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The PCSK9 (Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin type 9) enzyme interferes with the metabolism of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Inhibition of PCSK9 results in lower LDL cholesterol levels, which can be achieved by different molecular pathways. Monoclonal antibodies targeting circulating PCSK9 have shown strong and persistent effects on lowering the LDL cholesterol level, while reducing the risk of future cardiovascular events. However, this therapy requires once- or twice-monthly administration in the form of subcutaneous injection. This dosing regimen might impact the therapy adherence in cardiovascular patients who often require multiple drugs with different dosing intervals. Small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) represents a promising therapy approach for patients with elevated LDL cholesterol level despite optimized background statin therapy. Inclisiran is a synthesized siRNA which inhibits PCSK9 synthesis in the liver and provides sustained and durable lowering of LDL cholesterol with twice-yearly application and a good tolerability profile. Herein, we present an overview of the current available data and critical review of the major clinical trials which assessed safety and efficacy of inclisiran in different groups of patients with elevated LDL cholesterol level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease in the airways with a multifactorial origin but with inflammation and oxidative stress as related pathogenic mechanisms. Garlic (Allium sativum) is a nutraceutical with different biological properties due to sulfur-containing natural compounds. Studies have shown that several compounds in garlic may have beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases, including those related to the lungs. Therefore, it is possible to take advantage of the compounds from garlic as nutraceuticals for treating lung diseases. The objective of this article is to review the biological properties of the sulfur compounds present in garlic for the treatment of asthma, as well as the cellular mechanisms involved. Here, we discuss the potential therapeutic effects of garlic compounds in the modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress, as well as its antibiotic and antiviral activities for identifying and testing potential treatment options for asthma management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancers control the establishment of spatiotemporal gene expression patterns throughout development. Over the past decade, the development of new technologies has improved our capacity to link enhancers with their target genes based on their colocalization within the same topological domains. However, the mechanisms that regulate how enhancers specifically activate some genes but not others within a given domain remain unclear. In this Review, we discuss recent insights into the factors controlling enhancer specificity, including the genetic composition of enhancers and promoters, the linear and 3D distance between enhancers and their target genes, and cell-type specific chromatin landscapes. We also discuss how elucidating the molecular principles of enhancer specificity might help us to better understand and predict the pathological consequences of human genetic, epigenetic and structural variants [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Text style transfer is an important task in natural language generation, which aims to control certain attributes in the generated text, such as politeness, emotion, humor, and many others. It has a long history in the field of natural language processing, and recently has re-gained significant attention thanks to the promising performance brought by deep neural models. In this article, we present a systematic survey of the research on neural text style transfer, spanning over 100 representative articles since the first neural text style transfer work in 2017. We discuss the task formulation, existing datasets and subtasks, evaluation, as well as the rich methodologies in the presence of parallel and non-parallel data. We also provide discussions on a variety of important topics regarding the future development of this task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article reviews the second edition of the book "Handbook of Survey Research," by Peter V. Marsden and James D. Wright.

The article reviews the book "Analisi del discorso e contesto sociale," by Giuseppe Mantovani.

The article reviews the book "The Telephone Interviewer's Handbook: How to Conduct Standardized Conversations," by Patricia A. Gwartney.

The article reviews the book "Advances in Telephone Survey Methodology" edited by James M. Lepkowski, Clyde Tucker, J. Michael Brick, Edith D. de Leeuw, Lilli Japec, Paul J. Lavrakas, Michael W. Link and Roberta L. Sangster.

The article reviews the book "International Handbook of Survey Methodology," by Edith D. de Leeuw, Joop J. Hox, and Don A. Dillman.

The article reviews several books including "The Practice of Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice," by Ronet Bachman and Russell Schutt, "Salsa Dancing Into the Social Sciences: Research in an Age of Info-Glut," by Kirstin Luker and "Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences," by Catherine Kohler Riessman.

The article reviews the book "El análisis de segmentación: técnicas y aplicaciones de los árboles de clasificación" by Modesto Escobar Mercado.

The article reviews the books "La Raison populiste" by Ernesto Laclau, translated by Jean-Pierre Ricard, and "Hégémonie et stratégie socialiste. Vers une politique démocratique radicale" by E. Laclau, Chantal Mouffe, with a preface by Etienne Balibar, and translated by Julien Abriel.

Reviews the book "The Unmanageable Consumer: Contemporary Consumption and its Fragmentation," by Yiannis Gabriel and Tim Lang.