74,763 results on '"TECHNOLOGY"'
Search Results
2. Technology—Boon or Bane for Library Managers.
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Holley, Robert P.
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ARTIFICIAL intelligence , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations , *COMPUTER engineering , *LIBRARIES - Abstract
By comparing management in 1987 with today, this column examines the differences for library managers as technology including computers and the Internet has become an integral part of their lives. Technology has made completing many managerial functions easier and erased the barriers of time and space. Communication has become almost instantaneous. Opportunities for learning are now global. On the other hand, the time required to manage and effectively use technology has reduced time devoted to other tasks. The work-free weekend has disappeared; products must have a slick professional look; and form has sometimes become more important than content. Contemporary library managers must focus both for themselves and for their staff on ways to use technology effectively in meeting library goals. Returning to an idyllic fictionalized past is impossible, especially now that artificial intelligence will likely bring another cycle of radical changes. Library managers will need flexibility, experimentation, and harsh critical evaluation of results to achieve success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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3. From ChatGPT to CatGPT: The Implications of Artificial Intelligence on Library Cataloging.
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Brzustowicz, Richard
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PUBLISHING , *LABOR productivity , *USER interfaces , *ARTIFICIAL intelligence , *CATALOGING , *WORKFLOW , *TECHNOLOGY , *LIBRARY automation , *DIFFUSION of innovations - Abstract
This paper explores the potential of language models such as ChatGPT to transform library cataloging. Through experiments with ChatGPT, the author demonstrates its ability to generate accurate MARC records using RDA and other standards such as the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set. These results demonstrate the potential of ChatGPT as a tool for streamlining the record creation process and improving efficiency in library settings. The use of AI-generated records, however, also raises important questions related to intellectual property rights and bias. The paper reviews recent studies on AI in libraries and concludes that further research and development of this innovative technology is necessary to ensure its responsible implementation in the field of library cataloging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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4. Current Technologies and Practices to Assess External Training Load in Paralympic Sport: A Systematic Review.
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Stieler, Eduardo, de Mello, Marco T., Lôbo, Ingrid L.B., Gonçalves, Dawit A., Resende, Renan, Andrade, André G., Lourenço, Thiago F., Silva, Anselmo A.C., Andrade, Henrique A., Guerreiro, Renato, and Silva, Andressa
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PATIENT monitoring equipment , *PROFESSIONAL practice , *ONLINE information services , *RESISTANCE training , *GLOBAL Positioning System , *SPORTS for people with disabilities , *WHEELCHAIR sports , *PHYSICAL training & conditioning , *INDUSTRIAL psychology , *RESEARCH funding , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *TRANSDUCERS , *HEART rate monitoring , *TECHNOLOGY , *MEDLINE , *SPORTS events , *ATHLETIC ability - Abstract
Context: Knowing the methods to assess the external load in Paralympic sports can help multidisciplinary teams rely on scientific evidence to better prescribe and monitor the athlete's development, improving sports performance and reducing the risk of injury/illness of Paralympic athletes. Objectives: This review aimed to systematically explore the current practices of quantifying the external load in Paralympic sports and provide an overview of the methods and techniques used. Evidence Acquisition: A search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO was carried out until November 2022. The measures of interest were objective methods for quantifying the external load of training or competition. The inclusion criteria for the studies were as follows: (1) peer-reviewed article; (2) the population were Paralympic athletes; (3) evaluated during training or competition; (4) reported at least one external load measure; and (5) published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. Evidence Synthesis: Of the 1961 articles found, 22 were included because they met the criteria, and 8 methods were identified to quantify the external load in training or competition in 8 Paralympic sports. The methods varied according to the characteristics of the Paralympic sports. To date, the devices used included an internal radiofrequency-based tracking system (wheelchair rugby) a miniaturized data logger (wheelchair tennis, basketball, and rugby); a linear position transducer (powerlifting and wheelchair basketball); a camera (swimming, goalball, and wheelchair rugby); a global positioning system (wheelchair tennis); heart rate monitors that assess external load variables in set (paracycling and swimming) and an electronic timer (swimming). Conclusions: Different objective methods were identified to assess the external load in Paralympic sports. However, few studies showed the validity and reliability of these methods. Further studies are needed to compare different methods of external load quantification in other Paralympic sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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5. Women and STEM skills for innovation and technological entrepreneurship.
