Search

Showing total 24 results
Start Over Search Limiters Available in Library Collection Topic physical sciences Publication Type Reviews
24 results

2. GOST: A generic ordinal sequential trial design for a treatment trial in an emerging pandemic.

Author

Whitehead, John and Horby, Peter

Subjects
*MEDICAL software, *COMMUNICABLE disease treatment, *PANDEMICS
Abstract

Background: Conducting clinical trials to assess experimental treatments for potentially pandemic infectious diseases is challenging. Since many outbreaks of infectious diseases last only six to eight weeks, there is a need for trial designs that can be implemented rapidly in the face of uncertainty. Outbreaks are sudden and unpredictable and so it is essential that as much planning as possible takes place in advance. Statistical aspects of such trial designs should be evaluated and discussed in readiness for implementation. Methodology/Principal findings: This paper proposes a generic ordinal sequential trial design (GOST) for a randomised clinical trial comparing an experimental treatment for an emerging infectious disease with standard care. The design is intended as an off-the-shelf, ready-to-use robust and flexible option. The primary endpoint is a categorisation of patient outcome according to an ordinal scale. A sequential approach is adopted, stopping as soon as it is clear that the experimental treatment has an advantage or that sufficient advantage is unlikely to be detected. The properties of the design are evaluated using large-sample theory and verified for moderate sized samples using simulation. The trial is powered to detect a generic clinically relevant difference: namely an odds ratio of 2 for better rather than worse outcomes. Total sample sizes (across both treatments) of between 150 and 300 patients prove to be adequate in many cases, but the precise value depends on both the magnitude of the treatment advantage and the nature of the ordinal scale. An advantage of the approach is that any erroneous assumptions made at the design stage about the proportion of patients falling into each outcome category have little effect on the error probabilities of the study, although they can lead to inaccurate forecasts of sample size. Conclusions/Significance: It is important and feasible to pre-determine many of the statistical aspects of an efficient trial design in advance of a disease outbreak. The design can then be tailored to the specific disease under study once its nature is better understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. GDTN: Genome-Based Delay Tolerant Network Formation in Heterogeneous 5G Using Inter-UA Collaboration.

Author

You, Ilsun, Sharma, Vishal, Atiquzzaman, Mohammed, and Choo, Kim-Kwang Raymond

Subjects
*GENETIC software, *DELAY-tolerant networks, *GENE mapping
Abstract

With a more Internet-savvy and sophisticated user base, there are more demands for interactive applications and services. However, it is a challenge for existing radio access networks (e.g. 3G and 4G) to cope with the increasingly demanding requirements such as higher data rates and wider coverage area. One potential solution is the inter-collaborative deployment of multiple radio devices in a 5G setting designed to meet exacting user demands, and facilitate the high data rate requirements in the underlying networks. These heterogeneous 5G networks can readily resolve the data rate and coverage challenges. Networks established using the hybridization of existing networks have diverse military and civilian applications. However, there are inherent limitations in such networks such as irregular breakdown, node failures, and halts during speed transmissions. In recent years, there have been attempts to integrate heterogeneous 5G networks with existing ad hoc networks to provide a robust solution for delay-tolerant transmissions in the form of packet switched networks. However, continuous connectivity is still required in these networks, in order to efficiently regulate the flow to allow the formation of a robust network. Therefore, in this paper, we present a novel network formation consisting of nodes from different network maneuvered by Unmanned Aircraft (UA). The proposed model utilizes the features of a biological aspect of genomes and forms a delay tolerant network with existing network models. This allows us to provide continuous and robust connectivity. We then demonstrate that the proposed network model has an efficient data delivery, lower overheads and lesser delays with high convergence rate in comparison to existing approaches, based on evaluations in both real-time testbed and simulation environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Lawrence M. Principe (ed.), Chymists and Chymistry. Studies in the History of Alchemy and Early Modern Chemistry.

