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Background: Psychosis can be a sufficiently traumatic event to lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous research has focussed on the trauma of first episode psychosis (FEP) and the only review to date of PTSD beyond the first episode period was not systematic and is potentially outdated. Methods: We searched electronic databases and reference lists using predetermined inclusion criteria to retrieve studies that reported prevalence rates and associated factors of psychosis-related PTSD across all stages of the course of psychosis. Studies were included if they measured PTSD specifically related to the experience of psychosis. Risk of bias was assessed using an adapted version of the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Results were synthesised narratively. Results: Six papers met inclusion criteria. Prevalence estimates of psychosis-related PTSD varied from 14 to 47%. Studies either assessed first-episode samples or did not specify the number of episodes experienced. Depression was consistently associated with psychosis-related PTSD. Other potential associations included treatment-related factors, psychosis severity, childhood trauma, and individual psychosocial reactions to trauma. Conclusions: Psychosis-related PTSD is a common problem in people with psychosis. There is a lack of published research on this beyond first episode psychosis. Further research is needed on larger, more generalizable samples. Our results tentatively suggest that prevalence rates of psychosis-related PTSD have not reduced over the past decade despite ambitions to provide trauma-informed care. Prospero registration number: CRD42019138750. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper focuses on the issue of Female Genital Circumcision in Alice Walker's Possessing the Secret of Joy. Female Genital circumcision, also known as Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), refers to as the traditional practice / ritual of the partial or total removal of the external genitalia. This procedure has no medical benefits for women and girls and can only cause injury to the Female Genital organ. The main aim behind practicing Female circumcision is to enslave women, control the female sexuality, and prevent her from enjoying sexual pleasure. Alice Walker in her novel Possessing the Secret of Joy portrait a fictional character Tashi, who is the protagonist of the novel, faces endless struggle after circumcision. She developed Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) after circumcision. This novel depicts the pain, suffering, oppression, and psychological trauma that women face after going through this barbaric practice. The present research is justified through the light of Trauma theory. The aim of this paper is to show how this practice denies the victim sexual pleasure, how they are being traumatized in the name of culture, how this practice crippled the woman for whole life, how this practice psychologically and physically damage women. The finding of this paper demonstrates that through awareness we can abolish this practice. This is achieved only through such kind of feminist debates that helps women to put an end to such practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Butcher Boy (1992) is the third novel by Northern Irish author Patrick McCabe. It tells the story of 12-year-old Francie Brady and is set in the small town of Clones, in western County Monaghan, Ireland in the early 1960s. The town was badly hit economically by the partition of Ireland in 1921 because of its location on the border with County Fermanagh in Northern Ireland. The Butcher Boy emphasises the significant influence the instability of the community during the 1960s, a time of rapid change and ethnic and political violence, has on this dysfunctional Brady family. These political and economic circumstances are very relevant for our discussion because the Bradys, as part of this small community, suffer from some post-traumatic consequences derived from these circumstances, which affect their psychological state and identity in very negative terms. This paper focuses on how McCabe recreates Francie's post-traumatic effects of such a difficult childhood and upbringing through formal literary devices characteristic of both trauma fiction and satire rhetoric, and to what effect the Irish writer uses them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zadie Smith's second novel, The Autograph Man (2002), was severely reviewed by several critics who expected another 'multicultural novel' after her first literary success, White Teeth (2000). This paper aims to reflect on the importance of this second novel and to highlight the relevance of trauma in contemporary culture, which negates and is fascinated by this phenomenon. Through an analysis of the main character of the novel, this work reflects on how human beings try to escape the psychological effects of traumatic events, instead of facing the painful feelings they provoke and the changes they produce on the human psyche. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is written from an Israeli point of view, a point of view of dual responsibility resulting from belonging to the state that both caused the Palestinian Nakba and took in and rehabilitated survivors and refugees of the Shoah. This position is marked by Jacques Derrida as the state of the aporia of taking responsibility. Avot Yeshurun's poetry about the Nakba and the Shoah struggles with assuming responsibility as an Israeli for the consequences of both. In his poem "Passover on Caves" especially, Yeshurun develops a discourse of heterogeneous identities enabling the Jewish Israeli to assume both responsibilities by developing "multidirectional memory" of both traumas without constituting one identity at the expense of the supposedly opposed other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective of work: The aim of this study was to determine the most frequent injuries and their relationship with gender, age and aetiology. Materials and Methods: An Epidemiologic Systematic Review was carried out, in the databases PUBMED and Scopus, between 2010-2020. We used Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist to access the Risk of Bias and Grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and the evaluations (GRADE) method was applied to assess the quality of the evidence of the 78 included articles. Results and Conclusions: Out of the 78 articles included, 14 were classified as moderate-risk bias and 58 as low risk. Only 20.5% had a prospective design and the male/female ratio ranged from 0.299 to 11.83. The majority of the studies described fractures (67) and only 26 reported dental injuries. The studies were distributed into five regions of countries: Asia, Africa, Latin America, Europe and Muslin regions. The results showed that road traffic accidents (55.37%) were the most frequent type of trauma, followed by assault (17.56%) and falls (10.21%). Fractures were the most prevalent injuries (84.3%). It was possible to establish an association between road traffic accidents and Asian countries. Assaults were more frequent in Africa, predominantly males, whilst falls increased with age, amongst women, in European countries. Fractures were usually observed in Muslin regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delayed healing of traumatic wounds often stems from a dysregulated immune response initiated or exacerbated by existing comorbidities, multiple tissue injury or wound contamination. Over decades, approaches towards alleviating wound inflammation have been centered on interventions capable of a collective dampening of various inflammatory factors and/or cells. However, a progressive understanding of immune physiology has rendered deeper knowledge on the dynamic interplay of secreted factors and effector cells following an acute injury. There is a wide body of literature, both in vitro and in vivo, abstracted on the immunomodulatory approaches to control inflammation. Recently, targeted modulation of the immune response via biotechnological approaches and biomaterials has gained attention as a means to restore the pro-healing phenotype and promote tissue regeneration. In order to fully realize the potential of these approaches in traumatic wounds, a critical and nuanced understanding of the relationships between immune dysregulation and healing outcomes is needed. This review provides an insight on paradigm shift towards interventional approaches to control exacerbated immune response following a traumatic injury from an agonistic to a targeted path. We address such a need by (1) providing a targeted discussion of the wound healing processes to assist in the identification of novel therapeutic targets and (2) highlighting emerging technologies and interventions that utilize an immunoengineering-based approach. In addition, we have underscored the importance of immune engineering as an emerging tool to provide precision medicine as an option to modulate acute immune response following a traumatic injury. Finally, an overview is provided on how an intervention can follow through a successful clinical application and regulatory pathway following laboratory and animal model evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]