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Terán-Bustamante, Antonia, Martínez-Velasco, Antonieta, and de La Torre-Díaz, Lorena
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP , *WOMEN in technology , *MACHINE learning , *CRITICAL success factor , *EQUAL pay for equal work - Abstract
The role of women in innovation and technological entrepreneurship is fundamental in all countries. However, there are two key factors that decision-makers and public policymakers must consider; the first factor is related to the presence of women in the university and professional fields in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) and the skills that derive from it. The second relevant factor is stereotypes. Female entrepreneurship Professional Field, Pension, equal pay for equal work, marriage rights, and region/country. Gender and generate more innovation and jobs. This research aims to analyze the STEM competencies and entrepreneurship carried out by women and highlight the most relevant factors to reduce the gap. The methodological strategy is based on the use of machine learning techniques for which three databases were used: two from the World Bank Women, Business and the Law, another on business and law from the World Bank, and another on education from UNESCO, with emphasis on STEM competencies. The results show that women's most significant focus on STEM careers is in the health sciences, and the one that offers the lowest degree is engineering. It is also evident that the critical factors for the incursion of women as entrepreneurs in technological sectors are professional field, pension, equal pay for equal work, marriage rights, and region/country, and in these, some stereotypes are present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
6. The Future of Women in Technology: Challenges and Recommendations.
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Oldfield, Marie, Brett, Jan, Baxter, Lynn, Bacon, Liz, Ward, Joan, and Ross, Margaret
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WOMEN in technology , *AUTOMATION , *SEX discrimination , *EMPIRICAL research , *ROLE models - Abstract
When only women turn up to a panel on challenges for women in technology, how do we then reach out to industry, academia and government to encourage them to listen to the current challenges experienced by women in tech. Technology is rapidly changing and we are seeing women disadvantaged by less training opportunities, lack of role models, perceived penalties for taking time off to have children or discharge caring responsibilities as well as the risk that their jobs are subject to more automation. Multiple workshops at the Institute of Science and Technology highlighted significant challenges for women in tech, the data from our empirical study illustrates these challenges in detail. With the workplace still male dominated and the landscape changing rapidly, women have a significant role to play and we need to ensure that role is not only facilitated but the existing challenges are mitigated. This is a discussion paper with empirical data that illustrates challenges currently experienced by women in tech and how we can move forward to ensure not only equal opportunity but remove some of the challenges currently experienced. In this paper we have not considered the same impact on men who take career breaks for reasons of caring responsibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
7. Empowering Women for Technology Entrepreneurship: Opportunities and Challenges.
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Ndou, Valentina, Mele, Gioconda, Hysa, Eglantina, and Mansi, Egla
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WOMEN'S empowerment , *WOMEN in technology , *ENTREPRENEURSHIP , *DIGITAL technology , *CONTENT analysis - Abstract
This paper aims to underline how the new emerging digital technologies could empower women entrepreneurship by supporting them in overcoming the constraints they face as well as in creating a more favorable network environment. We will do this by analyzing the state of the art of the research regarding entrepreneurship practices by women considering the literature that has focused on this theme up to now. Methodology - A structured literature review methodology is going to be applied to this paper. Through the use of specific keywords, we analyzed Scopus documents published up to now on the theme related to Women and technology entrepreneurship. Several steps have been followed to perform a systematic, transparent, and replicable study. We used the VOSviewer tool for bibliographic and cluster analysis. A final content analysis was performed to identify research areas. Findings - Specifically the contribution and the impact provided by the Digital Technologies is analyzed for women's entrepreneurship. A conceptual discussion on how the Digital Technologies opportunities in overcoming some of the constrains women tackle in their entrepreneurship process and which are the main research streams that emerge for future investigation on the theme, is provided. Practical implications - The major implication is to advance knowledge and practice in the area of gender in management and use of Digital Technologies by focusing upon empirical research, theoretical developments, practice and current issues. Benefits are related to a beter understanding of the debate on "Gender and Management" themes by reconsidering networking activities with social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
8. Learning to Live with Privacy-Preserving Analytics: Seeking to close the gap between research and real-world applications of PPAs.
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Acquisti, Alessandro and Steed, Ryan
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DATA privacy , *DATA analysis , *TECHNOLOGY , *RIGHT of privacy , *MACHINE learning - Abstract
The article discusses various aspects of privacy-preserving analytics (PPAs), and it mentions how PPAs deal with the privacy rights of individuals in relation to analyses of the individuals' data. According to the article, privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs) are tools and methods that are implemented to protect users' privacy. Federated learning, which is a class of machine learning, is assessed, along with controversies involving PPAs.
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- 2023
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9. Community-Driven Programming: Offering Coding and Robotics Classes in your Library.
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Carrier, Mary
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COURSE evaluation (Education) , *WORK , *LIBRARIES , *CURRICULUM , *ROBOTICS , *HUMAN services programs , *COMMUNITY-based social services , *EXPERIENTIAL learning , *TECHNOLOGY , *CURRICULUM planning , *MEDICAL coding , *WORLD Wide Web - Abstract
Mary Carrier serves as the Technology & Growth Specialist for the four counties of the Mohawk Valley Library System in Schenectady, New York. Prior to this position, Mary dedicated over 15 years to teaching digital literacy and technology trends at the Clifton Park-Halfmoon Public Library, a suburban public library that has over 40,000 registered patrons and 1,500 visitors per day. The community has a strong presence in youth and family programs and is a popular place for teens and children to learn, play, and create. In 2015, she began offering coding and STEM classes to children and teens at the library and in the community as outreach programs. Mary will share her expertise in technology programming for children and teens and the importance of planning, preparing, and testing curriculum for coding and robotics classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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10. The future of technology: Lessons from China.
