357 results on '"Zhi, Wei"'
Search Results
2. GALPs! Composite heavy axion-like Dark Matter
- Author
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Carenza, Pierluca, Pasechnik, Roman, and Wang, Zhi-Wei
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,High Energy Physics - Theory - Abstract
We propose a novel class of Dark Matter (DM) candidates in the form of a heavy composite Axion-Like Particle (ALP) with highly suppressed electromagnetic interactions, being stable even for masses exceeding the GeV scale. We argue that such a composite ALP emerges as a bound state -- the dark glueball -- due to confinement in a pure Yang-Mills dark sector. In a minimal ultraviolet complete QCD-like model, cosmological production of dark gluons as well as photons occurs via heavy fermion annihilation which effectively reheats both the dark and visible sectors setting up their temperature scales. Furthermore, effective interactions between glueballs and photons, resembling those of standard ALPs, are radiatively generated by heavy fermion loops. Consequently, DM glueballs interacting with photons are dubbed `Glueball ALPs' (GALPs). We uncover novel phenomenology of GALPs focusing on their unique astrophysical and cosmological signatures., Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure
- Published
- 2024
3. On a determinant involving linear combinations of Legendre symbols
- Author
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Liu, Keqin, Sun, Zhi-Wei, and Wang, Li-Yuan
- Subjects
Mathematics - Number Theory ,11A15, 11C20, 15A15 - Abstract
In this paper, we study a conjecture of the second author on determinants involving Legendre symbols. For example, we prove that $$\det\left[x+\left(\frac{i-j}p\right)+\left(\frac ip\right)y+\left(\frac jp\right)z+\left(\frac{ij}p\right)w\right]_{0\le i,j\le(p-3)/2}=x$$ for any prime $p\equiv3\pmod4$, where $(\frac{\cdot}p)$ denotes the Legendre symbol., Comment: 15 pages, polished version with typos corrected
- Published
- 2024
4. Design of High-speed readout electronics for the DarkSHINE electromagnetic calorimeter
- Author
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Guo, Yihan, Li, Shu, Liu, Kun, Liu, Yang, Tan, Yongqi, Tang, Jiannan, Wu, Weihao, Yang, Haijun, Zhao, Zhiyu, Zhi, Wei, and Zhou, Zhizhen
- Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
The DarkSHINE experiment aims to search for dark photons by measuring the energy loss of the electrons recoiled from fixed-target. Its electromagnetic calorimeter is primarily responsible for accurately reconstructing the energy of the recoil electrons and bremsstrahlung photons. The performance of the electromagnetic calorimeter is crucial, as its energy measurement precision directly determines the sensitivity to the search for dark photons. The DarkSHINE electromagnetic calorimeter uses LYSO crystals to form a fully absorptive electromagnetic calorimeter. It utilizes SiPMs to detect scintillation light in the crystals, and its readout electronics system deduces the deposited energy in the crystals by measuring the number of photoelectric signals generated by the SiPMs. The DarkSHINE electromagnetic calorimeter aims to operate at an event rate of 1-10 MHz, detecting energies ranging from 1 MeV to 1 GeV. To meet the requirements of high energy measurement precision, high event rate, and large dynamic range, we have researched and designed a readout electronics system based on dual-channel high-speed ADCs and a customized DAQ. The front-end amplification part of this system uses low-noise trans-impedance amplifiers to achieve high-precision waveform amplification. It successfully achieves a dynamic range up to a thousandfold through a double-gain readout scheme. The digital part uses 1 GSPS high-speed ADCs to achieve non-dead-time, high-precision waveform digitization. The DAQ part uses JESD204B high-speed serial protocol to read out the signal from ADC, and transmit it to PC software for processing and storage. Test results show a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 66 dBFS and an ENOB greater than 10.6 bits. Energy spectra measurements have been conducted using LYSO crystals and SiPMs, and an energy resolution of 5.96% at the 2.6 MeV gamma peak of Th-232 has been achieved.
- Published
- 2024
5. Likely existence of bound states and the Efimov effect in the triple-$J/\psi$ system
- Author
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Pan, Ya-Wen, Liu, Zhi-Wei, Geng, Li-Sheng, Hosaka, Atsushi, and Liu, Xiang
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear Experiment ,Nuclear Theory - Abstract
The ground-breaking discovery of the first fully charmed tetraquark state $X(6900)$ in the $J/\psi J/\psi$ invariant mass distribution by the LHCb collaboration has inspired intensive theoretical studies. Various interpretations, such as molecular states, compact tetraquark states, and coupled-channel effects, have been proposed for these states. Of particular interest is the ongoing search for the triple-$J/\psi$ state--a fully-charmed hexaquark state. To deepen our understanding of the triple-$J/\psi$ state and to guide future experimental searches, we study the triple-$J/\psi$ system in this work employing the Gaussian expansion method and the $J/\psi J/\psi$ potential parameterized to yield a shallow bound state, as suggested in several theoretical works. Our results support a triple-$J/\psi$ bound state, even in cases where the attractive interaction between the two $J/\psi$ mesons is very weak. Moreover, our analysis implies the Efimov effect in the triple-$J/\psi$ system. In addition, we extend our investigation to the triple-$\Upsilon (1S)$ system and obtain results similar to those for the triple-$J/\psi$ system., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables; comments welcome
- Published
- 2024
6. Fermion Masses and Mixings in String Theory with Dirac Neutrinos
- Author
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Sabir, Mudassar, Li, Tianjun, Mansha, Adeel, and Wang, Zhi-Wei
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology - Abstract
We examine the most realistic class of models among the 33 candidates in the complete landscape of supersymmetric Pati-Salam models arising from intersecting D6-branes on a $\mathbb{T}^6/(\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_2)$ orientifold in type IIA string theory. The class is characterized by twelve Higgs from the $\mathcal{N}=2$ sector that precisely account for the Standard Model fermion masses and mixings without Wilson fluxes. Notably, there is a natural prediction of Dirac neutrino-masses with normal ordering $(50.4,~10.5,~6.1)$~meV consistent with both experimental constraints and swampland bounds., Comment: 5 pages + appendix
- Published
- 2024
7. A camera system for real-time optical calibration of water-based neutrino telescopes
- Author
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Tian, Wei, Zhi, Wei, Xue, Qiao, Li, Wenlian, Wei, Zhenyu, Hu, Fan, Chang, Qichao, Wang, MingXin, Sun, Zhengyang, Liu, Xiaohui, Ye, Ziping, Miao, Peng, Tian, Xinliang, Liu, Jianglai, and Xu, Donglian
- Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
Calibrating the optical properties within the detection medium of a neutrino telescope is crucial for determining its angular resolution and energy scale. For the next generation of neutrino telescopes planned to be constructed in deep water, such as the TRopIcal DEep-sea Neutrino Telescope (TRIDENT), there are additional challenges due to the dynamic nature and potential non-uniformity of the water medium. This necessitates a real-time optical calibration system distributed throughout the large detector array. This study introduces a custom-designed CMOS camera system equipped with rapid image processing algorithms, providing a real-time optical calibration method for TRIDENT and other similar projects worldwide. In September 2021, the TRIDENT Pathfinder experiment (TRIDENT Explorer, T-REX for short) successfully deployed this camera system in the West Pacific Ocean at a depth of 3420 meters. Within 30 minutes, about 3000 images of the T-REX light source were captured, allowing for the in-situ measurement of seawater attenuation and absorption lengths under three wavelengths. This deep-sea experiment for the first time showcased a technical demonstration of a functioning camera calibration system in a dynamic neutrino telescope site, solidifying a substantial part of the calibration strategies for the future TRIDENT project.
