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Paul Valéry and Paul Claudel interpreted the influence of Stéphane Mallarmé in distinct ways, constituting two principal poetic currents of early 20th-century French literature. Mallarmé developed his theory of the suggestion of poetic language as an aesthetic expression of his existential and religious crisis in the mid-1860s. This theory resonated with Valéry, for whom so-called pure poetry was a demanding artistic ideal, conceived by borrowing religious terminology but without adherence to specific religious traditions. Claudel, on the other hand, drew upon Catholicism, reflecting a distinct worldview from the other two authors. This relationship between Mallarmé, Valéry, and Claudel is situated in the context of the Third French Republic, a period of secularization that provoked diverse reactions among intellectuals. Understanding these diverse reactions can be aided by Louis Dumont's theory on the transition of European societies from communal holism to individualism, allowing us to address not only issues of poetic artistry or aesthetic vision but also metaphysical and existential concerns related to transcendence and asceticism in a secularized society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Dependency Theory after Fifty Years: The Continuing Relevance of Latin American Critical Thought" by Claudio Katz explores the revival of dependency theory, highlighting the diverse and deep literature now available in English. The book serves as a valuable resource for teaching dependency theory, offering insights into classical dependency theory and engaging with contemporary issues. While the book provides an accessible introduction to dependency theory, it also offers a sophisticated original reading of classical dependency theory, making it a must-have in any dependency theory collection. [Extracted from the article]

"The Architecture of Evolution: The Science of Form in Twentieth-Century Evolutionary Biology" by Marco Tamborini explores the field of morphology and its efforts to establish itself as a legitimate branch of evolutionary biology. The book delves into the criticisms faced by morphology in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, as well as the ways in which morphologists addressed these challenges. Tamborini examines the incorporation of new technologies and the evolution of the conceptual definition of morphology, ultimately offering a comprehensive analysis of the field's development. The book is praised for its fluid and fascinating study of the architecture of evolution. [Extracted from the article]

This article was published open access under a CC BY licence: https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]