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Wang, Maya, Kaltheuner, Frederike, and Klasing, Amanda
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DIGITAL technology , *HUMAN rights violations , *AUTHORITARIANISM ,CHINA-United States relations - Abstract
As the competition between the US and China heats up in the realm of technology, the US media has been increasingly portraying it as a simplistic battle between democracy and authoritarianism. This article, however, argues that the reality is that people everywhere—including in China and the United States—are all living in an increasingly digital world where surveillance has become ubiquitous, and accountability for human rights abuses more challenging. It presents five solutions which the United States needs to take to address these challenges, and make for a more fair and equitable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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11. A comprehensive review on nanocellulose-based membranes: methods, mechanism, and applications in wastewater treatment.
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Sueraya, Ain Zaienah, Rahman, Md Rezaur, Kanakaraju, Devagi, Said, Khairul Anwar Mohamad, James, Anthonette, Othman, Al-Khalid Bin, Bakri, Muhammad Khusairy Bin, and Uddin, Jamal
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WASTEWATER treatment , *WATER purification , *MOIETIES (Chemistry) , *WATER pollution , *MEMBRANE filters - Abstract
As the demand for clean water sources increases, it is crucial to identify the best wastewater treatment technology that is cost-effective and energy efficient. Despite their separation performance and durability limitations due to the membrane materials and chemicals used in current production techniques, membranes are useful for recovering water from contaminated water sources. This review focuses on nanocellulose-based membranes that utilize various methods, as biodegradable and inexpensive nanocellulose has been used widely in membrane research in recent years. The research regarding nanocellulose-based membranes is growing widely as incorporating nanocellulose enhances the hydrophilic properties and mechanical strength and increases the membrane adsorption capacities, which is ideal for future commercialization. The material high aspect ratio explains this potential, large specific surface area, good capacity retention, and environmental inertness. In addition to the benefits already described, active sites include chemical moieties that might improve the efficacy of pollutants attaching to surfaces. Besides that, nanocellulose could be chemically modified to increase the surface affinity and reactivity of membranes to remove specific contaminants efficiently. Future research directions for lignocellulosic nanocellulose for wastewater treatment and the difficulties and possibilities of nanocellulose-based membranes in these fields are also discussed. Lastly, the application of nanocelluloses in water treatment with an emphasis on membranes and filters fabricated primarily of nanocellulose. Hence, nanocellulose for these membrane applications provides tremendous potential for the wastewater treatment industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. An exploration of microlearning as continuous professional development for English language teachers: initial findings and insights.
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Kohnke, Lucas and Moorhouse, Benjamin Luke
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This article reports on a qualitative study conducted at primary schools in Hong Kong exploring the use of microlearning to support the self-directed continuing professional development (CPD) of English language teachers. Microlearning refers to short, concise, and easily consumable segments of learning about a knowledge point or skill. These activities tend to be multimodal and delivered through digital platforms, making them accessible anytime and anywhere. Currently, little is known about teachers’ perceptions of microlearning. To address this gap, we developed and delivered a mobile course that followed a microlearning approach and covered various aspects of digital technologies and English language teaching. Eight primary school English teachers engaged in the course and shared their perceptions of the experience in semi-structured interviews. The findings suggest that they found microlearning to be more enriching and conducive to developing their digital competence than traditional CPD. It allowed them to address their immediate needs, develop practical skills, and integrate technology into their practices. The study provides important insights into the use of microlearning to support self-directed CPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. The impact of family history of mental illness on mental health help seeking in university students.
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Perich, Tania and Andriessen, Karl
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AbstractBackgroundAimsMethodsResultsConclusionsUniversity students with a family history of mental illness may have an increased risk of developing mental health problems.The aim of the study was to assess differences in mental health help seeking among students with a family history of mental illness compared to those without a family history.A total of 1127 university students, aged 18 to 30 years, completed an online survey with questions about mental illness, family history of mental illness, help seeking, and psychological symptoms.Students with a family history of mental illness were more likely to report clinically significant symptoms and more likely to use social media and online support programs. They reported similar rates of in-person help seeking. Those with more than one family member with a mental illness reported greater symptom severity, more use of online programs, and increased likelihood of prescription drug use than those with only one family member.More research is needed to understand how to increase access to mental health care and to address barriers to help-seeking considering family history of mental illness. University students may not be accessing appropriate treatment and care as required, with the rates of in-person help-seeking being low overall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Integrating traditional apprenticeship and modern educational approaches in traditional Chinese medicine education.
