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The article reviews several books including "Ethnicity and Violence: The Case of Radical Basque Nationalism," by Diego Muro, "European Anti-Discrimination and the Politics of Citizenship. Britain and France," edited by Christophe Bertossi, and "Employment Regimes and the Quality of Work," edited by Duncan Gallie.

This paper systematically analyzes and synthesizes the literature on the determinants and consequences of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure. The study is unique in that it synthesizes based on the geographical setting of the original research. We analyzed 135 empirical studies published in Chartered Association of Business Schools (ABS) ranked journals from 1982 to 2020. The results reveal that various global, country‐specific, market‐specific, and firm‐specific factors are important in determining a firm's CSR disclosure policies. These factors are consistently relevant in both developed and developing economies. Furthermore, the synthesis shows that companies achieve various CSR disclosure‐related benefits in the form of a better reputation, enhanced financial performance, better access to external finances, better stakeholder management, and enhanced corporate accountability. In terms of theories, we observe a high heterogeneity among various studies examining the same empirical phenomenon. Based on the analysis and review results, we identify avenues for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reviews several books about the Italian wars. "The Lost Legions. Three Italian War Novels," by Renzo Biasion, Mario Tobino and Mario Rigoni Stern, translated by Archibald Colquhoun and Antonia Cowan; "The Outlaws," by Luigi Meneghello, translated by Raleigh Trevelyan.

Purpose: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is viewed as a differentiating strategy that wins over stakeholders' confidence. Due to the potential strategic and positive effects on businesses, the study of CSR and its relationship to competitiveness has gained relevance. While studies have examined the impact of CSR activities on firm competitiveness, the findings so far remain contradictory. Further research on the underlying processes/mechanisms that explain how CSR contributes to competitiveness remains scarce. Accordingly, this study aims to look into the link between CSR and competitiveness with a focus on Asian business and management studies. Design/methodology/approach: By using a bibliometric approach, this paper aims to provide a review of the state-of-the-art research on the linkage between CSR and competitiveness in Asian context. The sample for this research included all 538 studies from the period of 2001–2023 in the Scopus database. A bibliometric study included both co-occurrence and co-citation analysis. Findings: The study's findings made significant contributions by identifying seven distinct clusters of co-occurrences. Using co-citation, three journals-based co-citation clusters and another three authors-based co-citation clusters are identified. The findings show how processes/mechanisms such as – accountability, multi-stakeholder dialogue/engagement, resource generation, emphasizing sustainable development goals and emerging markets, redefining strategy, cultivating value/vision and CSR leadership – are increasing in importance. Practical implications: Overall, the authors argue that CSR-led competitiveness is indeed one of the key drivers for improved sustainability performance of a firm. Originality/value: Based on findings, a conceptual framework has been proposed highlighting different processes and mechanisms that influence the CSR-led competitiveness – outcomes relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of emerging sustainability challenges, demarketing has continued to draw the attention of academicians and practitioners globally over the past few years. It is interesting to note that demarketing is as old as marketing itself, yet its application and scope have grown from the past two decades only. Kotler and Levy, (1971) has defined demarketing as "that aspect of marketing which deals with discouraging customers in general or a certain class of customers in particular on a temporary or permanent basis". This systematic literature review attempts to enrich the discussion on demarketing research through a systematic and comprehensive review of 64 articles published between 2000 and 2022. Using TCCM framework, we present relevant theories, research contexts, study characteristics, and methodologies used in demarketing research. Our review (1) Presents a systematic and comprehensive overview of the research in demarketing over the last two decades (2) Examines studies in demarketing within the framework of 'triple bottom line' approach for sustainability (3) Suggests a suitable definition of demarketing considering its exorbitant application within the sustainability context (4) Identify gaps and sets agenda for future research. Our systematic literature review found that research in demarketing has been growing considerably over the past two decades, twice as much in the last decade compared to the previous decade with spill‐over to new sectors. The literature review, through the lens of 'triple bottom line' approach, is able to establish that demarketing can be employed to effectively address the sustainability challenges encountered by policymakers and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the current state of research on sustainability-related manufacturing trade-offs (i.e. giving preference and priority to one dimension over others) that affect suppliers in developed and less developed countries (LDCs). There is growing pressure on suppliers to adopt sustainable practices into their global supply chains. Successfully implementing all three dimensions of the triple bottom line (TBL) imperative can provide organizations with an added capability and potentially result in competitive advantage and a focus on sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the long run. However, designing supply chains for achieving the TBL requires suppliers to recognize and overcome numerous trade-offs. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic literature review comprising 71 papers published between 2004 and 2020 was undertaken using a content analysis approach to identify trade-offs affecting suppliers. Findings: This study firstly identified eight sustainability-related trade-offs affecting suppliers from a TBL perspective in both developed and LDCs, consequently, allowing for a detailed discussion on trade-off factors and conditions unique to both developed and LDCs. Together, these findings enable this study to present initiatives and investment-related decisions for supply chains from a TBL perspective. Originality/value: In spite of the plethora of studies on sustainable supply chains, there is little research on trade-offs, specifically those affecting sustainability of suppliers operating in LDCs. This paper addresses this critical gap and advances the literature on sustainability-related supply chain trade-offs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The understanding of gut microbiota has emerged as a significant frontier in development of strategies to maintain normal human body's homeostasis and preventing the disease development over the last decade. The composition of the gut microbiota influences the clinical benefit of immune checkpoints in patients with advanced cancer, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear. Cancer is among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. So far, there is no universal treatment for cancer and despite significant advances, a lot of improvement on cancer therapy is required. Owing to its role in preserving the host's health and maintaining cellular integrity, the human gut microbiome has recently drawn a lot of interest as a target for cancer treatment. Dietary fiber is fermented by the gut microbiota to generate short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetate, butyrate, and propionate, which are physiologically active metabolites. SCFAs can modulate the pathophysiology of the tumor environment through various critical signaling pathways. In addition, SCFAs can bind to carcinogens and other toxic chemicals, thus facilitating their biotransformation and elimination through different excretory mechanisms. This review discusses the mechanisms of action of short-chain fatty acids in modulating hematopoiesis of various immune system cells and the resultant beneficial anti-cancer effects. It also provides future perspectives on cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secreted phospholipases of type A2 (sPLA2s) are proteins of 14–16 kDa present in mammals in different forms and at different body sites. They are involved in lipid transformation processes, and consequently in various immune, inflammatory, and metabolic processes. sPLA2s are also major components of snake venoms, endowed with various toxic and pharmacological properties. The activity of sPLA2s is not limited to the enzymatic one but, through interaction with different types of molecules, they exert other activities that are still little known and explored, both outside and inside the cells, as they can be endocytosed. The aim of this review is to analyze three features of sPLA2s, yet under-explored, knowledge of which could be crucial to understanding the activity of these proteins. The first feature is their disulphide bridge pattern, which has always been considered immutable and necessary for their stability, but which might instead be modulable. The second characteristic is their ability to undergo various post-translational modifications that would control their interaction with other molecules. The third feature is their ability to participate in active molecular condensates both on the surface and within the cell. Finally, the implications of these features in the design of anti-inflammatory drugs are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an increasing demand of highly sensitive, stable and highly selective gas sensors to detect toxic gases. This is inspired by the need to monitor the concentration of these gases in order to guarantee humans, animals and environmental safety. Metal ferrites (AFe2O3, where A is a metal) based sensors are paramount in this field of sensing. Among the gases detectable using metal ferrites includes carbon monoxide (CO), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), petrol and methane (CH4). This reviews presents various parameters which plays key role in the design of ferrite gas sensors. They include; operating temperatures, dopants, grain size, particle size, selectivity, surface area, concentration of the gas, sensitivity as well as recovery time. In addition, the various methods which are used to synthesize ferrite gas sensors are briefly explained. Key considerations in the designing of excellent ferrite gas sensors such as calcination temperature, working temperature, dopants, and concentration as well as optimization condition among others are outlined. In addition this paper reviews the various metal ferrites such as nickel ferrites and nickel doped ferrites, cobalt and cobalt doped ferrites, zinc and zinc doped ferrites, magnesium and magnesium doped ferrites among others that have been researched as gas sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The necessary shift from the digital revolution (3rd Industrial Revolution) to an innovation-based mix of technologies (4th Industrial Revolution) has forced organizations to re-examine the way they execute business. Millennial generation employees drive this shift. Millennial is the generation that was born between1981 – 2000 and lived in the period of the information technology revolution with exposure to the internet and smartphones. The millennial has become a crucial element for human resources to driveindustry 4.0. The millennial workforce are the children of the Baby Boomers, they comprise a major part of the global workforce and are expected to reach 75% by 2025 due to the retirement of baby boomers. They are a more confident, goal-oriented, innovative, optimistic, tech-savvy, and multitasking workforce. However,they are known for their job-hopping tendency as they have a different attitude towards their career than the previous workforce. According to the past research in the area, 60% of the millennial workforce leave their employer within three years. This means a huge cost to replace and train new employees. Retaining the millennial workforce has emerged as a critical concern for human resource professionals in 4.0 organizations. They need more constructive retention strategies to retain this eminent workforce. The purpose of this study is to determine the key attributes of retention of the millennial workforce and provide suggestions on retention strategies through the review of literature in the area. For this study, 44 research papers were reviewed to collect relevant data. This study revealed that work-life balance, career development opportunities, meaningful work, continuous feedback&recognition, competitive compensation and benefits, work-engagement, and relationship with colleagues and superiors were the key attributes for the retention of the millennial workforce in 4.0 organizations. It implies that organizations need to redesign retention strategies based on the leading key attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]