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Stian Kjeksrud's book, "Using Force to Protect Civilians," delves into the effectiveness of United Nations peace operations in Africa in safeguarding civilians. Through a mixed-methods analysis of 200 military protection operations across ten UN missions in Africa from 1999 to 2017, Kjeksrud highlights the importance of matching the type of force used by peacekeepers with the threats faced by civilians. The study reveals that successful protection outcomes increase by 56 percent when the force employed aligns with the threat. Additionally, Kjeksrud's research emphasizes the significance of pre-emption and matching in predicting the success of protection operations, shedding light on the complexities and challenges faced by peacekeepers in safeguarding civilians. [Extracted from the article]

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