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Zhou, Xuanxuan, Yang, Qian, Bi, Linlin, and Wang, Siwang
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CHINESE medicine , *ACCREDITATION , *PHILOSOPHY of education , *MEDICAL education , *HERBAL medicine , *TEACHING , *CURRICULUM planning , *TECHNOLOGY , *ALTERNATIVE medicine , *CLINICAL education - Abstract
The traditional apprenticeship system and modern educational models both contribute to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) education in unique ways. This study aims to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches and investigates their potential integration for optimal TCM teaching. The study employs a comprehensive literature search strategy with specific keywords through Boolean Operators, focusing on articles discussing TCM education, sourced from the databases PubMed, Scopus, and CNKI. For comparative analysis, the study analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of three distinct approaches—traditional, modern, and hybrid—in TCM education. Finally, we use a spider plot methodology to visually evaluate across 11 critical educational aspects for these approaches. A comprehensive review of 70 articles on TCM education highlights the value of both conventional and modern approaches. Conventional methods often emphasize teacher-centered clinical training that aligns well with the apprenticeship model, serving to bridge formal academic learning with hands-on experience. Modern methods incorporate elements like technology and formal accreditation but caution that the absence of traditional apprenticeship could dilute core TCM principles. One recurring theme across multiple studies is the enduring importance of apprenticeship—a pedagogical cornerstone rooted in TCM's historical and cultural context—as well as its tension with modern methodologies that incorporate online resources and scientific frameworks. An integrated approach attempts to harmonize these strengths but reveals a gap in interactivity, suggesting that incorporating apprenticeship could offer a practical, hands-on method to improve student engagement. Conventional methods in TCM education emphasize teacher-centered clinical training akin to apprenticeship, modern methods incorporate technological advances and formal accreditation; however, the absence of traditional apprenticeship could compromise core TCM principles, and an integrated model, though striving to harmonize these elements, still falls short in the area of student interactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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15. The use of digital games in academic maritime education: a theoretical framework and practical applications.
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Pruyn, Jeroen
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In search of a way to bring back the positive aspects of an internship into the curriculum, TU Delft identified serious games as a potential solution. The literature studied showed that games could increase motivation and understanding, leading to improve knowledge retention. This paper has brought these insights together in a framework identifying the benefits that contribute to knowledge retention but also the requirements and risks for the application of serious games to be addressed. These insights were used to explain the success of a longstanding business game course for advanced students first. Next was the development of a virtual reality practice in a first-year course to replace the lost internship. In this case, knowledge retention was improved significantly, albeit only by 5%. Furthermore, in light of the developed framework, the VR simulation is a more balanced approach with fewer risks compared to the more extensive master course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. Applying the Non-adoption, Abandonment, Scale-up, Spread and Sustainability (NASSS) framework to evaluate automated evidence synthesis in health behaviour change.
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Branney, Peter, Marques, Marta M, and Norris, Emma
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TERMS & phrases , *REFUSAL to treat , *SUSTAINABILITY , *BEHAVIOR , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *HEALTH behavior , *TECHNOLOGY , *CLINICAL health psychology , *AUTOMATION - Abstract
Automated tools to speed up the process of evidence synthesis are increasingly apparent within health behaviour research. This brief review explores the potential of the Non-adoption, Abandonment, Scale-up, Spread and Sustainability framework for supporting automated evidence synthesis in health behaviour change by applying it to the ongoing Human Behaviour-Change Project, which aims to revolutionize evidence synthesis within behaviour change intervention research. To increase the relevance of NASSS for health behaviour change, we recommend i) terminology changes ('condition' to 'behaviour' and 'patient' to 'end user') and ii) that it is used prospectively address complexities iteratively. We draw conclusions about i) the need to specify the organizations that will use the technology, ii) identifying what to do if interdependencies fail and iii) even though we have focused on automated evidence synthesis, NASSS would arguably be beneficial for technology developments in health behaviour change more generally, particularly for invention development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. Face to face: France, Germany and the future of the European defence industry.
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Calcara, Antonio and Simón, Luis
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France and Germany agree on the need to further European defence-industrial cooperation, but boast radically different preferences on how to structure such cooperation. Why? To answer this question, we introduce the distinction between the two faces of market size – the first exclusively related to defence, the second including the broader commercial-industrial base. Since Germany is, overall, more competitive than France in the commercial sector but less competitive in the defence one, it will advocate for a full-fledged integration of the European defence market but seek to protect its less competitive defence industry from France by championing autonomy in ad-hoc arms programmes. In turn, France would prefer to leverage its defence-industrial advantage by injecting efficiency on arms programmes but resist pan-EU initiatives to integrate the defence market, which would benefit Germany more over the long-term. To test our argument, we examine French and German preferences towards the European Defence Fund and the Future Combat Air System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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18. Effects of online and face-to-face exercise training compared in healthy older adults: a feasibility study.
