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Reviews the second series of `The Papers of Daniel Webster' entitled `Legal Papers.' The editor-in-chief is Charles M. Wiltse. `Legal Papers' is edited by Alfred Konefsky and Andrew J. King and comprises three volumes.

Reviews the third series of `The Papers of Daniel Webster,' entitled `Diplomatic Papers, 1841-52.' The editor-in-chief is Charles M. Wiltse. Series three is edited by Kenneth E. Shewmaker, Kenneth R. Stevens, Anita McGurn, and Alan R. Berolzheimer.

Reviews Volume IV through Volume VI of `The Papers of General Nathanael Greene,' edited by Richard K. Showman, Robert E. McCarthy, Dennis M. Conrad, Elizabeth C. Stevens, E. Wayne Carp, Susan M. Bowler, Nathaniel N. Shipton, Mary MacKechnie Showman, Laurie L. Weinstein, and Roger N. Parks.

Reviews the `General Index' to `The Papers of Daniel Webster.' The editor-in-chief is Charles M. Wiltse. The `General Index' is edited by Alan R. Berolzheimer.

The article offers poetry criticism of the poem "The Prelude," by William Wordsworth, focusing on the section "Cambridge and the Alps" in Book 6 of the poem. It examines the role of the poem in determining biographical information about Wordsworth from the summer of 1790, when he and friend Robert Jones traveled in Europe and the Alps. The author discusses the poem in light of cartography and a letter written from Wordsworth to his sister during the European tour.

A critique is presented of African American poems such as "For Malcolm, A Year After" by Etheridge Knight, "Ballad of the Landlord" by Langston Hughes, and "A Bronzeville Mother Loiters in Mississippi. Meanwhile, a Mississippi Mother Burns Bacon" by Gwendolyn Brooks. The influence of blues music on poetry, the poems' stanzas, and the social conditions of African American poets are discussed.

This paper analyses in Warsan Shire's poem Home why refugees have to leave their home. In so doing, it first explores the root causes behind particularly the displacement of Somalians, which becomes an inspiration for the poem and also argues that these causes may actually be similar ones which could be seen one way or another behind any act of the displacement anywhere across the world. Secondly, the paper responds to the criticisms which accuse refugees of leaving at once their home when they face any difficulties in life. In this sense, the poem becomes the voice of "refugees" and tells the world that "refugees" will not take all the risks in very dangerous and difficult journeys without any reasonable causes. As the paper discusses, what is also equally important is that "refugees," though exposed to very hard conditions of living during the journey and in the host country, are also labelled as "Other," which immediately brings about a negative condition, in which they are humiliated, discriminated and categorised as "us" and "them, making it difficult for refugees to integrate and eventually belong to the indigenous society. Finally, the paper debates that it is not the guilt of refugees who leave their home but the ones who create intolerable causes for their displacement from their home. The paper suggests that we are all responsible - United Nations, politicians, world leaders, writers, intellectuals, and academics and so on all over the world - not only for revealing the root causes behind the displacement of people from their home but also for annihilating them all together for a humanely world and living. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reviews the papers `Agarain Reform and Official Development Assistance in the Philippines, Four Papers,' by J. Putzel, A. Quisumbing, F. Lara and W. Armstrong.

Presents a list of documents, bibliographies and other books related to world history that appeared in April 1985 issue of 'The American Hisorical Review.' 'L'Esclavage dans le monde grec: Recueil de textes grecs et latins,' edited by Yvon Garlan; Byzantium: Church, Society, and Civilization Seen Through Contemporary Eyes,' by Deno John Geanakoplos; 'King's Inns Admission Papers, 1607-1867,' edited by Edward Keane et al.