Author

Abbri, Ferdinando

Subjects
CHEMISTRY, ALCHEMY, PHYSICAL sciences
Abstract

The article focuses on the second entry of Gabriel-FranÇis Venel's "Chemistry" on the origin of chemistry. Venel aimed to trace a specofoc historical territory for chemistry and argued the Egyptian roots of the alchemical knowledge. To create a unified linguistic and conceptions approach to early chemistry, William R. Newman and Lawrence M. Principe proposed the term Chymistry. The use of chymistry will indicate alchemical and chemical ideas and practices in early modern science.

Published
2009
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. RESOURCES.

Subjects
ASTRONOMY education, INFORMATION resources, PHYSICAL sciences, SPACE sciences, INTERNET, LOCAL Group (Astronomy), GALAXY clusters, METAPHYSICAL cosmology
Abstract

Provides information about several resources that are useful in the research of astronomy. Consideration of books that address cosmology; Reference to online information resources; Use of the Internet for research about astrophotography; Focus on scientific papers from astronomy conference; Recommended sources for the study of the Local Group.

Published
2003

9. The Physics of Chicken Fat.

Author

Cohen, Joel E.

Subjects
PHYSICAL sciences, NONFICTION
Abstract

Reviews the book `Life's Devices: The Physical World of Animals and Plants,' by Steven Vogel.

Published
1991

13. Writing Science.

Author

Zaleski, Jeff

Subjects
PHYSICAL sciences, NONFICTION
Abstract

-Publishers Weekly, February 9, 2004.. -Inside the elegant universe of Brian Greene.. In 1999, Greene, then a 36-year-old professor of physics and mathematics at Columbia, became the public face of string theory when he published The Elegant Universe: Superstrings, Hidden Dimensions, and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory (Norton), a major bestseller and a Pulitzer finalist. With the success of the Vintage paperback edition (2000) and a star turn in last fall's three-part PBS/Nova adaptation of his first book, Professor Greene is arguably the most popular scientist explaining science to the public since Carl Sagan in the early 1980s. Through abundant animation and special effects, fast cuts and dissolves, Greene(Brian Greene) makes science a blast to watch--without compromising the science. He's on the cutting edge of science entertainment, an endeavor once played out mostly in museums, particularly planetariums, until television burst it open, from Mr. Wizard to Bill Nye the Science Guy and, particularly, Carl Sagan.

Published
2004

14. Materials and Motion.

Author

Surges, Carol S.

Subjects
CHILDREN'S literature in series, PHYSICAL sciences, CHILDREN'S literature, NONFICTION
Abstract

The article reviews several book series about physical science including the Lightning Bolt Books: Exploring Physical Science Series, the Basics of Matter Series, and the Materials That Matter Series.

Published
2010

15. Anxiety and the Equation: Understanding Boltzmann's Entropy.

Subjects
BOLTZMANN'S equation, ENTROPY, SECOND law of thermodynamics, PHYSICAL sciences, ANXIETY
Abstract

Should some readers have a similar reaction, I would urge them to get past that hurdle, because Johnson explains the science commendably, and weaves in Boltzmann's biography with sensitivity and wit. It is in his explanation of the microscopic basis of the second law of thermodynamics as Boltzmann's greatest contribution to science that Johnson's work shines. His student, Paul Ehrenfest and Paul's brilliant wife Tatiana, the Russian/Dutch mathematician and physicist, would complete that task a few years after Boltzmann's death. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Crashes and Collapses.

Author

Peterson, Ralph

Subjects
PHYSICAL sciences, NONFICTION
Abstract

The article reviews the book "Crashes and Collapses," by Thomas L. Bohan.

Published
2009

18. Exploring Science Series: Physical Science.

Author

Kornegay, Debra and Mandell, Phyllis Levy

Subjects
VIDEO reviews, PHYSICAL sciences, SCIENCE, VIDEO tapes
Abstract

Reviews the videotape `Exploring Science Series: Physical Science,` by Video Dialog/Media Guild.

Published
1991

22. Graphic Organizers in Science.

Subjects
PHYSICAL sciences, NONFICTION
Abstract

The article reviews the book "Graphic Organizers in Science."

Published
2006

23. Cool Science.

Subjects
PHYSICAL sciences, NONFICTION
Abstract

The article reviews the book "Cool Science."

Published
2006