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Chapple and Loukaitou-Sideris use a multifaceted methodology to investigate the relationship between neighborhood change and transit investments that includes both quantitative and qualitative elements. Understanding the Effects of Smarter Growth on Communities: by Karen Chapple and Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris, Cambridge MA, MIT Press, 2019, 368 pp., $40.00 (paperback), ISBN 978 0 26253 685 1 I Transit-Oriented Displacement or Community Dividends i makes an important contribution to the planning literature by interrogating the relationship between transportation investment and neighborhood change - more specifically, gentrification and displacement. [Extracted from the article]

With a slave-holding Southern aristocracy and a strongly puritanical Social Darwinist capitalist class in the North, the United States became a plutocracy with the veneer of democracy in the nineteenth century. (New York, NY: The New Press, 2021), 349 pp. [Extracted from the article]

Some authors acknowledge that microfinance providers are a distinct group from the borrowers, but rare (if any) authors address the impact of cultural factors and the intersection of identities, such as race, class, and gender, on microfinance allocations. Also, through the book, Hossein does not only focus on challenging how microfinance has commercialised, but also how researchers and microfinance providers have neglected different indigenous banking systems. Some critics state that Hossein disregards the political framework where microfinance operates and is regulated as well as the impacts of microfinance in other regions. Award-winner Hossein has been applauded for criticising commercial microfinance and its connections with political system and showing positive examples of informal type of microfinance. [Extracted from the article]

Walsh organizes her analysis around what she terms "taxpayer citizenship", which she argues has been a powerful identity that influenced the design of taxation systems and has served to justify them since. In her investigation of "taxpayer citizen" status, Walsh excavated quotes from primary sources that the reader will want to review twice, if only to grasp the violence that euphemisms such as "taxpayer" barely coated. Taxpayer identity, Walsh demonstrates, was inherently "linked to the racialized entitlements to educational access and resources from the late nineteenth century onward and has helped to entrench a school finance system with differential levels of citizenship and rights" (3). The idea that "taxpayer citizenship" was part of a broader "legal consciousness", institutionalized and normalized in the nineteenth century but powerful beyond it, is as persuasive as it is groundbreaking, and it contributes to our current understanding of discrepancies between actual tax contributions and representations of taxpayers in discourse (85). [Extracted from the article]

The authors recognize the three major forms of childcare subsidies used in the United States: Child Care and Developmental Block Grants, Child Care and Dependent Tax Credit, and an employer-administered dependent care assistance program. It is common knowledge among educators, developmental psychologists, and child developmental scholars alike that early intervention is used to combat long-term disparities, inequities, and social, emotional, and academic disadvantages. They also propose a wage replacement rate of 66.7 percent of their expected work earnings and more "progressive wage replacement" at the lowest levels of earning (p. 155). [Extracted from the article]

It shows that Milton modelled his understanding of English nationhood on a Christian eschatological concept called "the faithful remnant", referring to those members of the True Church who will still be alive at the time of the Last Judgment and who will thus pass into paradise without first having to die. The goal seems to be to learn to see the world from Milton's perspective even on issues where Milton is stupid, crazy, or evil according to present-day standards. For Milton's True-Church English nation excludes many historical figures (and living people) who are English according to any normal definition, except that they were (or are) not the right kind of Protestant for Milton. From the perspective of a person dissatisfied with the sovereign, Hobbes's man-made absolute judgment would probably be just as frightening as the divine judgment Milton found in Protestant piety. [Extracted from the article]

The past few decades have witnessed a notable increase in the engagement of developing countries in international trade, coinciding with rapid economic growth and massive poverty reduction. The findings suggest that trade openness has significantly benefited economic growth and, less significantly, poverty reduction. Yet, there is still much debate on the role of greater trade openness in economic growth and the channels through which trade affects poverty and economic inequality. [Extracted from the article]

In Way's hands, we are in a Guatemala that exuberantly and painfully refuses the concepts and theories used to think about it - thus gestating a new word like "agrotopolis" to describe it. This is a world that has been fundamentally transformed in the past 40 years - as much from the periphery as from the core - and in compelling stories and deep-dive contextualization, Way brings it powerfully alive. Way's decades of deep and wide engagement with Guatemala are amply evident here. [Extracted from the article]

In their conclusion, Hyde and Shand tie together their critiques of the social policy analysis field of inquiry, primarily focusing on the mischaracterization of liberalism. Hyde and Shand conclude with a general endorsement of a universal citizen's pension on account of being the most efficient available mechanism to provide for basic needs for all retirees, especially those closer to a minimum standard of living. Mark Hyde and Rory Shand's book is a remarkably original and interesting admixture of two fields of study that do not often intersect: retirement pension design and political theory. [Extracted from the article]

In studying this social formation from 1918 to 1958, MacMaster demonstrates that the peasants were agents of history; their overall story has been an immanent and organic trajectory emerging from the contradictions set forth by global capitalism. Neil MacMaster's I War in the Mountains i shifts from his previous preoccupations over labour and immigration, seeking instead the mapping of a radical role for the peasantry in the Algerian War of Independence (1954-1962). Perceptive readers will easily locate similar peasant revolts (in Europe and elsewhere) that parallel the slow emergence of capitalism from the enclosures of communal lands. [Extracted from the article]