This paper examines foreignness in Mohja Kahfs poetry volume, E-mails from Scheherazad (2003), as a celebratory commodity rather than a literary trope to resist Arab women representations or to accentuate exilic voices. Drawing on Julie Kristeva's conceptualization of foreignness as internal personae and not a projection of an external locus of identity, this paper explores how the speakers in some of Kahfs poems view foreignness as festive rather than negative. In sharp contrast to the traditional conception of difference as publicly alienating, foreignness to the Arab-American speakers becomes a distinctive mark that they uphold and celebrate. Examining foreignness in Kahfs poems through Kristeva's lens provides a sense of uniqueness to the immigrant's experience. The notion of recognizing the foreigner in ourselves, that Kristeva provides, subverts the general perception of foreignness as external and intruding. Kahfs poetry can be perceived as a negotiation of foreignness, which is not an estranging element that incurs resistance but rather as a celebratory part of the human consciousness that should be jubilantly defined rather than politically defended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the image of the maternal in Hayyim Nahman Bialik's poetry and short prose. Contrary to most prior critical evaluations, which have viewed the autobiographical or symbolic mother in Bialik's works as a monolithic representation of misery, helplessness, and self-sacrifice, this paper emphasizes the mother's portrayal as a feared, loathed, and highly ambivalent object of identification vis-à-vis the emergence of the romantic Hebrew male poet. In a reading that spans from Bialik's early lyric poetry to his mature epic "Yatmut" (Orphanhood), the author traces the development of the mother image over the course of the poet's adult life and compares it to maternal images in the works of other romantic poets (William Wordsworth, for example). She also draws parallels between the ambivalent knot through which the poet is bound to his mother, and a similar ambivalent knot that cements the bond between national poet and his "people." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term posthumanism does not come readily to mind in discussions of the modernist writer T.S. Eliot, but the present article argues that applying a posthumanist lens to readings of Eliot might offer up new ways of approaching his work. Critiques of humanism, the de-centering of the human, the notion of the subject as an empty center, and the re-configuration of consciousness are thematic axes where posthumanism and Eliot's Four Quartets can be seen to converge. These convergences show how Eliot might be considered as anticipating certain aspects of posthumanist thought. This paper argues that these posthumanist strategies serve the broader scope of Eliot's project in Four Quartets, by pointing the way toward the creation of a morally and socially responsible consciousness. It is this consciousness, envisioned by Eliot in response to the devastations of war and social unrest, that, I argue, could be applied to addressing the social upheavals of our own present-day global society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay argues against the historicist tendency to grant interpretive priority to a text's narrowly construed, originary historical context, and in favor of greater attention to historical processes and acts of de- and recontextualization. Taking as my example ''The Charge of the Light Brigade,'' I explore the uses to which this quintessentially topical poem was put in Frederick Douglass' Paper, where it was reprinted and mobilized in African American debates over antislavery violence and the relationship between race and culture. Interesting in their own right, these deployments of ''The Light Brigade'' shed light on the poem as well, relocating it within Tennyson's oeuvre and making visible its own strategy of deracializing recontextualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the lexical-semantic changes suffered by apechugar [undertake], atarantado [astounded, lightheaded, thoughless], baraja [quarrel], blanca [money], desayunarse [to get astonishing news], pelar [to get someone's money], pluma [money] in several Spanish-speaking American countries (e.g. Colombia, Argentina, Uruguay and others) with emphasis on Venezuela. These words were used by Juan de Castellanos in his Elegías de Varones Ilustres de Indias (1589). The study verifies the evolution of these voices through lexicographical important books. The investigation concludes that, after 500 years, (i) the examined lexis stay in America, (ii) new entities have been produced from these vocabularies, (iii) the terms have changed their meaning, what giving them character own to the American Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pizarnik is a writer whose work is highly interesting from the editorial point of view, for two particular situations. First, the published work is identified as "complete" when there is no complete edition of this author, because it bears the burden of censorship. Second, this gap causes the necessity of going to Princeton, where is the "original" work of Pizarnik in a more complete version. This paper tries to explore these points, starting from the experience of editing the unpublished work Otoño o los de arriba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the destabilization of the subject and writing in some poems by León de Greiff. It separates from analysis focused on its Latin-American modernist aesthetic and proposes other items to support its advanced aesthetic, such as the problem of subjectivity or the critique of modernity based on the relationship between autonomy and sovereignty of the art. It develops a perspective that justifies the participation of this poetry in an aesthetic far from modernism and focused on contemporary concerns about fragmented subject and its disintegration in writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper comprehends an analysis of the characteristics given by Callimachus to Artemis in his Hymn III. On that account, I suggest and uphold the hypothesis that the poet presents in his mythical version a development or evolution of the goddess which leads her from one state of παῖς to a transformation into a δαίμων, subsequently into a θεά and finally into an ἄνασσα/πότνια. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luis de Miranda, member of Pedro de Mendoza's fleet, wrote, probably around 1540, a composition in verse that is now known as Elegy Romance or simply Romance. Ricardo Rojas considered the poem to be the first literary composition of the Rio de la Plata in the early twentieth century. Since then, critics have read the Romance exclusively as a literary text. This paper proposes to read it taking into account its documentary context: the letter that Miranda himself sent to the King in 1545 and the Relación that Francisco Ortiz de Vergara sent to the Council of the Indies, at the end of which the Romance is copied. This reading, without excluding the literary dimension of the text, allows us to consider it integrating a discursive constellation whose purpose is eminently political. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the relationship between Octavio Paz and Surrealism. It focuses not only on the vital relationship of the poet with the French Literary Group but also on his particular aproach to the aesthethics and ethics of Surrealism. For Paz, Surrealism implied a moral philosophy and that is why he used objective chance as a tool for knowledge, logic and poetic abstraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both the American books reviewed in this paper - Nicholas Carr's The shallows. What the Internet is doing to our brains, and David Weinberger's Too big to know. Rethinking knowledge now that the facts aren't the facts, experts are everywhere, and the smartest person in the room is the room - deal with the issue of how the internet is changing the way we learn and communicate. Still, they come at diametrically opposite conclusions. Carr claims that the excessive use of the Internet may limit our concentration and understanding abilities, making it more and more difficult for many of us reading and writing those long and complex texts that are the basis of human culture. On the other side Weinberger thinks that the Internet - thanks to the multiplication and celerity of its communication channels - is unfolding new and exciting perspectives for human knowledge, no longer adequately supported by traditional documents and "experts". In the author's opinion both these theories are erroneous, being too radical and sharing a number of fallacies, e.g. a technological determinism, and the tendency to consider certain characteristics as peculiar of a very few media, while they actually belong to a lot of different media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the poetry of three authors whose works are among the most attractive of the last thirty years of Peruvian poetry. They have brought a rich complexity to their lyric tradition. That is the reason why their poetry has expanded the horizons of Hispanic poetry. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate an area of contemporary poetry—the works of José Morales Saravia, José Antonio Mazzotti and Róger Santiváñez—that without a doubt will mark some of the future paths of poetry in Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to address the neobaroque poetry of Rio de la Plata. In this regard, I have selected the work of Susana Cella and Eduardo Espina. The cultures of the two banks of the great river produce semiotic representations and different deconstructions, where the river is vestige and joyful shine of the history of the South. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is written from an Israeli point of view, a point of view of dual responsibility resulting from belonging to the state that both caused the Palestinian Nakba and took in and rehabilitated survivors and refugees of the Shoah. This position is marked by Jacques Derrida as the state of the aporia of taking responsibility. Avot Yeshurun's poetry about the Nakba and the Shoah struggles with assuming responsibility as an Israeli for the consequences of both. In his poem "Passover on Caves" especially, Yeshurun develops a discourse of heterogeneous identities enabling the Jewish Israeli to assume both responsibilities by developing "multidirectional memory" of both traumas without constituting one identity at the expense of the supposedly opposed other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This analysis of the pattern of translation of Baudelaire's work in Spain during its initial reception--the fin de siècle--explores possible reasons for the comparatively late translation of the poetry and the chronological precedence of versions of other works, such as the prose poems and Les Paradis artificiels. Drawing on aspects of polysystems theory to provide a conceptual context for discussion, this paper suggests that the pattern of translation in Spain can be explained by pragmatic considerations but also by a more discriminating grasp of contemporary literary developments than fin de siècle Spain is sometimes credited with possessing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to recall from oblivion and analyze the translations of the Anacreontea that were published by some members of a literary group called the "Mexican Arcadia" at the start of the 19th Century in El Diario de México. In this journal a translation of Anacreontea 38 (Campbell) by Flagrasto Cicné (pseudonym of Francisco Manuel Sánchez de Tagle) was printed, as well as two different translations of Anacreontea 24, one probably due to Sánchez de Tagle himself, while the other was the one Luzán included also in his Poetic (Zaragoza, 1737); likewise, Moschus' erotic epigram included in the Greek Anthology (XVI, 200) was translated by Manuel Martínez de Navarrete and published twice within a couple of months in the same journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Position data of players and athletes are widely used in sports performance analysis for measuring the amounts of physical activities as well as for tactical assessments in game sports. However, positioning sensing systems are applied in sports as tools to gain objective information of sports behavior rather than as components of intelligent spaces (IS). The paper outlines the idea of IS for the sports context with special focus to game sports and how intelligent sports feedback systems can benefit from IS. Henceforth, the most common location sensing techniques used in sports and their practical application are reviewed, as location is among the most important enabling techniques for IS. Furthermore, the article exemplifies the idea of IS in sports on two applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pedro Pietri's and Kamau Brathwaite's poems suggest that a transnational and translingual comparative approach to Caribbean literature will highlight similarities across nationalities born of parallel colonial histories and emigration experiences. While the texts themselves might not articulate a transnational or translingual perspective, their intertextuality suggests that such a relationship exists. This paper will focus explicitly on how history, language, and religion play out within poems about the emigrant experience in the metropolis. I will argue that colonialism and the transnational movement from the Caribbean to urban centers have fostered similar emigrant experience even among colonial subjects with different national identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In her long poem Solitude (1938) Vita Sackville-West explores the contrast between Nature and books and between Nature and the Christian God as she questions the purpose of life and suffering. While writing in solitude about solitude, the writer is connected to a vast community of other writers and readers. In this paper I show how Sackville-West uses classical allusions as a bridge between pagan Nature and Christian English literary history. From contemporary documents, especially her letters to Virginia Woolf, we can also see how Sackville-West kept an awkward balance in her own life between shyness and desire for connection with others which is reflected in her project of writing new verse in essentially traditional forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the proem of Parmenides' poem to the scope of showing how it is skillfully constructed both at the level of the artistic finish and as regards the communicative frame, which is designed to pose a challenge to the intelligence of the hearer. Actually, the receiver is exposed to a bundle of stimuli quite often contradictory, ranging from expressive ambiguity to subtle insinuation, with effects that are indeed devised to strike very sensitive chords in his/her mind. On these assumptions, it is then argued that the contrast between the fascinating story narrated in the allegorical proem and the really philosophical section of Parmenides' poem may depend on their gestation at two different stages in this philosopher's life. It is on the first of them