- Published
- 2024
8. Some determinants involving binary forms
- Author
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She, Yue-Feng and Sun, Zhi-Wei
- Subjects
Mathematics - Number Theory ,11C20, 15A18 - Abstract
In this paper, we study arithmetic properties of certain determinants involving powers of $i^2+cij+dj^2$, where $c$ and $d$ are integers. For example, for any odd integer $n>1$ with $(\frac dn)=-1$ we prove that $\det [ (\frac{i^2+cij+dj^2}{n})]_{0\le i,j\le n-1}$ is divisible by $\varphi(n)^2$, where $(\frac{\cdot}{n})$ is the Jacobi symbol and $\varphi$ is Euler's totient function. This confirms a previous conjecture of the second author., Comment: 13 pages
- Published
- 2024
9. Angular Momentum-Resolved Inelastic Electron Scattering for Nuclear Giant Resonances
- Author
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Lu, Zhi-Wei, Guo, Liang, Ababekri, Mamutjan, Zhang, Jia-lin, Weng, Xiu-Feng, Wu, Yuanbin, Niu, Yi-Fei, and Li, Jian-Xing
- Subjects
Nuclear Theory - Abstract
Giant resonances (GRs) provide crucial insights into nuclear physics and astrophysics. Exciting GRs using particles like electrons is effective, yet the angular momentum (AM) transfer of electrons, including both intrinsic spin and orbital degrees of freedom in inelastic scattering, has never been studied. Here, we investigate AM transfer in GRs excited by plane-wave and vortex electrons, developing a comprehensive AM-resolved inelastic electron scattering theory. We find that even plane-wave electrons can model-independently extract transition strengths of higher multipolarity by selecting specific AM states of scattered electrons. Additionally, relativistic vortex electrons with orbital angular momentum (OAM) $\pm1$ can be efficiently generated. Vortex electrons can also be used to extract GR transition strength as in the plane-wave case, regardless of the position of nucleus relative to the beam axis. Furthermore, relativistic vortex electrons with larger OAM can be generated for on-axis nuclei due to AM conservation. Our method offers new perspectives for nuclear structure research and paves the way for generating vortex particles.
- Published
- 2024
10. Problems and results on determinants involving Legendre symbols
- Author
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Sun, Zhi-Wei
- Subjects
Mathematics - Number Theory ,11A15, 11C20, 15A15 - Abstract
In this paper we investigate determinants whose entries are linear combinations of Legendre symbols. We deduce some new results in this direction; for example, we prove that for any prime $p\equiv3\pmod4$ we have $$\det\left[x+\left(\frac{j-k}p\right)+\left(\frac jp\right)-\left(\frac kp\right)\right]_{0\le j,k\le(p-1)/2}=4,$$ where $(\frac{\cdot}p)$ is the Legendre symbol. We also pose many conjectures for further research. For example, for any prime $p>3$ we conjecture that \begin{align*}&\ \det\left[\left(\frac{j+k}p\right)+\left(\frac{j-k}p\right)+\left(\frac{jk}p\right)\right]_{1\le j,k\le(p-1)/2} \\=&\ \begin{cases}(\frac 2p)p^{(p-5)/4}&\text{if}\ p\equiv1\pmod4, \\(-1)^{(h(-p)-1)/2}(1-(2-(\frac 2p))h(-p))p^{(p-3)/4}&\text{if}\ p\equiv3\pmod4, \end{cases}\end{align*} where $h(-p)$ is the class number of the imaginary quadratic field $\mathbb Q(\sqrt{-p})$., Comment: 24 pages. Refined version with typos corrected
- Published
- 2024
11. Femtoscopy can tell whether $Z_c(3900)$ and $Z_{cs}(3985)$ are resonances or virtual states
- Author
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Liu, Zhi-Wei, Lu, Jun-Xu, Liu, Ming-Zhu, and Geng, Li-Sheng
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear Experiment ,Nuclear Theory - Abstract
There have been extended and heated discussions on the nature of the two exotic states, $Z_c(3900)$ and $Z_{cs}(3985)$, particularly whether they are resonances or virtual states. We demonstrate for the first time that the femtoscopic technique can be used to unambiguously distinguish between such two scenarios. More concretely, we show that the $D^0D^{*-}$/$D^0D_s^{*-}$ correlation functions are significantly different in the high-momentum region, especially in small collision systems of the order of 1 fm, as produced in pp collisions at the LHC, which can unambiguously tell whether $Z_c(3900)$/$Z_{cs}(3985)$ is a resonant or a virtual state. For the $Z_{cs}(3985)$, the $D^0D_s^{*-}$ results at zero momentum are significantly different in the two scenarios. We hope all these discoveries can stimulate further experimental studies and help clarify the nature of the many exotic states discovered., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. Comments are welcome
- Published
- 2024
12. The Grothendieck group of a triangulated category
- Author
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Chen, Xiao-Wu, Li, Zhi-Wei, Zhang, Xiaojin, and Zhao, Zhibing
- Subjects
Mathematics - Representation Theory ,Mathematics - Category Theory ,18G80, 18F30 - Abstract
We give a direct proof of the following known result: the Grothendieck group of a triangulated category with a silting subcategory is isomorphic to the split Grothendieck group of the silting subcategory. Moreover, we obtain its cluster-tilting analogue., Comment: added a new section to discuss the cluster-tilting analogue
- Published
- 2024
13. On some determinants arising from quadratic residues
- Author
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Ren, Chen-Kai and Sun, Zhi-Wei
- Subjects
Mathematics - Number Theory ,11A15, 11C20, 15A15 - Abstract
Let $p>3$ be a prime, and let $d\in\mathbb Z$ with $p\nmid d$. For the determinants $$S_m(d,p)=\det\left[(i^2+dj^2)^{m}\right]_{1\leqslant i,j \leqslant (p-1)/2}\ \ \left(\frac{p-1}2\leqslant m\leqslant p-1\right),$$ Sun recently determined $S_m(d,p)$ modulo $p$ when $m\in\{p-2,p-3\}$ and $(\frac {-d}p)=-1$. In this paper, we obtain $S_{p-2}(d,p)$ modulo $p$ in the remaining case $(\frac{-d}p)=1$, and determine the Legendre symbols $(\frac{S_{p-3}\,(d,p)}p)$ and $(\frac{S_{p-4}\,(d,p)}p)$ in some special cases., Comment: 14 pages
- Published
- 2024
14. Detecting quantum vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field
- Author
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Malcolm, Aaron, Sharmila, B., Wang, Zhi-Wei, and Datta, Animesh
- Subjects
Quantum Physics - Abstract
We identify two signatures of quantum vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field on a harmonically trapped charged particle. They are a shift from the natural trap frequency and generation of quantum coherences. The frequency shift, estimated for a single-electron cyclotron, should be observable in future experiments. We also suggest a possible route to detecting vacuum-generated quantum coherences. We assess the role of the long-wavelength and rotating-wave approximations in arriving at our estimates. These experiments should settle the debate on the choice of approximations and gauge in capturing the effect of the quantum vacuum fluctuations., Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure
- Published
- 2024
15. Three ways to decipher the nature of exotic hadrons: multiplets, three-body hadronic molecules, and correlation functions
- Author
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Liu, Ming-Zhu, Pan, Ya-Wen, Liu, Zhi-Wei, Wu, Tian-Wei, Lu, Jun-Xu, and Geng, Li-Sheng
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,High Energy Physics - Lattice ,Nuclear Experiment ,Nuclear Theory - Abstract
In the past two decades, a plethora of hadronic states beyond the conventional quark model of $q\bar{q}$ mesons and $qqq$ baryons have been observed experimentally, which motivated extensive studies to understand their nature and the non-perturbative strong interaction. Since most of these exotic states are near the mass thresholds of a pair of conventional hadrons, the prevailing picture is that they are primarily hadronic molecules. In principle, one can verify the molecular nature of these states by thoroughly comparing their masses, decay widths, and production rates in a particular picture with experimental data. However, this is difficult or impossible. First, quantum mechanics allows for the mixing of configurations allowed by symmetries and quantum numbers. Second, data are relatively scarce because of their small production rates and the many difficulties in the experimental measurements. As a result, other alternatives need to be explored. This review summarizes three such approaches that can help disentangle the nature of the many exotic hadrons discovered. In the first approach, based on the molecular interpretations for some exotic states, we study the likely existence of multiplets of hadronic molecules related by various symmetries, such as isospin symmetry, SU(3)-flavor symmetry, heavy quark spin/flavor symmetry, and heavy antiquark diquark symmetry. In the second approach, starting from some hadronic molecular candidates, one can derive the underlying hadron-hadron interactions. With these interactions, one can study related three-body systems and check whether three-body bound states/resonances exist. In the third approach, one can turn to the femtoscopy technique to derive the hadron-hadron interactions, hence inaccessible. This technique provided an unprecedented opportunity to understand the interactions between unstable hadrons., Comment: 140 pages, 40 figures; any comments are appreciated!
