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The non-contact infrared thermometer (NCIT) is an important basic tool for fever screening and self-health monitoring. However, it is susceptible to the thermal shock when working in a low temperature environment, which will cause a time-consuming and inaccurate human body temperature measurements. To overcome the effects of thermal shock, a hybrid temperature compensation method combining hardware and algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the principle of infrared temperature measurement is described and the influence of thermal shock on infrared thermometer is analyzed. Then, the hybrid temperature compensation scheme is constructed by mounting a heating ring on the infrared sensor shell, and using the proportional integral derivative (PID) algorithm and the pulse width modulation (PWM) technology to control it heating. In this way, the internal ambient temperature of infrared sensor can be raised rapidly closing to the external ambient temperature, and the stable outputs of the infrared sensor are also accelerated. Finally, some experiments are carried out in a laboratory. The results show that the proposed method can quickly and accurately measure the temperature of standard black body when the ambient temperatures are 5 , 15 and 25 Celsius respectively, the measurement error is only 0.2 Celsius , and the measurement time is less than 2 seconds. This study would be beneficial to improve performance of NCIT, especially the infrared ear thermometer.

The partition of irreversible heating between ions and electrons in compressively driven (but subsonic) collisionless turbulence is investigated by means of nonlinear hybrid gyrokinetic simulations. We derive a prescription for the ion-to-electron heating ratio $Q_\rmi/Q_\rme$ as a function of the compressive-to-Alfv\'enic driving power ratio $P_\compr/P_\AW$, of the ratio of ion thermal pressure to magnetic pressure $\beta_\rmi$, and of the ratio of ion-to-electron background temperatures $T_\rmi/T_\rme$. It is shown that $Q_\rmi/Q_\rme$ is an increasing function of $P_\compr/P_\AW$. When the compressive driving is sufficiently large, $Q_\rmi/Q_\rme$ approaches $\simeq P_\compr/P_\AW$. This indicates that, in turbulence with large compressive fluctuations, the partition of heating is decided at the injection scales, rather than at kinetic scales. Analysis of phase-space spectra shows that the energy transfer from inertial-range compressive fluctuations to sub-Larmor-scale kinetic Alfv\'en waves is absent for both low and high $\beta_\rmi$, meaning that the compressive driving is directly connected to the ion entropy fluctuations, which are converted into ion thermal energy. This result suggests that preferential electron heating is a very special case requiring low $\beta_\rmi$ and no, or weak, compressive driving. Our heating prescription has wide-ranging applications, including to the solar wind and to hot accretion disks such as M87 and Sgr A*., Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. X

The atomic-level tunability that results from alloying multiple transition metals with d electrons in concentrated solid solution alloys (CSAs), including high-entropy alloys (HEAs), has produced remarkable properties for advanced energy applications, in particular, damage resistance in high-radiation environments. The key to understanding CSAs radiation performance is quantitatively characterizing their complex local physical and chemical environments. In this study, the local structure of a FeCoNiCrPd HEA is quantitatively analyzed with X-ray total scattering and extended X-ray absorption fine structure methods. Compared to FeCoNiCr and FeCoNiCrMn, FeCoNiCrPd with a quasi-random alloy structure has a strong local lattice distortion, which effectively pins radiation-induced defects. Distinct from a relaxation behavior in FeCoNiCr and FeCoNiCrMn, ion irradiation further enhanced the local lattice distortion in FeCoNiCrPd due to a preference for forming Pd-Pd atomic pairs.

Quantum walks are expected to serve important modelling and algorithmic applications in many areas of science and mathematics. Although quantum walks have been successfully implemented physically in recent times, no major efforts have been made to combat the error associated with these physical implementations in a fault-tolerant manner. In this paper, we propose a systematic method to implement fault-tolerant quantum walks in discrete time on arbitrarily complex graphs, using quantum states encoded with the Steane code and a set of universal fault tolerant matrix operations.

In this paper, we present a numerical technique for performing Lie advection of arbitrary differential forms. Leveraging advances in high-resolution finite volume methods for scalar hyperbolic conservation laws, we first discretize the interior product (also called contraction) through integrals over Eulerian approximations of extrusions. This, along with Cartan's homotopy formula and a discrete exterior derivative, can then be used to derive a discrete Lie derivative. The usefulness of this operator is demonstrated through the numerical advection of scalar fields and 1-forms on regular grids., Comment: Accepted version; to be published in J. FoCM

Using the cavity method and diagrammatic methods, we model the dynamics of batch learning of restricted sets of examples, widely applicable to general learning cost functions, and fully taking into account the temporal correlations introduced by the recycling of the examples., Comment: 4 pages