that the influence of the Homeric epos is inescapable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catullus 63 is one of the most unusual of Latin poems, and also one of the most difficult for literary interpreters. In this paper I would like to discuss it from three angles, connected by the common factor of change or alteration: ethnicity, the poem's alteration of Attis' previous ethnic identity to make him Greek and to stress the contrast with the poem's Asiatic setting; gender, its transsexual use of previous female literary characters as models for Attis' two speeches;2) and genre, the literary form of the poem and its alteration and mixture of various types of generic antecedent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a comparative analysis of the original with the translation, this paper attempts to demonstrate the influence of Lucan's bellum civile on Hölderlin's poetic language and theory of cognition, over and above the contemporary, political interest of the text in the latter part of the eighteenth century. Although Hölderlin only translated verses 1-590 of the first book, it is there that Lucan uses poetic techniques which seem to have inspired the German poet. The most important of these is the linguistic and thematic development of the obscure; in its density, it may have represented to Hölderlin the ideal of the sublime. In particular, Lucan's light-metaphors seem to have left traces in Hölderlin's poetic œuvre. The interpretation focuses on a divination-scene which Lucan presents as an aesthetics of the terrifying, the radical breaking apart of gods, humankind and nature. In this cosmic chaos, the mediating function of the poet must be reconsidered: if he can no longer be a mediator, then the possibility of linguistic representation as a whole is called into question. A closer look at the last verses translated by Hölderlin shows the extent to which these doubts end in the aporia of speechlessness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edward Tylor had envisioned anthropology to be comprised of ethnology and ethnography in equal parts, but today ethnography dominates the field. In this paper, we examine two reasons for the refugee status of ethnology. First, we look at the notorious "Galton effect." Second, we examine the problem of defining and using cultural units, particularly when positivistic and static theories and methods of culture have been largely discredited by anthropology. We argue against any formulaic solutions to these problems and show that for each research question one needs to reconsider the criteria for how to construct cultural units and how to ensure that the cultures under study are not merely replicas of one another. We show that previous solutions to these issues are limited because they fail to appreciate the contingent and multidimensional nature of culture. We also argue that, instead of a "Galton problem," there is actually a "Galton asset," which can be used to study historical and emergent communicative networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the influence of Virgil on Martin Luther, paying special attention to a short verse composition of Luther's in Latin, Adversus Armatum Virum Cochlaeum, based on the first lines of the Aeneid. The study suggests that an adequate understanding of Luther's relationship to and use of Virgil needs to take into full account the fact that the Reformer not only knew Virgil's works and quoted from him frequently, but also himself composed verses based on Virgil's. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"For Once, Then, Something" (1920) is the only poem Robert Frost ever composed in a classical meter: it is written in phalaecean hendecasyllabics. What led him to depart, in that single instance, from his declared commitment to native English meters? So far no scholar or critic has ventured to say. This paper offers an explanation, and points to a greater subtlety in Frost's engagement with Latin poetry than is usually proposed. Frost's poem is, among other things, a response to hostile critics. Scholars of Catullus - and Catullus was Frost's favorite Roman author - have pointed to a link between hendecasyllabics and the poetic mode of rebuttal to one's critics. That poets in the English tradition understood this link can be demonstrated by adducing two hendecasyllabic poems of Tennyson's: "Hendecasyllabics" (1863), in which the poet fires back at his magazine reviewers, and "The Gentle Life" (1870), in which he attacks his leading critic. An ardent admirer of Catullus, Tennyson naturally turned to the hendecasyllabic as the appropriate vehicle for such a response. I argue that by casting his own retort in hendecasyllabics, and by emulating other stylistic features in Catullus' hendecasyllabics, Frost places himself within this tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Niraia" (literally "the strange one") was the pen name of Suryakant Tripathi (1899?-1961), one of the four major twentieth-century Hindi poets associated with Chayavad, the first prominent "movement" in contemporary Hindi poetry. Many critics, both Western and Indian, have stressed Chayavad's parallels with Western Romanticism, mainly because of its preoccupation with individual consciousness and subjectivity. One of the most recurrent criticisms of the movement has been that it lacked a concern with the central political and social issues of its era, the twenties and thirties. While that may be true in general, it does not do full justice to at least some Chayavad poetry. Here it will be argued that, in particular, Nirala's poetry is surprisingly polemical, "this-worldly," and is engaged with such issues as language consciousness, national identity, and gender constructs. This paper presents a close analysis of two of Nirala's representative early Chayavad poems that form a kind of "diptych in verse": they are both entitled "Jago Phir Ek Bar" (Wake up, once more), numbered 1 and 2 respectively. Both poems date from his early, most Chayavadi phase (1920-38) and are included in the first anthology, Parimal, which he published in 1929.(n1) The analysis of these poems reveals how Chayavad techniques were adapted to convey a complex nationalist, Hindu- and Hindi-chauvinist message, and how this was overlaid with gender images. This conflation can be understood against the background of Nirala's life: his search for his own linguistic identity in the light of his experience of growing up in Bengal, his obsession with Tagore, and his marriage and early loss of his wife. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information related to the special issue on transportation proceedings of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. The concept of the goals of the issue was outlined by the editorial committee of the institute. The issue is planned to be more than a collection of papers on random topics in transportation. It will serve as a coherent introduction to the subject for most of its engineering readers. Three major areas will be considered. The purpose of this issue will be to acquaint today's engineer with what surely will be one of the most rapidly growing areas of research and development in the coming decade. The issue will limit itself to terrestrial, i.e., nonspace travel, but within this restriction will be as broad as possible. The papers included in this issue focus on different and important topics. Some of the papers report on an area far afield from most of the readers. They cite new areas of research and development which promise greatly increased cost effectiveness for this most ancient form of transportation.

