M.D., F.R.C.S.Ed., F.R.S.E. Demy 8vo. Pp. xvi+448. 72 plates. End‐paper sketch‐maps. Edinburgh and London : Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd., 1945. Price 30s. The Tourist Movement: An Economic Study. By Sir F. W. Ogilvie, M.A., LL.D. 8 1/2×5 1/2 inches. Pp. xv+228. Graphs. London : Staples Press Ltd., n.d. Price 14s. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article reviews the book "Museum Movement Techniques: How to Craft a Moving Museum Experience," by Shelley Kruger Weisberg.

The article reviews the book "Pilates for Rehab," by Elizabeth Smith and Kristin Smith.

The article reviews the book "Connected Marketing," edited by Justin Kirby and Paul Marsden.