- Published
- 2024
16. Front-end electronics development of large-area SiPM arrays for high-precision single-photon time measurement
- Author
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Zhi, Wei, Cao, Ruike, Tang, Jiannan, Wang, Mingxin, Tan, Yongqi, Wu, Weihao, and Xu, Donglian
- Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
TRopIcal DEep-sea Neutrino Telescope (TRIDENT) plans to incorporate silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) with superior time resolution in addition to photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) into its detection units, namely hybrid Digital Optical Modules (hDOMs), to improve its angular resolution. However, the time resolution significantly degrades for large-area SiPMs due to the large detector capacitance, posing significant challenges for the readout electronics of SiPMs in hDOM. We analyzed the influences of series and parallel connections when constructing a large-area SiPM array and designed a series-parallel connection SiPM array with differential output. We also designed a high-speed pre-amplifier based on transformers (MABA-007159) and radio frequency amplifiers (BGA2803), and an analog multi-channel summing circuit based on operational amplifiers (LMH6629). We measured the single photon time resolution (SPTR) of a $4\times4$ SiPM (Hamamatsu S13360-3050PE) array ($12\times12~\mathrm{mm}^2$) of approximately 300 ps FWHM. This front-end readout design enables the large-area SiPM array to achieve high-precision single photon time measurement in one readout channel., Comment: Revised version. 12 pages, 10 figures
- Published
- 2024
17. Single-modulated-pulse two-qubit gates for Rydberg atoms with noncyclic geometric control
- Author
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Chen, Zi-Yuan, Liang, Jia-Hao, Fu, Zhao-Xin, Liu, Hong-Zhi, He, Ze-Rui, Wang, 1 Meng, Han, Zhi-Wei, Huang, Jia-Yi, Lv, Qing-Xian, and Du, Yan-Xiong
- Subjects
Quantum Physics - Abstract
Arrays of neutral atoms have emerged as promising platforms for quantum computing. Realization of high-fidelity two-qubit gates with robustness is currently a significant important task for large-scale operations. In this paper, we present a convenient approach for implementing a two-qubit controlled-phase gate using Rydberg blockade. We achieve the noncyclic geometric control with a single modulated pulse. As compared with the control scheme by cyclic evolution that determined by dynamical parameters, the robustness of the proposal against systematic errors will be remarkably improved due to the geometric characteristic. Importantly, the noncyclic geometric control reduces the gate time for small rotation angles and will be more insensitive to the decoherence effect. We accelerate the adiabatic control with the aid of shortcuts to adiabaticity to further shorten the operation time. We apply our protocol to the algorithm of quantum Fourier transformation to show the actual acceleration. Therefore, the proposed scheme will provide an analytical waveforms for arbitrary two-qubit gates and may have important use in the experiments of atomic arrays., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures
- Published
- 2024
18. Some determinants involving quadratic residues modulo primes
- Author
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Sun, Zhi-Wei
- Subjects
Mathematics - Number Theory ,11A15, 11C20, 15A15, 33B10 - Abstract
In this paper we evaluate several determinants involving quadratic residues modulo primes. For example, for any prime $p>3$ with $p\equiv3\pmod4$ and $a,b\in\mathbb Z$ with $p\nmid ab$, we prove that $$\det\left[ 1+\tan\pi\frac{aj^2+bk^2}p \right]_{1\le j,k \le \frac{p-1}2} = \begin{cases}-2^{(p-1)/2}p^{(p-3)/4}&\text{if}\ (\frac{ab}p)=1, \\p^{(p-3)/4}&\text{if}\ (\frac{ab}p)=-1, \end{cases}$$ where $(\frac{\cdot}p)$ denotes the Legendre symbol. We also pose some conjectures for further research., Comment: 25 pages. Mainly add Theorem 1.1(i) and its proof
- Published
- 2024
19. Proof of conjectures on series with summands involving $ \binom{2k}{k}8^k/(\binom{3k}{k}\binom{6k}{3k})$
- Author
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Sun, Zhi-Wei and Zhou, Yajun
- Subjects
Mathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs ,Mathematics - Number Theory ,33B15, 33B30, 33F10, 11M32, 11B65 - Abstract
Using cyclotomic multiple zeta values of level $8$, we confirm and generalize several conjectural identities on infinite series with summands involving $\binom{2k}k8^k/(\binom{3k}k\binom{6k}{3k})$. For example, we prove that \[\sum_{k=0}^\infty\frac{(350k-17)\binom{2k}k8^k} {\binom{3k}k\binom{6k}{3k}}=15\sqrt2\,\pi+27\] and \[\sum_{k=1}^\infty\frac{\left\{(5k-1)\left[16\mathsf H_{2k-1}^{(2)}-3\mathsf H_{k-1}^{(2)}\right]-\frac{12(6k-1)}{(2k-1)^2}\right\}\binom{2k}k8^k} {k(2k-1)\binom{3k}k\binom{6k}{3k}}=\frac{\pi^3}{12\sqrt2},\] where $\mathsf H^{(2)}_m$ denotes the second-order harmonic number $\sum_{0
- Published
- 2024
20. Evaluations of $ \sum_{k=1}^\infty \frac{x^k}{k^2\binom{3k}{k}}$ and related series
- Author
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Sun, Zhi-Wei and Zhou, Yajun
- Subjects
Mathematics - Combinatorics ,Mathematics - Number Theory ,05A10, 11M32, 11B65, 33B15 - Abstract
We perform polylogarithmic reductions for several classes of infinite sums motivated by Z.-W. Sun's related works in 2022--2023. For certain choices of parameters, these series can be expressed by cyclotomic multiple zeta values of levels $4$, $5$, $6$, $7$, $8$, $9$, $10$, and $12$. In particular, we obtain closed forms of the series $$\sum_{k=0}^\infty\frac{x_0^k}{(k+1)\binom{3k}k} \ \ \text{and}\ \ \sum_{k=1}^\infty\frac{x_0^k}{k^2\binom{3k}k}$$ for any $x_0\in(-27/4,27/4)$., Comment: 23 pages
- Published
- 2024
21. Proposal of detecting topological transition of quantum braiding in three-fold degenerate eigen subspace
- Author
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Han, Zhi-Wei, Liang, Jia-Hao, Fu, Zhao-Xin, Liu, Hong-Zhi, Chen, Zi-Yuan, Wang, Meng, He, Ze-Rui, Huang, Jia-Yi, Lv, Qing-Xian, Liao, Kai-Yu, and Du, Yan-Xiong
- Subjects
Quantum Physics - Abstract
The braiding operations of quantum states have attracted substantial attention due to their great potential for realizing topological quantum computations. In this paper, we show that a three-fold degenerate eigen subspace can be obtained in a four-level Hamiltonian which is the minimal physical system. Braiding operations are proposed to apply to dressed states in the subspace. The topology of the braiding diagram can be characterized through physical methods once that the sequential braiding pulses are adopted. We establish an equivalent relationship function between the permutation group and the output states where different output states correspond to different values of the function. The topological transition of the braiding happens when two operations overlap, which is detectable through the measurement of the function. Combined with the phase variation method, we can analyze the wringing pattern of the braiding. Therefore, the experimentally-feasible system provides a platform to investigate braiding dynamics, the SU(3) physics and the qutrit gates., Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures
- Published
- 2024
22. Infinite order results for charged sectors of the Standard Model
- Author
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Antipin, Oleg, Bersini, Jahmall, Panopoulos, Pantelis, Sannino, Francesco, and Wang, Zhi-Wei
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Theory - Abstract
We determine anomalous dimensions of a family of fixed hypercharge operators in the Standard Model featuring the general Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa structure. The results are obtained at infinite orders in the couplings and to leading and subleading orders in the charge. The computed anomalous dimensions are shown to agree with the maximum known order in perturbation theory. We further show that the large hypercharge sector of the Standard Model is characterised by a non-Abelian vector condensation phase., Comment: 27 pages in LaTeX
- Published
- 2023
23. Correlation function for the $a_0(980)$
- Author
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Molina, R., Liu, Zhi-Wei, Geng, Li-Sheng, and Oset, E.