Formal, discursive and contextual elements all play a part in the reception of ancient texts in modern poetry and drama. This article examines the simile as a formal technique which also generates and transmits intertextual relationships. It is argued that the simile also provides a model which illuminates the nexus between Walcott's technique and the ways in which audiences read and experience his work. The first section identifies ways in which the Homeric simile operates structurally within the epics and suggests that it acts as an agent of perspective transformation, changing the audience's perception both of the internal dynamics of the poem and of how the audience itself relates to the work. The second part of the paper explores this approach in relation to Walcott's Omeros, with particular emphasis on the relationship between Philoctetes/Philoctete and the anonymous narrator of the poem. The third section examines a broader application of the simile model in relation to performance of a modern work closely linked with a single ancient text, Walcott's Stage Version of the Odyssey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the second half of the 11th century, a humanist circle of clerical poets, living around the central valley of the Loire, was writing poetry in classical language and metre. Baudri of Bourgueil, who wrote an impressive corpus of Latin poems, was an expert in the language, style, verse, motifs and genres of the classical and later antique pagan and Christian poetry, and treated theological as well as profane and explicitly ancient topics. About 1107, when he was urged to become bishop and to abandon his personal independence and quiet monastic life, he gave voice to his disgust of the new ecclesiastical burden by a long poem in elegiac distichs. This paper tries to show the ancient genres Baudri has used and transformed and even inverted in order to describe his special situation. Therefore, in imitating the ancient genres, far from showing only his literary culture, he was rather using them in a very specific and personal way. This use of literary traditions can best be analyzed in terms of intertextuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reviews the fourth series of `The Papers of Daniel Webster,' entitled `Speeches and Formal Writings, 1800-1852.' The editor-in-chief is Charles M. Wiltse. The fourth series is edited by Charles M. Wiltse and Alan R. Berolzheimer and comprises twovolumes.

