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In recent years, fluctuating global fossil fuel market prices and growing concern about environmental pollution have increased efforts to obtain novel value-added products from renewable agricultural biomass. To this end, a wide variety of triacylglycerols (edible and non-edible oils and fats) and their derivatives (free fatty acids or monoalkyl esters) stand out as promising feedstocks for the production of biolubricant base stocks, due to their biodegradability, excellent physicochemical properties, and sustainable nature. These raw materials can be transformed into biolubricants using chemical or biochemical (lipases) catalysts, with the enzymatic production of biolubricants using lipases as catalysts being recognized as an environmentally friendly approach. The present mini-review highlights recent advances in this field, published in the last three years. The different chemical modification processes used to develop a wide variety of industrial biolubricant base stocks are comprehensively reviewed, with exploration of future prospects for industrial production via the enzymatic route. This study contributes to the current state-of-the-art, identifying relevant research questions and providing important technical information for new applications of lipases in oleochemical manufacturing industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The review deals with the development of lubricants taking into account the requirements associated with the operation of modern electric vehicles and determined by the design features of both the vehicles themselves and their separate units. The scientific and technical literature concerning the development of lubricants for electric vehicles is analyzed. The base oils and functional additives that are used most frequently are indicated, and their advantages and drawbacks are discussed. Problems associated with the further development of basic and applied aspects of the modern lubricating materials science as applied to electric vehicles are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fossil fuels have remained a major global energy source for many decades, and their use has lingered on with downbeat attendants, considering their high demands and environmental issues caused by overexploitation and exploration. The increase in global energy consumption, emerging issues of climate change, and perceived decline in fossil reserves due to the world's increasing population has raised serious concerns and clamor for the replacement of fossil fuel with biological substitutes. Biodiesels have received much attention in all countries due to their renewability, non-toxicity, biodegradability, and low pollution emissions, and are projected as a promising alternative to fossil fuels. Although biodiesel is mainly a derivative of edible/non-edible plant oil extractions, in this review, biodiesel derived from non-vegetable oils e.g. animal fats/waste, leather industry waste, lipids from microalgae, insects, and waste rubber tires were explored as potential biodiesel feedstocks. In addition, waste materials as heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production, environmental and economic impacts were also highlighted. Noteworthily, the transesterification of these non-vegetable oil feedstock to biodiesel in the presence of waste materials as heterogeneous catalysts could afford up to 98% biodiesel production, and the catalyst can be recycled. The inherent ability to compensate for the quantity supply of biodiesel is the aim of every energy-producing nation in order to maximize economic development and minimize pollution in the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The second part of the review presents the results of research on SAPO-11 and SAPO-41 molecular sieves over the last three decades, with particular emphasis on methods to control the acid properties, morphology, and secondary porous characteristics of these molecular sieves, as well as on the catalytic applications of SAPO-11 and SAPO-41 for hydroisomerization of C16+n-paraffins. The paper discusses the current understanding of the acid site formation mechanisms in SAPO-11 and SAPO-41, as well as methods for control over the strength and concentration of the acid sites and the morphology and dispersion of the crystals. Recent advances in the synthesis of SAPO-11 and SAPO-41 with a hierarchical porous structure are described, namely the use of pore-forming templates, crystal growth modifiers, and post-synthetic treatment techniques; the pros and cons of different synthesis methods are analyzed. The report also presents the catalytic properties of bifunctional catalytic systems based on SAPO-11 and SAPO-41, including hierarchical structures, in C16+n-paraffin hydroisomerization. Prospective uses of bifunctional catalytic systems based on SAPO-11 and SAPO-41 for hydroisomerization of base oils are described. Finally, the paper formulates the remaining fundamental problems of SAPO-11 and SAPO-41 synthesis, as well as the prospects for the utilization of these materials as components of high-performance catalysts in the oil refining and petrochemical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State of the art in the field of using biodegradable lubricating materials is considered, and data on recent achievements in their use are summarized. The major factors influencing the progress of studies in this field are associated with the environmental regulations becoming more and more stringent. Along with the use of poly(alkylene glycol) and ester liquids, raw materials of vegetable origin attract considerable interest of researchers developing biodegradable oils; cellulose can be used as a promising thickener for multipurpose lubricants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long acting injectable formulations have been developed to sustain the action of drugs in the body over desired periods of time. These delivery platforms have been utilized for both systemic and local drug delivery applications. This review gives an overview of long acting injectable systems that are currently in clinical use. These products are categorized in three different groups: biodegradable polymeric systems, including microparticles and implants; micro and nanocrystal suspensions and oil-based formulations. Furthermore, the applications of these drug delivery platforms for the management of various chronic diseases are summarized. Finally, this review addresses industrial challenges regarding the development of long acting injectable formulations. Unlabelled Image [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A description of base oils training course that includes information on base oils processing technologies and base oils markets to be held in Hyatt Regency in Jersey, offered by Independent Chemical Information Service (ICIS).