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
We have conducted a model independent analysis of the $K^+ \bar{K}^0$ pair correlation function obtained from ultra high energy $pp$ collisions, with the aim of extracting the information encoded in it related to the $K\bar{K}$ interaction and the coupled channel $\pi^+ \eta$. With the present large errors at small relative $K^+\bar{K}^0$ momenta, we find that the information obtained about the scattering matrix suffers from large uncertainties. Even then, we are able to show that the data imply the existence of the $a_0$ resonance, $a_0(980)$, showing as a strong cusp close to the $K\bar{K}$ threshold. We also mention that the measurement of the $\pi^+ \eta$ correlation function will be essential in order to constrain more the information on $K\bar{K}$ dynamics that can be obtained from correlation functions., Comment: 7 pages, 9 figures
- Published
- 2023
24. Taylor coefficients and series involving harmonic numbers
- Author
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Hou, Qing-Hu and Sun, Zhi-Wei
- Subjects
Mathematics - Combinatorics ,Primary 05A19, 11B65, Secondary 33B15 - Abstract
During 2022--2023 Z.-W. Sun posed many conjectures on infinite series with summands involving generalized harmonic numbers. Motivated by this, we deduce $31$ series identities involving harmonic numbers, three of which were previously conjectured by the second author. For example, we obtain that \[ \sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \frac{(-1)^k}{k^2{2k \choose k}{3k \choose k}} \big( \frac{7 k-2}{2 k-1} H_{k-1}^{(2)}-\frac{3}{4 k^2} \big)=\frac{\pi^4}{720}. \] and \[ \sum_{k=1}^\infty \frac{1}{k^2 {2k \choose k}^2} \left( \frac{30k-11}{k(2k-1)} (H_{2k-1}^{(3)} + 2 H_{k-1}^{(3)}) + \frac{27}{8k^4} \right) = 4 \zeta(3)^2, \] where $H_n^{(m)}$ denotes $\sum_{0
- Published
- 2023
25. Gravitational Waves from Composite Dark Sectors
- Author
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Pasechnik, Roman, Reichert, Manuel, Sannino, Francesco, and Wang, Zhi-Wei
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,High Energy Physics - Lattice ,High Energy Physics - Theory - Abstract
We study under which conditions a first-order phase transition in a composite dark sector can yield an observable stochastic gravitational-wave signal. To this end, we employ the Linear-Sigma model featuring $N_f=3,4,5$ flavours and perform a Cornwall-Jackiw-Tomboulis computation also accounting for the effects of the Polyakov loop. The model allows us to investigate the chiral phase transition in regimes that can mimic QCD-like theories incorporating in addition composite dynamics associated with the effects of confinement-deconfinement phase transition. A further benefit of this approach is that it allows to study the limit in which the effective interactions are weak. We show that strong first-order phase transitions occur for weak effective couplings of the composite sector leading to gravitational-wave signals potentially detectable at future experimental facilities., Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures
- Published
- 2023
26. Online Mixed Discrete and Continuous Optimization: Algorithms, Regret Analysis and Applications
- Author
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Ye, Lintao, Chi, Ming, Liu, Zhi-Wei, Wang, Xiaoling, and Gupta, Vijay
- Subjects
Mathematics - Optimization and Control - Abstract
We study an online mixed discrete and continuous optimization problem where a decision maker interacts with an unknown environment for a number of $T$ rounds. At each round, the decision maker needs to first jointly choose a discrete and a continuous actions and then receives a reward associated with the chosen actions. The goal for the decision maker is to maximize the accumulative reward after $T$ rounds. We propose algorithms to solve the online mixed discrete and continuous optimization problem and prove that the algorithms yield sublinear regret in $T$. We show that a wide range of applications in practice fit into the framework of the online mixed discrete and continuous optimization problem, and apply the proposed algorithms to solve these applications with regret guarantees. We validate our theoretical results with numerical experiments., Comment: 18 pages, 2 figures
- Published
- 2023
27. New series involving binomial coefficients
- Author
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Sun, Zhi-Wei
- Subjects
Mathematics - Number Theory ,Mathematics - Combinatorics ,05A19, 11B65, 11A07, 11B68, 33B15 - Abstract
In this paper, we deduce several new identities on infinite series with denominators of summands containing both binomial coefficients and linear parts. For example, we evaluate the sums $$\sum_{k=1}^\infty\frac{x_0^k}{(2k-1)\binom{3k}k},\ \sum_{k=0}^\infty\frac{x_0^k}{(3k+1)\binom{3k}k} \ \text{and}\ \sum_{k=0}^\infty\frac{x_0^k}{(3k+2)\binom{3k}k}$$ for any $x_0\in(-27/4,27/4)$. For any $1
- Published
- 2023
28. Sciama's argument on life in a random universe: Distinguishing apples from oranges
- Author
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Wang, Zhi-Wei and Braunstein, Samuel L.
- Subjects
Physics - History and Philosophy of Physics ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology - Abstract
Dennis Sciama argued that the existence of life depended on many quantities, the fundamental constants, so in a random universe life should be highly unlikely. However, without full knowledge of these constants, his argument implies a universe that would appear to be `intelligently designed.', Comment: Publication in Nature Astronomy (2023). arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2109.10241
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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29. Glueball dark matter, precisely
- Author
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Carenza, Pierluca, Ferreira, Tassia, Pasechnik, Roman, and Wang, Zhi-Wei
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,High Energy Physics - Lattice ,High Energy Physics - Theory - Abstract
We delve deeper into the potential composition of dark matter as stable scalar glueballs from a confining dark $SU(N)$ gauge theory, focusing on $N=\{3,4,5\}$. To predict the relic abundance of glueballs for the various gauge groups and scenarios of thermalization of the dark gluon gas, we employ a thermal effective theory that accounts for the strong-coupling dynamics in agreement with lattice simulations. We compare our methodology with previous works and discuss the possible sources of discrepancy. The results are encouraging and show that glueballs can account for the totality of dark matter in many unconstrained scenarios with a phase transition scale $20$ MeV$\lesssim\Lambda\lesssim10^{10}$ GeV, thus opening the possibility of exciting future studies., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures; update and generalization of arXiv:2207.13716. v2: 12 pages, 6 figures; minor changes to match the published version
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- 2023
- Full Text
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30. Manipulation of Giant Multipole Resonances via Vortex $\gamma$ Photons
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Lu, Zhi-Wei, Guo, Liang, Li, Zheng-Zheng, Ababekri, Mamutjan, Chen, Fang-Qi, Fu, Changbo, Lv, Chong, Xu, Ruirui, Kong, Xiangjin, Niu, Yi-Fei, and Li, Jian-Xing
- Subjects
Nuclear Theory - Abstract
Traditional photonuclear reactions primarily excite giant dipole resonances, making the measurement of isovector giant resonances with higher multipolarties a great challenge. In this work, the manipulation of collective excitations of different multipole transitions in nuclei via vortex $\gamma$ photons has been investigated. We develop the calculation method for photonuclear cross sections induced by the vortex $\gamma$ photon beam using the fully self-consistent random-phase approximation plus particle-vibration coupling (RPA+PVC) model based on Skyrme density functional. We find that the electromagnetic transitions with multipolarity $J< m_\gamma$ are forbidden for vortex $\gamma$ photons due to the angular momentum conservation, with $m_\gamma$ being the projection of total angular momentum of $\gamma$ photon on its propagation direction. For instance, this allows for probing the isovector giant quadrupole resonance without interference from dipole transitions using vortex $\gamma$ photons with $m_\gamma=2$. The electromagnetic transitions with $J>m_\gamma$ are strongly suppressed compared with the plane-wave-$\gamma$-photon case, and even vanish at specific polar angles. Therefore, the giant resonances with specific multipolarity can be extracted via vortex $\gamma$ photons. Moreover, the vortex properties of $\gamma$ photons can be meticulously diagnosed by measuring the nuclear photon-absorption cross section. Our method opens new avenues for photonuclear excitations, generation of coherent $\gamma$ photon laser and precise detection of vortex particles, and consequently, has significant impact on nuclear physics, nuclear astrophysics and strong laser physics.