Criticizes the arguments of Tyler Burge in a paper titled `Content Preservation' that the memory processes underlying deductive reasoning and the psychological processes underlying verbal communication are purely preservative. Preservative versus justificatory role; Application to mathematical beliefs and to beliefs based on testimony; Possibility of an a priori warrant for beliefs based on testimony.

Discusses the implications of the book `Cultural Studies,' edited by Lawrence Grossberg, Cary Nelson and Paula A. Treicher. Relevance of language to the credibility of the book's essays; Comparison of the book's focus with a paper of philosopher Jacques Derrida; How the academic sector can incorporate the concepts of the essays.

Presents announcements and activities concerning the field of U.S. Southern history. Winners of the 2002 literary awards competitions of the Museum and White House of the Confederacy in Richmond, Virginia; Economic and Business Historical Society's 29th annual conference in the Anaheim, California; Proposals for individual papers.

Reviews the essential conclusions of recent conflicting research papers on the mechanisms by which eukaryotic transcriptional activators work. VP16 and TFIID; A missing component; E1a and SP1; Conclusion.

Reviews the collection of study papers `China's Economic Dilemmas in the 1990s: The Problem of Reforms, Modernization and Interdependence volumes 1 and 2,' by the Joint Economic Committee of the United States Congress.

This article is a reply to comments of computer professionals Paul B. Moranda regarding the paper "A Review and Evaluation of Software Science." The authors of the article say that whether a complexity measure should be intensive or extensive is an interesting philosophical question. There are many good and valid reasons for the intuitive appeal of intensive measures. However, it was not the purpose of the paper to evaluate the intuitive appeal of one complexity measure or another. Rather, the authors were simply saying "Here is a theory of software complexity that has been applied to several large real world data bases and subjected to carefully controlled experiments and it still holds up. We think the theory is worthy of more careful scrutiny and analysis." They leave to some other ambitious author the task of answering "why" one theory works and another does not. It is true that there are many ways to compute the effort measure E. It may be true, as Moranda suggests, that one may choose among alternative E measures, but the subjectivity of the choice does not contradict the objectivity of the measures.

A conference paper about the history of Jews and Christians on the basis of their theoretical conceptions is presented. It discusses the history of Jews and Christians during their early centuries of coexistence that is the period of 1,300-year span between the fall of the kingdom of Judah and the rise of Islam. It further discusses the inherent interconnectedness of the early Jewish and Christian religious communities in order to define the other's unique theological and social views.

Reviews the scientific papers `Cold Regions Engineering,' edited by Radislaw Michaelowski. Provides the texts of papers presented at the fifth International Cold Regions Conference held in St. Paul, Minn. February 6-9, 1989.

Reviews the report `Autonomy and Dependence in Residential Care' (Age Concern Institute of Gerontology Research Paper No. 5), by Stella R. Dixon.

Reviews the papers `Corollaries on Place and Void,' by Philoponus, translated by David Furley and `Against Philoponus on the Eternity of the World,' by Simplicius, translated by Christian Wildberg. Both translations are contained in `Place, Void, and Eternity,' a work in the multi-volume series `Ancient Commentators on Aristotle,' edited by Richard Sorabji.

This article presents comments of the author regarding the paper "A Review and Evaluation of Software Science," by A. Fitzsimmons and T. Love, published in the March 1978 issue of the periodical "ACM Computing Surveys." The article raised two questions in author's mind: whether the effort measure is a good measure of complexity and whether the correlation coefficient is a reliable tool for validating the conjectures of software science. Article's abstract states that software science's effort measure (E) gives an objective measure of complexity. E is an extensive measure that is, one that depends on the bulk or size of the program. All previous measures of complexity have been intensive that is, they depend on the internal structure. Examples include the relative frequencies of branching statements and calls, or a normalized to unity spectrum of program's listing across indenture levels, or a cyclomatic measure of program's loop and nesting structure. Indeed, T.J. McCabe, a software engineer has expressed skepticism of extensive measures.