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Brustio, Paolo Riccardo, Klonova, Alina, Rudi, Doriana, Chiari, Carlotta, Biino, Valentina, Grants, Juris, and Schena, Federico
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EXERCISE therapy , *OLDER people , *EXERCISE physiology , *PHYSICAL mobility , *SEDENTARY behavior - Abstract
Background: Supervised online exercise training (OET) may help to counteract physical inactivity in healthy older adults. Few studies to date have compared the effect of OET and traditional face-to-face exercise training (TET). Aims: With this study we compared the effect of OET and TET on physical function in healthy older adults and investigated the feasibility of OET. Methods: Power analysis indicated that a sample size of n = 20 per group was necessary to detect a moderate effect size. Of 80 individuals potentially interested in the study, 32 did not meet the inclusion criteria and 22 declined participation; 26 were assigned to receive OET via Zoom© and 19 to receive TET twice a week for 12 weeks. The exercise training program was the same for both groups: fine finger and muscle strengthening and balance exercises. Performance was measured using the 400-m Walk, Timed Up and Go, Four Square Step, One Leg Stance, Five Time Chair Stand, and Hand Grip tests. Results and conclusions: In general, physical function was improved after OET and TET (ηp2 range, 0.349–0.642). No improvement in upper limb strength was observed in either group (p > 0.05), whereas endurance on the 400-m Walk Test was increased for the OET group and decreased for the TET group (Time × Group interaction F 5.540, ηp2 0.187; p = 0.007). Good adherence was noted for the OET group (82%). No adverse events during the 12-week study period were recorded. Our findings suggest a positive effect of exercise training on physical function over time, regardless of how delivered. OET was found to be feasible and acceptable, making it a viable alternative to conventional exercise programs for older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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19. DECONSTRUCTING TECHNOSTRESS: A CONFIGURATIONAL APPROACH TO EXPLAINING JOB BURNOUT AND JOB PERFORMANCE.
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Pflügner, Katharina, Maier, Christian, Thatcher, Jason Bennett, Mattke, Jens, and Weitzel, Tim
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JOB stress , *TECHNOLOGY , *SYSTEMS theory , *JOB performance , *TECHNOLOGY & psychology - Abstract
Understanding how technostressors lead to technostrain, such as high job burnout or low job performance, has become a core question in information systems (IS) research and practice. To unpack this relationship, we build on general systems theory to argue that the next step for technostress research is to go beyond examining the independent influences of technostressors and discuss how their interdependencies lead to technostrain. To illustrate our argument empirically, we use fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and identify four configurations of high- and low-intensity technostressors that lead to high job burnout and one that leads to low job performance. We show that three types of interdependencies among technostressors, i.e., complementarity, contingency, and substitution, form configurations that lead to technostrain. Within these configurations, high-intensity technostressors can mutually enhance their effects and low-intensity technostressors can buffer the impact of other high-intensity technostressors on technostrain. The results help to explain why organizational interventions that address independent technostressors may fail if they do not account for the interdependencies among technostressors. Our work provides evidence of the need to further develop theories that explain how and why interdependencies among technostressors lead to technostrain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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20. The urbanisation of controlled environment agriculture: Why does it matter for urban studies?
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Marvin, Simon, Rickards, Lauren, and Rutherford, Jonathan
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This paper critically examines why urban studies should be interested in the emergence of controlled environment agriculture. Over the last decade, there has been significant commercial and urban policy interest in controlled environment agriculture systems for producing food in enclosed environments. Furthermore, there has been a significant expansion in research publications on urban controlled environment agriculture, stressing the novel character of these systems and the complex relationships with the conventional concerns of urban agriculture. The paper subjects these claims to critical scrutiny and then reconceptualises urban controlled environment agriculture as an emergent urban infrastructure of artificial, highly productive microclimates and ecosystems for non-human life designed to increase the productive use of 'surplus or under-utilised' urban spaces. We argue that controlled environment agriculture tries to secure food production through three spatial–temporal fixes: (1) the enclosure move – holding food closer by substituting the increasingly hostile outdoors for the controlled indoors in order to optimise yield, quality, efficiency and the 'cleanness' of the food; (2) the urban move – holding food closer to the city by substituting rural agricultural space for urban space to shorten supply chains and thereby help secure food production and improve its green credentials; and (3) combining 1 and 2, the urban interiorisation move – holding food yet closer still by moving food production into city buildings and intricate infrastructural systems, increasing control by securing total environments. In these ways, the paper shows how urban controlled environment agriculture selectively extends existing logics of urban and rural agriculture and identifies the future research challenges for urban studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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21. Closing the Gap: Officer Advanced Education STEM+M (Management).
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Robert Jr., Leon L. and Wojtaszek, Carl J.
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TALENT management , *ARMY officers , *MODERN society , *STEM education , *HISTORY of education - Abstract
The Army has made insufficient progress in arming its officers with science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and management (STEM+M) knowledge. The contemporary battlefield is faster paced, technologically enabled, and data driven, requiring officers to possess more skills, knowledge, and experience. We examine the Army's history with STEM education and show that, in terms of education, the current Army officer corps has fallen behind its requirements for technology-enabled forces and modern society. We conclude with recommendations on how the Army can close the STEM+M education gap through advances in higher education and adopting talent management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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22. Development, Evaluation, and Long-Term Outcomes of Environmental Health and Land Reuse Training--Part 1: Developing Environmental Health and Land Reuse Trainings for the Environmental Health Workforce and Their Community Partners.
