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This biography/memoir focuses on the life of a civic-minded New Jersey dentist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The original article published by Cvar and Ryge in 1971 on the US Public Health Service (USPHS) Guidelines is virtually inaccessible to current scientists, despite its remarkable impact on clinical dental research. The original article described all the pilot studies that led to the choices for the final USPHS guidelines. However, many of the important basic ideas expressed in the original article, such as evaluator calibration, have been overlooked in recent years. Challenges for effective clinical testing of restorative procedures and materials that were emphasized by those authors are even more relevant today. Therefore, it is totally appropriate to republish the original article by Cvar and Ryge in this issue of Clinical Oral Investigations. This preface to the republication of the original article provides key background information and references to contributions by the many now-famous clinical investigators who were involved with pilot studies. In addition, the USPHS recommendations are critically reviewed. Clinical evaluation of restorative procedures requires (a) choices of clinically relevant criteria, (b) assessment using simple nominal scales, (c) calibration of evaluators, (d) two independent evaluations, and (e) nonparametric statistic analysis that recognizes the patient (and not the restoration) as the independent variable. Only portions of those procedures are being preserved in current clinical investigations. USPHS criteria continue in use until today as part of routine clinical evaluation and as components of standards programs such as the ADA acceptance program. However, in addition, USPHS-like criteria have been appended over the years to produce “modified USPHS guidelines.” These additional criteria include parameters such as postoperative sensitivity, fracture, interproximal contact, occlusal contact, and others. The combination of the original and modified USPHS criteria now have been accepted worldwide but are not necessarily uniformly applied. They constitute the foundation for current considerations of further development of clinical assessment methods for dental restorative procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reviews the book 'Party Games,' by Hans Hellmut Kirst.

A child's active imagination demystifies a visit to the dentist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reviews of the books "Anatomy of Innocence: Testimonies of the Wrongfully Convicted," edited by Laura Caldwell and Leslie S. Klinger, introduced by Scott Turow and Barry Scheck, "Blind Injustice: A Former Prosecutor Exposes the Psychology and Politics of Wrongful Convictions," by Mark Godsey, and "The Cadaver King and the Country Dentist: A True Story of Injustice in the American South," by Radley Balko and Tucker Carrington, with a foreword by John Grisham, are presented.

Reviews the book 'Illuminations,' by Tamas Aczel.

Reviews the book 'Open Wide--It Won't Hurt,' by Leonard Wilder.

Crocodile has a toothache and goes to see the dentist, but each is afraid of the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Downs' debut novel dramatizes the life of Horace Wells, a mid-19th-century Connecticut dentist on a quest to eliminate pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A journalist and criminal defense lawyer combine their knowledge about wrongful convictions in Mississippi to expose a corrupt system, with a keen focus on a lying medical examiner and a dentist who concocted phony evidence based on bite marks on the bodies of crime victims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A description of the live-patient Botox training course "American Academy of Facial Esthetics (AAFE)," being offered for dentists in the U.S. is presented.

The article reviews the audiobook "McTeague," by Frank Norris.

DesignThis was a cluster randomised controlled trial, in which the unit of randomisation was the school.InterventionThree models of screening were tested against a control. A ‘new’ model of school dental screening incorporated a consensus view, from clinicians in the northwest of England, on a set of clinical criteria that would prompt a referral following a screening examination. A ‘traditional’ model involved the delivery of the existing school dental screening programme according to the principle that a child is referred if, in the opinion of the screening dentist, dental care is required. The third intervention tested was a dental information leaflet, distributed via the schools, which encouraged parents to examine their child's mouth and to take their child to a dentist if any problems were noted. Children a ttending the control schools received no intervention during the study period.Outcome measureThe main outcome measures were prevalence of teeth with active caries and mean number of teeth with active caries in the permanent or primary dentition. Secondary outcome measures were prevalence of oral sepsis, gross plaque or calculus, and dental trauma to incisor teeth.ResultsSeventeen thousand and ninety-eight children in 169 clusters (schools) were eligible for inclusion in the study. One school was withdrawn from the study because of failure to agree to follow the trial protocol. Of the total, 15 004 children were available for baseline examination in 168 schools and 13 570 children received a baseline and outcome examination, representing 80.5% of the eligible population. After adjustment for clustering of children in schools, there was no significant difference in the reduction from baseline in untreated caries between the study groups in either the primary or permanent dentition. Similarly there were no significant differences across the four arms of the study in the secondary outcome measures of prevalence of sepsis, presence of gross plaque or calculus, and trauma to the permanent incisor teeth. In the traditional arms, 42% of children attended a dentist during the study period, with 41% in the new-model arm, 37% in the information-leaflet arm and 38% in the control arm. Although more children in the traditional and new-model arms of the study attended a dental appointment these differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionsSchool dental screening delivered according to three different models was not effective at reducing levels of active caries and increasing dental attendance in the population under study.Evidence-Based Dentistry (2007) 8, 5–6. doi:10.1038/sj.ebd.6400460 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reviews the book "Personal Development Plans for Dentists: The New Approach to Continuing Professional Development," by Amur Rughani, Chris Franklin and Stephen Dixon.