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- 2023
31. Distinguishing the spins of $P_c(4440)$ and $P_c(4457)$ with femtoscopic correlation functions
- Author
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Liu, Zhi-Wei, Lu, Jun-Xu, Liu, Ming-Zhu, and Geng, Li-Sheng
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
The spins of the pentaquark states $P_c(4440)$ and $P_c(4457)$ play a decisive role in unraveling their nature, but remain undetermined experimentally. Assuming that they are $\Sigma_c\bar{D}^{*}$ bound states, we demonstrate how one can determine their spins by measuring the $\Sigma_c^+\bar{D}^{(*)0}$ correlation functions. We show that one can use the $\Sigma_c^+\bar{D}^0$ correlation function to fix the size of the Gaussian source and then determine the strength of the $\Sigma_c^+\bar{D}^{*0}$ interaction of spin $1/2$ and $3/2$ and therefore the spins of the $P_c(4440)$ and $P_c(4457)$ states. The method proposed can be applied to decipher the nature of other hadronic molecules and thus deepen our understanding of the nonperturbative strong interaction., Comment: to appear in Physical Review D as a letter
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- 2023
32. On an inverse problem for restricted sumsets
- Author
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Luo, Xin-Qi and Sun, Zhi-Wei
- Subjects
Mathematics - Number Theory ,Mathematics - Combinatorics ,11P70, 11B13 - Abstract
Let $n$ be a positive integer, and let $A$ be a set of $k\ge 2n-1$ integers. For the restricted sumset $$ S_n(A)=\{a_1+\cdots +a_n:\ a_1,\ldots,a_n\in A,\ \text{and}\ a_i^2\neq a_j^2\ \text{for} \ 1\le i
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- 2023
33. Maximization of Nonsubmodular Functions under Multiple Constraints with Applications
- Author
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Ye, Lintao, Liu, Zhi-Wei, Chi, Ming, and Gupta, Vijay
- Subjects
Mathematics - Optimization and Control ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control - Abstract
We consider the problem of maximizing a monotone nondecreasing set function under multiple constraints, where the constraints are also characterized by monotone nondecreasing set functions. We propose two greedy algorithms to solve the problem with provable approximation guarantees. The first algorithm exploits the structure of a special class of the general problem instance to obtain a better time complexity. The second algorithm is suitable for the general problem. We characterize the approximation guarantees of the two algorithms, leveraging the notions of submodularity ratio and curvature introduced for set functions. We then discuss particular applications of the general problem formulation to problems that have been considered in the literature. We validate our theoretical results using numerical examples.
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- 2023
34. A new result similar to the Graham-Pollak theorem
- Author
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Sun, Zhi-Wei
- Subjects
Mathematics - Combinatorics ,05C05, 11C20, 05A30, 05C12, 15B36 - Abstract
Let $n>1$ be an integer, and let $T$ be a tree with $n+1$ vertices $v_1,\ldots,v_{n+1}$, where $v_1$ and $v_{n+1}$ are two leaves of $T$. For each edge $e$ of $T$, assign a complex number $w(e)$ as its weight. We obtain that $$\det[x+d(v_{j+1},v_k)]_{1\le j,k\le n}=2^{n-2}\prod_{e\in E(T)}w(e),$$ where $d(v_{j+1},v_k)$ is the weighted distance between $v_{j+1}$ and $v_k$ in the tree $T$. This is similar to the celebrated Graham-Pollak theorem on determinants of distance matrices for trees. Actually, a more general result is deduced in this paper., Comment: 9 pages. For new additions, see the current (1.7) and (1.9)
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- 2023
35. Insight-HXMT and GECAM-C observations of the brightest-of-all-time GRB 221009A
- Author
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An, Zheng-Hua, Antier, S., Bi, Xing-Zi, Bu, Qing-Cui, Cai, Ce, Cao, Xue-Lei, Camisasca, Anna-Elisa, Chang, Zhi, Chen, Gang, Chen, Li, Chen, Tian-Xiang, Chen, Wen, Chen, Yi-Bao, Chen, Yong, Chen, Yu-Peng, Coughlin, Michael W., Cui, Wei-Wei, Dai, Zi-Gao, Hussenot-Desenonges, T., Du, Yan-Qi, Du, Yuan-Yuan, Du, Yun-Fei, Fan, Cheng-Cheng, Frontera, Filippo, Gao, He, Gao, Min, Ge, Ming-Yu, Gong, Ke, Gu, Yu-Dong, Guan, Ju, Guo, Dong-Ya, Guo, Zhi-Wei, Guidorzi, Cristiano, Han, Da-Wei, He, Jian-Jian, He, Jun-Wang, Hou, Dong-Jie, Huang, Yue, Huo, Jia, Ji, Zhen, Jia, Shu-Mei, Jiang, Wei-Chun, Kann, David Alexander, Klotz, A., Kong, Ling-Da, Lan, Lin, Li, An, Li, Bing, Li, Chao-Yang, Li, Cheng-Kui, Li, Gang, Li, Mao-Shun, Li, Ti-Pei, Li, Wei, Li, Xiao-Bo, Li, Xin-Qiao, Li, Xu-Fang, Li, Yan-Guo, Li, Zheng-Wei, Liang, Jing, Liang, Xiao-Hua, Liao, Jin-Yuan, Lin, Lin, Liu, Cong-Zhan, Liu, He-Xin, Liu, Hong-Wei, Liu, Jia-Cong, Liu, Xiao-Jing, Liu, Ya-Qing, Liu, Yu-Rong, Lu, Fang-Jun, Lu, Hong, Lu, Xue-Feng, Luo, Qi, Luo, Tao, Ma, Bin-Yuan, Ma, Fu-Li, Ma, Rui-Can, Ma, Xiang, Maccary, Romain, Mao, Ji-Rong, Meng, Bin, Nie, Jian-Yin, Orlandini, Mauro, Ou, Ge, Peng, Jing-Qiang, Peng, Wen-Xi, Qiao, Rui, Qu, Jin-Lu, Ren, Xiao-Qin, Shi, Jing-Yan, Shi, Qi, Song, Li-Ming, Song, Xin-Ying, Su, Ju, Sun, Gong-Xing, Sun, Liang, Sun, Xi-Lei, Tan, Wen-Jun, Tan, Ying, Tao, Lian, Tuo, You-Li, Turpin, Damien, Wang, Jin-Zhou, Wang, Chen, Wang, Chen-Wei, Wang, Hong-Jun, Wang, Hui, Wang, Jin, Wang, Ling-Jun, Wang, Peng-Ju, Wang, Ping, Wang, Wen-Shuai, Wang, Xiang-Yu, Wang, Xi-Lu, Wang, Yu-Sa, Wang, Yue, Wen, Xiang-Yang, Wu, Bo-Bing, Wu, Bai-Yang, Wu, Hong, Xiao, Sheng-Hui, Xiao, Shuo, Xiao, Yun-Xiang, Xie, Sheng-Lun, Xiong, Shao-Lin, Xiong, Sen-Lin, Xu, Dong, Xu, He, Xu, Yan-Jun, Xu, Yan-Bing, Xu, Ying-Chen, Xu, Yu-Peng, Xue, Wang-Chen, Yang, Sheng, Yang, Yan-Ji, Yang, Zi-Xu, Ye, Wen-Tao, Yi, Qi-Bin, Yi, Shu-Xu, Yin, Qian-Qing, You, Yuan, Yu, Yun-Wei, Yu, Wei, Yu, Wen-Hui, Zeng, Ming, Zhang, Bing, Zhang, Bin-Bin, Zhang, Da-Li, Zhang, Fan, Zhang, Hong-Mei, Zhang, Juan, Zhang, Liang, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Shuang-Nan, Zhang, Wan-Chang, Zhang, Xiao-Feng, Zhang, Xiao-Lu, Zhang, Yan-Qiu, Zhang, Yan-Ting, Zhang, Yi-Fei, Zhang, Yuan-Hang, Zhang, Zhen, Zhao, Guo-Ying, Zhao, Hai-Sheng, Zhao, Hong-Yu, Zhao, Qing-Xia, Zhao, Shu-Jie, Zhao, Xiao-Yun, Zhao, Xiao-Fan, Zhao, Yi, Zheng, Chao, Zheng, Shi-Jie, Zhou, Deng-Ke, Zhou, Xing, and Zhu, Xiao-Cheng
- Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