In it, Dickinson excavates common terms like "care", abandonment", and "exclusion" to argue that not only is poverty unnatural, but it is also engineered and reinforced by public policies that create hierarchies of deservedness that people like Nigel navigate on a regular basis. In Chapter One, we are introduced to the North Brooklyn Pantry where Dickinson conducted fieldwork and Nigel, a regular volunteer and recipient of food at the pantry. Serving as an introductory chapter that sets up the book's main arguments, chapter one provides an overview of growing food insecurity, economic disparities, and the technocratic fixes that have failed the families who rely on food assistance. [Extracted from the article]

The firm's decision includes not only its jobs, but the jobs of other firms in the state that are affected by its decision. Such estimates suggest that for every job created by incented firms another 1.5-3.0 jobs are created by other firms on the state. For every 10 jobs, Bartik states that in the short run 6 jobs are filled by state residents and 4 are filled by in-migrants. [Extracted from the article]

Dr Serena Natile's book, titled I Exclusionary politics of digital financial inclusion: mobile money, gendered walls i , draws on gender as an analytical and methodological tool but also incorporates a socio-legal approach to critique digital financial inclusion. At the end of the book, the author's findings converge with feminist political economy literature which argues that, to achieve gender equity, finance and production have to serve the needs of social reproduction. The result of such overly positive framing is that the ability to simply "pay using mobile money" is presented as a key to access important resources; in other words, "payment" is equated with important developmental outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

Building on this arresting insight, I Ballad of the Bullet i compels us to confront the political and socio-cultural forces that prompt impoverished young people to broadcast hyperbolic representations of gang violence which commodify their experience of social exclusion in the hope that they might make money out of their own poverty. ISBN-13: 978-0-691-19443-1 $27.95 As a drill music aficionado and a criminologist specialising in the policing of Black music subcultures, the publication of Forrest Stuart's new book filled me with excitement. For anyone interested in urban sociology, cultural criminology, social media and contemporary Black music subcultures I Ballad of the Bullet i is a must-read. [Extracted from the article]

In I The Self-Help Myth i , Erica Kohl-Arenas explores how antipoverty programmes consistently fail to alleviate the suffering and oppression of the poor within California's Central Valley, a region which comprises over 13% of the nation's total agricultural output, while also having one of the highest rates of poverty. The Self-Help Myth: How Philanthropy Fails to Alleviate Poverty: by Erica Kohl-Arenas, Oakland, University of California Press, 2016, xix + 252 pp., $29.95, £19.95 (paper) It is here that Kohl-Arenas most clearly shows how the "neoliberal framework is not always presented through conspiratorial agendas but is solidified by reworking movement strategies into programs that claim to guarantee mutual prosperity" while only benefiting capital (35). [Extracted from the article]

The chapter by Julio Linares and Yu-hsuan Su is an example of such research, which shows how poverty research can depart from causal effects and instead, apply a sociological lens to understand the socio-economic behaviour of people in poverty. After decades spent by researchers studying poverty, there has been significant progress in understanding the dimensions and sources of poverty. Dimensions of Poverty Measurement, Epistemic Injustices, Activism: Edited by Valentin Beck, Henning Hahn & Robert Lepenies Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2020, 412 pp., £89.99 (hardback), ISBN-10: 3030317102, ISBN-13: 978-3030317102. [Extracted from the article]

The following chapter examines Breckinridge and Jane Addams's work as peace activists before and after World War I. What will be new to many scholars is that Breckinridge was involved in Pan-American feminism in the 1930s. Much of Breckinridge's time was spent building and managing the SSA, and the biography would have done well to further elaborate upon this work and provide the reader with a more intimate and detailed sense of Breckinridge's daily life. Bookending this substantive material are a number of chapters devoted to Breckinridge's family life and a final chapter on the relationship between Breckinridge and Abbott. [Extracted from the article]

The World Bank forecast for poverty in 2018 is 8.5%, but poverty in sub-Saharan Africa remains at over 40%, and the World Bank is apprehensive that the rate of reduction in poverty may have slowed down. The World Bank had already established a poverty line of US$1.90 consumption per day derived by taking the poverty line of the poorest countries in the world. Atkinson has not questioned the World Bank methodology of arriving at the current poverty line of US$1.90 or its being applied across the world to determine the number living below this poverty line. There are criticisms against the International Poverty Line used by the World Bank in regard to the choice of the countries whose poverty lines have been used to produce it. [Extracted from the article]

The article reviews the book "We Are the Poors: Community Struggles in Post-Apartheid South Africa," by Ashwin Desai.

Reviews the book "Rigoberta Menchu and the Story of All Poor Guatemalans," by David Stoll.

Reviews the book "The Politics of Rich and Poor: Wealth and the American Electorate in the Reagan Aftermath," by Kevin Phillips.

Alessandro Rippa Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020 282 pp, $124.00 ISBN 978-94-6372-560-6 In I Borderland Infrastructures i , Alessandro Rippa examines how the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), touted by the Chinese government as lifting poor areas out of poverty into modernity and "investing in its border regions, fostering cross-border exchanges" (p. 38), in fact erases local cross-border histories, marginalizes and impoverishes minority traders, and in the case of Uyghurs in Xinjiang, incarcerates and effectively "disappears" them. Borderland minorities in all cases have been marginalized, impoverished and held in place as China promotes its development projects and the BRI as linking China and Pakistan as well as China and Burma in grand economic corridors producing unending wealth for all. Rippa defines traders' proximity as "informal' practices [that] are embedded in institutional and infrastructural landscapes that they contribute to re-making and legitimizing through specific encounters with state authorities" (p. 64). [Extracted from the article]