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Berman, Laurel, Unkart, Sharon, Lewin, Michael, Labbo, Rebecca, Bare, Gina, Wooden, Alyssa, Erdal, Serap, Bing, Leann, Casteel, Sue, Amar, Onongoo, Jones, Tracie, and Begay, Leorenda
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POLLUTION prevention , *ENVIRONMENTAL health , *HUMAN services programs , *MATHEMATICS , *EVALUATION of human services programs , *LONG-term health care , *EVALUATION of medical care , *ENVIRONMENTAL justice , *TECHNOLOGY , *CONSUMER cooperatives , *HEALTH promotion , *LABOR supply - Abstract
This article is the first in a series of three that describes the development and delivery of the Environmental Health and Land Reuse (EHLR) Basic Training and the first pilot of the EHLR Immersion Training. The EHLR Basic Training is based on the 5-step Land Reuse Model from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Through a collaboration with the National Environmental Health Association (NEHA), we developed the EHLR Basic Training in two modalities: virtual/live (maintained by ATSDR) and online/asynchronous (maintained by NEHA). The modules include: 1) Engaging With Your Community, 2) Evaluating Environmental and Health Risks, 3) Communicating Environmental and Health Risks, 4) Redesigning With Health in Mind, and 5) Measuring Success: Evaluating Environmental and Health Change. From June 2019--August 2022, ATSDR and NEHA delivered 10 EHLR Classroom Basic Trainings, launched the EHLR Online Basic Training, and developed the EHLR Immersion Training. We piloted the EHLR Immersion Training in July 2022, March 2023, and July 2023. Our participants included science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) students from Diné College who were in a Summer Intern Program; tribal environmental professionals; NEHA members in environmental health careers; and environmental professionals, students, and community members who were engaged in environmental work or environmental justice. We have learned that individual training modules can be used for specific learning needs among our participants. Perhaps more importantly, we have learned that undergraduate students and community members can and should be engaged in EHLR Training. The results of the evaluation and longterm follow-up of the EHLR Training will be presented in the second and third articles in this series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
23. Needs, expectations, facilitators, and barriers among insurance physicians related to the use of eHealth in their work: results of a survey.
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Muller, Elza, Huysmans, Maaike A., van Rijssen, H. Jolanda, and Anema, Johannes R.
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PSYCHOLOGY of physicians , *DATA security , *CROSS-sectional method , *RESEARCH funding , *HEALTH insurance , *DISABILITY evaluation , *AGE distribution , *CHI-squared test , *TELEMEDICINE , *PHYSICIAN-patient relations , *NEEDS assessment , *DATA analysis software , *ACCESS to information , *EMPLOYMENT reentry - Abstract
To determine needs, expectations, facilitators, and barriers of insurance physicians (IPs) for using eHealth in their work. Also, we investigated differences between age groups. All insurance physicians employed at the Dutch Social Security Institute (SSI) received an online anonymous survey in July 2020. Three hundred and fifteen IPs (31%) responded. According to these IPs, the most important need for using eHealth was to collect medical information more effectively and efficiently (71%). Main facilitators were that eHealth could make IPs' work more effectively and efficiently (61%) and more future-proof (60%). Main barriers were losing human interaction (54%) and security issues (51%). Younger IPs saw more options for using eHealth, compared to older IPs. The majority of IPs (in particular younger IPs) had a positive view towards using eHealth in their daily work. Nevertheless, differences in needs, expectations, facilitators and barriers between the age groups should be taken into account for the successful development and implementation of interventions using eHealth in insurance medicine. For the successful development and implementation of eHealth interventions in insurance medicine and rehabilitation, the needs, expectations, facilitators, and barriers that physicians indicate should be taken into account. Insurance physicians support the use of eHealth interventions to collect medical information more effectively and efficiently, to contribute to and maintain the quality of care, in the perspective of managing expected shortages in insurance physicians. When concretizing eHealth interventions for rehabilitation professionals, one should take the importance of face to face interaction with patients into account. Extra education and training for older insurance physicians may improve the implementation of eHealth interventions, because they are less inclined to see its value and feel less competent to use it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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24. Understanding the benefits and challenges of outpatient virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Canadian pediatric rehabilitation hospital.