GRB 221009A is the brightest gamma-ray burst ever detected since the discovery of this kind of energetic explosions. However, an accurate measurement of the prompt emission properties of this burst is very challenging due to its exceptional brightness. With joint observations of \textit{Insight}-HXMT and GECAM-C, we made an unprecedentedly accurate measurement of the emission during the first $\sim$1800 s of GRB 221009A, including its precursor, main emission (ME, which dominates the burst in flux), flaring emission and early afterglow, in the hard X-ray to soft gamma-ray band from $\sim$ 10 keV to $\sim$ 6 MeV. Based on the GECAM-C unsaturated data of the ME, we measure a record-breaking isotropic equivalent energy ($E_{\rm iso}$) of $\bf \sim 1.5 \times 10^{55}$ erg, which is about eight times the total rest-mass energy of the Sun. The early afterglow data require a significant jet break between 650 s and 1100 s, most likely at $\sim950$ s from the afterglow starting time $T_{AG}$, which corresponds to a jet opening angle of $\sim {0.7^\circ} \ (\eta_\gamma n)^{1/8}$, where $n$ is the ambient medium density in units of $\rm cm^{-3}$ and $\eta_\gamma$ is the ratio between $\gamma$-ray energy and afterglow kinetic energy. The beaming-corrected total $\gamma$-ray energy $E_{\gamma}$ is $\sim 1.15 \times10^{51} \ (\eta_\gamma n)^{1/4}$ erg, which is typical for long GRBs. These results suggest that this GRB may have a special central engine, which could launch and collimate a very narrowly beamed jet with an ordinary energy budget, leading to exceptionally luminous gamma-ray radiation per unit solid angle. Alternatively, more GRBs might have such a narrow and bright beam, which are missed by an unfavorable viewing angle or have been detected without distance measurement., Comment: Submitted to National Science Review. This paper is under press embargo, contact the corresponding author for details
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- 2023
36. Cross calibration of gamma-ray detectors (GRD) of GECAM-C
- Author
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Zhang, Yan-Qiu, Xiong, Shao-Lin, Qiao, Rui, Guo, Dong-Ya, Peng, Wen-Xi, Li, Xin-Qiao, Xue, Wang-Chen, Zheng, Chao, Liu, Jia-Cong, Tan, Wen-Jun, Wang, Chen-Wei, Zhang, Peng, Wang, Ping, Cai, Ce, Xiao, Shuo, Huang, Yue, Feng, Pei-Yi, Li, Xiao-Bo, Song, Li-Ming, Yi, Qi-Bin, Zhao, Yi, Guo, Zhi-Wei, He, Jian-Jian, Li, Chao-Yang, Liu, Ya-Qing, Gong, Ke, Du, Yan-Qi, Liu, Xiao-Jing, Xie, Sheng-Lun, Zhao, Guo-Ying, Zhao, Xiao-Yun, Zhang, Xiao-Lu, Zhang, Zhen, Zheng, Shi-Jie, Wang, Jin, Wen, Xiang-Yang, An, Zheng-Hua, Zhang, Da-Li, Gao, Min, Sun, Xi-Lei, Liang, Xiao-Hua, Yang, Sheng, Wang, Jin-Zhou, Chen, Gang, and Zhang, Fan
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
The gamma-ray detectors (GRDs) of GECAM-C onborad SATech-01 satellite is designed to monitor gamma-ray transients all over the sky from 6 keV to 6 MeV. The energy response matrix is the key to do spectral measurements of bursts, which is usually generated from GEANT4 simulation and partially verified by the ground calibration. In this work, energy response matrix of GECAM-C GRD is cross-calibrated with Fermi/GBM and Swift/BAT using a sample of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) and Soft Gamma-Ray Repeaters (SGRs). The calibration results show there is a good agreement between GECAM-C and other reasonably well calibrated instrument (i.e. Fermi/GBM and Swift/BAT). We also find that different GRD detectors of GECAM-C also show consistency with each other. All these results indicate that GECAM-C GRD can provide reliable spectral measurements., Comment: preliminary version, will be updated soon
- Published
- 2023
37. Byzantine-Resilient Multi-Agent Distributed Exact Optimization with Less Data
- Author
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Zhai, Yang, Liu, Zhi-Wei, Yue, Dong, Hu, Songlin, and Xie, Xiangpeng
- Subjects
Mathematics - Optimization and Control ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control - Abstract
This paper studies the distributed multi-agent resilient optimization problem under the f-total Byzantine attacks. Compared with the previous work on Byzantineresilient multi-agent exact optimization problems, we do not require the communication topology to be fully connected. Under the redundancy of cost functions, we propose the distributed comparative gradient elimination resilient optimization algorithm based on the traditional assumptions on strongly convex global costs and Lipschitz continuous gradients. Under this algorithm, we successfully prove that if the number of inneighbors of each normal agent is greater than some constant and the parameter f satisfies certain conditions, all normal agents' local estimations of the global variable will finally reach consensus and converge to the optimized solution. Finally, the numerical experiments successfully verify the correctness of the results., Comment: There are some errors in the provement of this paper
- Published
- 2023
38. Burst search method based on likelihood ratio in Poisson Statistics
- Author
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Cai, Ce, Xiong, Shao-Lin, Xue, Wang-Chen, Zhao, Yi, Xiao, Shuo, Yi, Qi-Bin, Guo, Zhi-Wei, Liu, Jia-Cong, Zhang, Yan-Qiu, Zheng, Chao, Xie, Sheng-Lun, Du, Yan-Qi, Zhao, Xiao-Yun, Li, Cheng-Kui, Wang, Ping, Peng, Wen-Xi, Zheng, Shi-Jie, Song, Li-Ming, Li, Xin-Qiao, Wen, Xiang-Yang, and Zhang, Fan
- Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
Searching for X-ray and gamma-ray bursts, including Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), Soft Gamma-ray Repeaters (SGRs) and high energy transients associated with Gravitational wave (GW) events or Fast radio bursts (FRBs), is of great importance in the multi-messenger and multi-wavelength era. Although a coherent search based on the likelihood ratio and Gaussian statistics has been established and utilized in many studies, this Gaussian-based method could be problematic for weak and short bursts which usually have very few counts. To deal with all bursts including weak ones, here we propose the coherent search in Poisson statistics. We studied the difference between Poisson-based and Gaussian-based search methods by Monte Carlo simulations, and find that the Poisson-based search method has advantages compared to the Gaussian case especially for weak bursts. Our results show that, for very weak bursts with very low number of counts, the Poisson-based search can provide higher significance than the Gaussian-based search, and its likelihood ratio (for background fluctuation) still generally follows the chi2 distribution, making the significance estimation of searched bursts very convenient. Thus, we suggest that the coherent search based on Poisson likelihood ratio is more appropriate in the search for generic transients including very weak ones., Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Asymptotic Ultraviolet-safe Unification of Gauge and Yukawa Couplings: The exceptional case
- Author
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Cacciapaglia, Giacomo, Deandrea, Aldo, Pasechnik, Roman, and Wang, Zhi-Wei
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory - Abstract
