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Bryan Sinche's book, "Published by the Author: Self-publication in Nineteenth-Century African American Literature," sheds light on the little-known practice of self-publishing by African Americans in the 19th century. Sinche's research reveals that self-published works by African Americans covered a wide range of topics beyond slavery, although references to slavery often served as a starting point. The book explores the complexities of African American churches, the role of print media in giving African Americans a voice, and the entrepreneurial skills of authors who sought to sell their publications to both white and Black audiences. Sinche's work is a valuable contribution to African American history and media history, and is recommended for university libraries. [Extracted from the article]

To use an evidence-based approach to evaluate the available research data on the efficacy of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) to improve reproductive performance of dairy cows when added to oestrus synchronisation programmes for the treatment of cows not detected in oestrus. A rapid literature review was conducted to summarise the existing trial data, primarily the effect of eCG on conception rate (CR) to fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) from oestrus synchronisation programmes in lactating dairy cows. Relevant papers were identified via databases and auxiliary search strategies, then information was collected using a standardised data collection form. Similar studies were grouped together to create a descriptive summary of CR to FTAI and secondary outcome measures, with the creation of forest plots to visualise results. A total of 15 studies were identified for review: nine examined the administration of 400–500 IU eCG as part of an oestrus synchronisation programme based on intra-vaginal progesterone-releasing devices, gonadotropin-releasing hormone and prostaglandin (P4-GPG programme). The variable methodologies in the trials evaluated posed difficulties in grouping studies for further analysis and meant that there was insufficient data for a full meta-analysis. A single study reported a statistically significant increase in CR to FTAI from the addition to eCG to a P4-GPG programme in cows with anovulatory anoestrous. Four studies evaluated the addition of eCG to P4-GPG programmes in cows without visible oestrous signs; risk differences for CR to FTAI were between −1.7% and 28.8%, with three out of four studies reporting a positive effect of eCG on CR to FTAI, but all 95% CI values crossed the line of no effect. Two studies reported on the effect of eCG on 42-day pregnancy rate following a P4-GPG programme; one reported a risk difference of −4.9% (95% CI = −10.6–0.8%), while the other reported a risk difference of 7.9% (95% CI = 0.8–15%). The results of published studies describing the effect of eCG in P4-GPG programmes on CR to FTAI are inconsistent and further well-designed, adequately powered studies with standardised outcome measures are required to investigate its effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]