- Author
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Lindsay, Sally, Ragunathan, Sharmigaa, Kingsnorth, Shauna, Zhou, Chuanlin, Kakonge, Lisa, Cermak, Carly, Hickling, Andrea, and Wright, F. Virginia
- Subjects
- *
HEALTH services accessibility , *CHILDREN with disabilities , *QUALITATIVE research , *MEETINGS , *MEDICAL quality control , *MEDICAL personnel , *RESEARCH funding , *OUTPATIENT medical care , *INTERVIEWING , *PRIVACY , *REHABILITATION of children with disabilities , *CHILDREN'S hospitals , *CONTINUUM of care , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *TELEMEDICINE , *MEDICAL consultation , *PEDIATRICS , *THEMATIC analysis , *LONGITUDINAL method , *RESEARCH methodology , *COMMUNICATION , *TECHNOLOGY , *MEDICAL appointments , *VIDEOCONFERENCING , *PSYCHOLOGY of parents , *PUBLIC health , *PATIENT satisfaction , *MEDICAL needs assessment , *COMPARATIVE studies , *COVID-19 pandemic , *PATIENTS' attitudes , *MEDICAL referrals , *MEDICAL ethics , *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors - Abstract
The evolving virtual health care experience highlights the potential of technology to serve as a way to enhance care. Having virtual options for assessment, consultation and intervention were essential during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, especially for children with disabilities and their families. The purpose of our study was to describe the benefits and challenges of outpatient virtual care during the pandemic within pediatric rehabilitation. This qualitative study, part of a larger mixed methods project, involved in-depth interviews with 17 participants (10 parents, 2 youth, 5 clinicians) from a Canadian pediatric rehabilitation hospital. We analyzed the data using a thematic approach. Our findings demonstrated three main themes: (1) benefits of virtual care (e.g., continuity of care, convenience, stress reduction and flexibility, and comfort within the home environment and enhanced rapport); (2) challenges related to virtual care (e.g., technical difficulties and lack of technology, environmental distractions and constraints, communication difficulty, and health impacts); and (3) advice for the future of virtual care (i.e., offering choice to families, enhanced communication and addressing health equity issues). Clinicians and hospital leaders should consider addressing the modifiable barriers in accessing and delivering virtual care to optimize its effectiveness. Families are invested in access to virtual care appointments and can benefit from clear communication about choices regarding appointment options and supports in how to access and use technology for equitable access to care. Hospitals should aim to provide clinicians with an appropriate workspace (i.e., private, quiet with adequate room to demonstrate what they need to do), equipment and technology to have virtual care appointments. Current understanding of virtual care delivery suggests a tailored approach, with some types of appointments, such as follow-ups or check-ins, more suited to this modality than other more hands-on therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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25. The soft power of hard tech--The "Shenzhen Model" as an ideological device.
- Author
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Siyu Chen
- Subjects
- *
SOFT power (Social sciences) , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations , *ECONOMIC uncertainty , *POWER (Social sciences) , *ECONOMIC reform - Abstract
In August 2019, The Shenzhen Model City Initiative was released in which the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) announced its decision to support Shenzhen, the long-standing poster city for China's economic reform, in building a demonstration pilot zone for Chinese socialism with a particular emphasis on further developing the city's technological prowess. What are the ideological implications of the latest model-making of Shenzhen? And how does the city's innovative turn relate to its role as the nation's perceived civilizational front line? This study explores the continuities and evolution of contemporary Chinese governance by considering the reinvention of the "Shenzhen Model" in relation to processes of urbanization, globalization and industrial upgrading. Drawing upon Tim Oakes's theory of the "urban" as an ideological device, it examines the (re)making of the "Shenzhen Model" through different discourses, apparatuses and policies related to the city's technological innovation and entrepreneurship. Situating the "Shenzhen Model" at a time of precarity and uncertainty amidst economic growth slowdown, the China-United States trade war and the COVID-19 pandemic, this article demonstrates how the state mobilizes narratives and practices pertinent to technological innovation and entrepreneurship to enhance its political influence and thus sheds light on the latest developments in urban governance during China's post-industrial turn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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26. Relations among Screen Time and Commonly Co-occurring Conditions in Autistic Youth.
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Menezes, Michelle, Pappagianopoulos, Jessica, Cross, Robert, and Mazurek, Micah O.
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MENTAL health , *ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder , *SCREEN time , *ANXIETY , *SURVEYS , *TECHNOLOGY , *COMORBIDITY , *AUTISM in adolescence , *MENTAL depression - Abstract
Autistic youth engage in higher levels of screen time and are more likely to experience mental health problems than their typically developing peers; however, few studies have investigated a potential relationship between daily screen time hours and mental health in autistic youth. This study examined the relations among daily screen time hours and commonly co-occurring psychopathology (i.e., anxiety, depression, conduct/behavioral problems, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]) in autistic youth utilizing data from the 2018–2019 National Survey of Children's Health. Results indicated screen time was significantly related to conduct problems; however, contrary to findings from studies with neurotypical samples, screen time was not significantly related to anxiety, depression, or ADHD diagnoses in autistic children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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27. An analysis of the micro- and macro-economic determinants of firm R&D intensity in the South African business sector.
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Kahn, Amy, Kasongo, Atoko, Sithole, Moses M., and Ramoroka, Kgabo Hector
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GENERALIZED method of moments , *SMALL business , *FOREIGN investments , *POLITICAL stability , *HIGHER education research , *PRIVATE sector - Abstract
Research and experimental development (R&D) is an important driver of economic growth and productivity. Gross expenditure on domestic R&D (GERD) is a country's total expenditure on R&D performed by all sectors of the economy. South Africa's GERD as a percentage of its GDP (GERD/GDP) remains below government targets and has stagnated over the past decade, largely due to declining business sector R&D. This paper aims to identify the drivers of firm-level R&D intensity, defined as the firm's R&D expenditure as a percentage of turnover. It is the first South African study to examine both micro- and macro-economic drivers of firm R&D, with a paucity of literature on this topic for middle-income countries. Using the South African National R&D Survey data, the study utilized the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model and found that public financial support for firms, smaller firm-size, firm-level collaboration, political stability, foreign direct investment, and public R&D investment are positively associated with firm R&D intensity. The results highlight the importance of public financial support for smaller firms and investments in higher education and research institutions in promoting firm-level R&D, thereby providing useful policy insights for boosting business sector and economy-wide R&D expenditure and reaching national GERD/GDP targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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28. How young children's play is shaped through common iPad applications: a study of 2 and 4–5 year-olds.