The ultimate dream of unification models consists in combining both gauge and Yukawa couplings into one unified coupling. This is achieved by using a supersymmetric exceptional ${\rm E}_6$ gauge symmetry together with asymptotic unification in compact five-dimensional space-time. The ultraviolet fixed point requires exactly three fermion generations: one in the bulk, and the two light ones localised on the ${\rm SO}(10)$ boundary in order to cancel gauge anomalies. A second option allows to preserve baryon number and to lower the compactification scale down to the typical scales of the intermediate Pati-Salam gauge theory., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, supplementary material appended to the main file
- Published
- 2023
40. On determinants involving second-order recurrent sequences
- Author
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Sun, Zhi-Wei
- Subjects
Mathematics - Number Theory ,Mathematics - Combinatorics ,11B39, 11C20, 05C05, 15B05 - Abstract
Let $A$ and $B$ be complex numbers, and let $(w_n)_{n\ge0}$ be a sequence of complex numbers with $w_{n+1}=Aw_n-Bw_{n-1}$ for all $n=1,2,3,\ldots$. When $w_0=0$ and $w_1=1$, the sequence $(w_n)_{n\ge0}$ is just the Lucas sequence $(u_n(A,B))_{n\ge0}$. In this paper, we evaluate the determinants $$\det[w_{|j-k|}]_{1\le j,k\le n}\ \ \text{and}\ \ \det[w_{|j-k+1|}]_{1\le j,k\le n}.$$ In particular, we have $$\det[u_{|j-k|}(A,B)]_{1\le j,k\le n}=(-1)^{n-1}u_{n-1}(2A,(B+1)^2).$$ When $B=-1$ and $2\mid n$, we also determine the characteristic polynomial of the matrix $[w_{j+k}]_{0\le j,k\le n-1}$., Comment: 14 pages. Add Theorems 1.3 and 1.4
- Published
- 2023
41. Simulation study on the optical processes at deep-sea neutrino telescope sites
- Author
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Hu, Fan, Wei, Zhenyu, Tian, Wei, Ye, Ziping, Zhang, Fuyudi, Sun, Zhengyang, Zhi, Wei, Chang, Qichao, Xue, Qiao, Li, Zhuo, and Xu, Donglian
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
The performance of a large-scale water Cherenkov neutrino telescope relies heavily on the transparency of the surrounding water, quantified by its level of light absorption and scattering. A pathfinder experiment was carried out to measure the optical properties of deep seawater in South China Sea with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as light sources, photon multiplier tubes (PMTs) and cameras as photon sensors. Here, we present an optical simulation program employing the Geant4 toolkit to understand the absorption and scattering processes in the deep seawater, which helps to extract the underlying optical properties from the experimental data. The simulation results are compared with the experimental data and show good agreements. We also verify the analysis methods that utilize various observables of the PMTs and the cameras with this simulation program, which can be easily adapted by other neutrino telescope pathfinder experiments and future large-scale detectors., Comment: 27 pages, 11 figures
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Study of the $DK$ interaction with femtoscopic correlation functions
- Author
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Liu, Zhi-Wei, Lu, Jun-Xu, and Geng, Li-Sheng
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear Experiment ,Nuclear Theory - Abstract
The $DK$ interaction in isospin zero is known to be attractive to such an extent that a bound state can be generated, which can be associated with the mysterious $D_{s0}^*(2317)$. In this work, we calculate the $DK$ femtoscopic correlation function in the coupled-channel framework for different source sizes that can directly probe the strongly attractive $DK$ interaction, which is otherwise inaccessible due to the unstable nature of $D$ and $K$ mesons, and therefore can help elucidate the nature of $D_{s0}^*(2317)$. We further generalize the study of source size dependence to various interactions, ranging from repulsive, weakly attractive, moderately attractive, and strongly attractive, in a square-well model. We hope that our study can motivate future experimental measurements of the $DK$ correlation function and other interactions relevant to the understanding of the nature of the many exotic hadrons discovered so far., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures; clarifications added and discussions refined, to appear in Physical Review D
- Published
- 2023
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43. A non-vanishing result on the singularity category
- Author
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Chen, Xiao-Wu, Li, Zhi-Wei, Zhang, Xiaojin, and Zhao, Zhibing
- Subjects
Mathematics - Representation Theory - Abstract
We prove that a virtually periodic object in an abelian category gives rise to a non-vanishing result on certain Hom groups in the singularity category. Consequently, for any artin algebra with infinite global dimension, its singularity category has no silting subcategory, and the associated differential graded Leavitt algebra has a non-vanishing cohomology in each degree. We verify the Singular Presilting Conjecture for singularly-minimal algebras and ultimately-closed algebras. We obtain a trichotomy on the Hom-finiteness of the cohomology of differential graded Leavitt algebras.
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- 2023
44. Diagnosis of ultrafast ultraintense laser pulse characteristics by machine-learning-assisted electron spin
- Author
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Lu, Zhi-Wei, Hou, Xin-Di, Wan, Feng, Salamin, Yousef I., Lv, Chong, Zhang, Bo, Wang, Fei, Xu, Zhong-Feng, and Li, Jian-Xing
- Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics - Abstract
Rapid development of ultrafast ultraintense laser technologies continues to create opportunities for studying strong-field physics under extreme conditions. However, accurate determination of the spatial and temporal characteristics of a laser pulse is still a great challenge, especially when laser powers higher than hundreds of terawatts are involved. In this paper, by utilizing the radiative spin-flip effect, we find that the spin depolarization of an electron beam can be employed to diagnose characteristics of ultrafast ultraintense lasers with peak intensities around $10^{20}$-$10^{22}$~W/cm$^2$. With three shots, our machine-learning-assisted model can predict, simultaneously, the pulse duration, peak intensity, and focal radius of a focused Gaussian ultrafast ultraintense laser (in principle, the profile can be arbitrary) with relative errors of $0.1\%$-$10\%$. The underlying physics and an alternative diagnosis method (without the assistance of machine learning) are revealed by the asymptotic approximation of the final spin degree of polarization. Our proposed scheme exhibits robustness and detection accuracy with respect to fluctuations in the electron beam parameters. Accurate measurements of the ultrafast ultraintense laser parameters will lead to much higher precision in, for example, laser nuclear physics investigations and laboratory astrophysics studies. Robust machine learning techniques may also find applications in more general strong-field physics scenarios.
- Published
- 2022
45. Operational Entanglement Detection Based on $\Lambda$-Moments
- Author
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Wang, Ke-Ke, Wei, Zhi-Wei, and Fei, Shao-Ming
- Subjects
Quantum Physics - Abstract
We introduce $\Lambda$-moments with respect to any positive map $\Lambda$. We show that these $\Lambda$-moments can effectively characterize the entanglement of unknown quantum states without theirs prior reconstructions. Based on $\Lambda$-moments necessary and sufficient separability criteria, as well as necessary optimized criteria are presented, which include the ones in [\href{https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.060504}{Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{127}, 060504 (2021)}] as special cases. Detailed example is given to show that our criteria can detect bound entanglement that can not be identified by positive partial transpose criterion, with the explicit measurement operators to experimentally measure the corresponding $\Lambda$-moments., Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. On congruences involving Ap\'ery numbers
- Author
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Xia, Wei and Sun, Zhi-Wei
- Subjects
Mathematics - Number Theory ,Mathematics - Combinatorics ,11B65, 11A07, 05A10, 11B39 - Abstract
In this paper, we mainly establish a congruence for a sum involving Ap\'{e}ry numbers, which was conjectured by Z.-W. Sun. Namely, for any prime $p>3$ and positive odd integer $m$, we prove that there is a $p$-adic integer $c_m$ only depending on $m$ such that $$\sum_{k=0}^{p-1}(2k+1)^{m}(-1)^kA_k\equiv c_mp\left(\frac{p}{3}\right)\pmod{p^3},$$ where $A_k=\sum_{j=0}^{k}\binom{k}{j}^2\binom{k+j}{j}^2$ is the Ap\'{e}ry number and $(\frac{\cdot}{p})$ is the Legendre symbol., Comment: 12 pages
- Published
- 2022
47. $\alpha$-cluster decay from $^{24}$Mg resonances produced in $^{12}$C($^{16}$O,$^{24}$Mg)$\alpha$ reaction
- Author
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Wang, Dong-Xi, Ye, Yan-Lin, Lin, Cheng-Jian, Chen, Jia-Hao, Ma, Kai, Han, Jia-Xing, Jia, Hui-Ming, Yang, Lei, Yang, Li-Sheng, Hu, Zi-Yao, Chen, Ying, Pu, Wei-Liang, Li, Gen, Tan, Zhi-Wei, Zhu, Hong-Yu, Luo, Tian-Peng, Zhong, Shan-Hao, Huang, Da-Hu, Lou, Jian-Ling, Yang, Xiao-Fei, Li, Qi-Te, Xu, Jin-Yan, Yang, Zai-Hong, and Wei, Kang
- Subjects
Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
A transfer reaction and cluster-decay experiment, $^{12}$C($^{16}$O,$^{24}$Mg$\rightarrow$$\alpha$+$^{20}$Ne)$\alpha$, was performed at a beam energy of 96 MeV. Both recoil and decay $\alpha$ particles were detected in coincidence, allowing us to deduce the energy-momentum of a $^{20}$Ne fragment. A number of resonant states of $^{24}$Mg were reconstructed up to an excitation energy of approximately 30 MeV. Owing to the experimentally achieved excellent resolutions of the $Q$-value and excitation-energy spectra, the relative decay widths for each resonant state in $^{24}$Mg to various final states of $^{20}$Ne were extracted, alone with the total decay width. The obtained results provide good testing ground for theoretical descriptions of the multiple clustering configurations in $^{24}$Mg.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. GECAM Localization of High Energy Transients and the Systematic Error
- Author
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Zhao, Yi, Xue, Wang-Chen, Xiong, Shao-Lin, Wang, Yuan-Hao, Liu, Jia-Cong, Liuo, Qi, Zhang, Yan-Qiu, Sun, Jian-Chao, Zhao, Xiao-Yun, Cai, Ce, Xiao, Shuo, Huang, Yue, Li, Xiao-Bo, Zhang, Zhen, Liao, Jin-Yuan, Yang, Sheng, Qiao, Rui, Guo, Dong-Ya, Zheng, Chao, Yi, Qi-Bin, Xie, Sheng-Lun, Guo, Zhi-Wei, Li, Chao-Yang, Wang, Chen-Wei, Tan, Wen-Jun, Wang, Yue, Peng, Wen-Xi, Zheng, Shi-Jie, He, Jian-Jian, Wang, Ping, Wang, Jin, Ma, Xiang, Song, Xin-Ying, Zhang, Hong-Mei, Li, Bing, Zhang, Peng, Wu, Hong, Du, Yan-Qi, Liang, Jing, Zhao, Guo-Ying, Li, Xin-Qiao, Wen, Xiang-Yang, An, Zheng-Hua, Sun, Xi-Lei, Xu, Yan-Bing, Zhang, Fan, Zhang, Da-Li, Gong, Ke, Liu, Ya-Qing, Liang, Xiao-Hua, Liu, Xiao-Jing, Gao, Min, Wang, Jin-Zhou, Song, Li-Ming, Chen, Gang, Zhang, Ke-Ke, Han, Xing-Bo, Wu, Hai-Yan, Hu, Tai, Geng, Hao, Lu, Fang-Jun, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Shuang-Nan, Lu, Gao-Peng, Zeng, Ming, and Yu, Heng
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
Gravitational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM) is a pair of microsatellites (i.e. GECAM-A and GECAM-B) dedicated to monitoring gamma-ray transients including gravitational waves high-energy electromagnetic counterparts, Gamma-ray Bursts, Soft Gamma-ray Repeaters, Solar Flares and Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes. Since launch in December 2020, GECAM-B has detected hundreds of astronomical and terrestrial events. For these bursts, localization is the key for burst identification and classification as well as follow-up observations in multi-wavelength. Here, we propose a Bayesian localization method with Poisson data with Gaussian background profile likelihood to localize GECAM bursts based on the burst counts distribution in detectors with different orientations. We demonstrate that this method can work well for all kinds of bursts, especially for extremely short ones. In addition, we propose a new method to estimate the systematic error of localization based on a confidence level test, which can overcome some problems of the existing method in literature. We validate this method by Monte Carlo simulations, and then apply it to a burst sample with accurate location and find that the mean value of the systematic error of GECAM-B localization is $\sim 2.5^{\circ}$. By considering this systematic error, we can obtain a reliable localization probability map for GECAM bursts. Our methods can be applied to other gamma-ray monitors., Comment: The paper has been accepted by Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Gravitational Waves from dark composite dynamics
- Author
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Reichert, Manuel and Wang, Zhi-Wei
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,High Energy Physics - Lattice ,High Energy Physics - Theory - Abstract
We discuss the stochastic gravitational-wave spectrum from dark confinement and chiral phase transitions in the early Universe. Specifically, we look at pure Yang-Mills theory for an arbitrary number of colours as well as SU(3) with quarks in different representations. We utilise thermodynamic lattice data and map it to effective models, such as the Polyakov-loop and the PNJL model. This allows us to compute gravitational-wave parameters and the corresponding gravitational-wave signal. We compare the signal to future gravitational-wave observatories such as the Big Bang Observer and DECIGO., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, contribution to the proceedings of the XVth Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum conference at the University of Stavanger
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Legendre symbols related to certain determinants
- Author
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Luo, Xin-Qi and Sun, Zhi-Wei
- Subjects
Mathematics - Number Theory ,11C20, 11A15, 11B39, 11T99, 15A15 - Abstract
Let $p$ be an odd prime. For $b,c\in\mathbb Z$, Sun introduced the determinant $$D_p(b,c)=\left|(i^2+bij+cj^2)^{p-2}\right|_{1\leqslant i,j \leqslant p-1},$$ and investigated the Legendre symbol $(\frac{D_p(b,c)}p)$. Recently Wu, She and Ni proved that $(\frac{D_p(1,1)}p)=(\frac {-2}p)$ if $p\equiv2\pmod 3$, which confirms a previous conjecture of Sun. In this paper we determine $(\frac{D_p(1,1)}p)$ in the case $p\equiv1\pmod3$. Sun proved that $D_p(2,2)\equiv0\pmod p$ if $p\equiv3\pmod4$, in contrast we prove that $(\frac{D_p(2,2)}p)=1$ if $p\equiv1\pmod8$, and $(\frac{D_p(2,2)}p)=0$ if $p\equiv5\pmod8$. Our tools include generalized trinomial coefficients and Lucas sequences., Comment: 20 pages
- Published
- 2022
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