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Samuelsson, Robin, Price, Sara, and Jewitt, Carey
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- *
PRESCHOOL children , *IPADS , *DIGITAL technology , *EDUCATIONAL technology - Abstract
Digital devices such as iPads are prevalent in children's play from an early age. How this shapes young children's play is an area of considerable debate without any clear consensus on how different forms of play are brought into the iPad interaction. In this study, we examined 98 play activities of children in two preschool settings, featuring 2 and 4–5-year-olds, their play with iPads and non-digital artefacts. Three analytical approaches were used: an index built on a digital play framework [Bird, Jo, and Susan Edwards. 2015. "Children Learning to Use Technologies Through Play: A Digital Play Framework." British Journal of Educational Technology 46 (6): 1149–1160. doi:10.1111/bjet.12191 ], a quantitative description of the index, and a qualitative interaction analysis of children's play. Results show how play with iPads is characterised as less ludic than play with other artefacts, and diverges from the age-typical norms of play. We discuss what these results might mean for children's play in contemporary early childhood settings and for children's learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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29. Video gaming and digital competence among elementary school students.
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Scholes, Laura, Rowe, Luke, Mills, Kathy A., Gutierrez, Amanda, and Pink, Elizabeth
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- *
DIGITAL video , *VIDEO games , *YOUNG adults , *SCHOOL children , *ACCOUNTING students - Abstract
Engagement with video games can potentially advance student digital competence however, there is a digital skills gap by the time young people progress into adolescence. This current research explores how elementary school students' digital self-efficacy might relate to experiences in video game environments to influence perceptions of digital competence. We examine the differential impact of sex, self-efficacy, and socioeconomic status (SES) on 7–10-year-old students' (N = 613) perceptions of video gaming and their digital skills. Analysis revealed the unexpected finding that SES was inversely related to enjoyment for gaming and digital technology, with students in the lower-SES category responding more positively compared to students in higher SES categories. As expected, boys self-reported digital skills higher than girls across all SES categories. We argue for the use of gaming pedagogies to support learning in classrooms that accounts for nuances in students' digital self-efficacy moderated by gender and SES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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30. Market Structures, Competition and Innovation: Grounds for an Alternative Defence Industrial Policy.
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Bellais, Renaud
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- *
INDUSTRIAL policy , *MARKET design & structure (Economics) , *COST control , *ARMS race , *COLD War, 1945-1991 , *INFORMATION asymmetry - Abstract
Since the 1980s, most reforms in major arms-producing countries focus on keeping costs under control by either promoting competition between suppliers or by reducing information asymmetry through audits and controls. Indeed, cost escalation represents a challenge but, in fact, these reforms try to adjust the functioning of defence market rather than questioning the institutional features of this latter. The success of defence acquisition structures also explains their limits. The current organisation of defence market was perfectly adapted to the geostrategic context of Cold War and a technological momentum that favours symmetrical arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union. Even if these structures still help deliver advanced capabilities, they can be considered as not sufficient to cover all the operational needs of armed forces. The conception of capabilities needs to go beyond a long-term planning while industrial approaches open the way to more agile development and manufacturing. An alternative defence industrial policy is necessary to complement the existing one. More modular architectures for complex systems provide the opportunity to increase the reactiveness of capability deliveries and to foster both innovation and competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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31. Easiness and amount. Contribution of digitalization to the act of listening and its possibilities.
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Torras i Segura, Daniel
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- *
DIGITAL technology , *SOUND recording & reproducing , *LISTENING , *POSSIBILITY - Abstract
This research focuses on the social-spatial relationship between device and subject and identifies the possibilities that digital technology lets listeners perform as listening modalities, such as individual listening, mobility, and multimedia listening. Analyzing the most relevant specialized literature, this work explores the socio-technological origins of current possibilities of listening to classify them as 'innovative change' or 'substantial improvement'. A sound reproduction device timeline and their contributions determine what the enrichment of the digital era to the act of listening is and what reasonable future trends are to be expected. The digital era does not add any new possibility to the social-spatial act of listening itself. Nevertheless, the digital era has prepared the technological basis for a new leap that would tend toward hyperpersonalization and the maximization of operative easiness. This research shows how digital has made great progress 'inside' devices functioning, but not so much 'outside' them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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32. Keeping Up and Staying Fresh: Reflections on Studying Emerging Topics in Consumer Research.
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Stephen, Andrew T
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- *
CONSUMER research , *ARTIFICIAL intelligence , *CLIMATE change , *SUSTAINABILITY , *CONSUMER behavior - Abstract
This article reflects on the study of consumer-related emerging topics in the Journal of Consumer Research (JCR) and looks ahead to consider what the next generation of emergent issues might be that capture consumer researchers' attention and interest. Drawing on conversations with eminent scholars who have made major contributions to JCR by introducing emerging topics to our literature, the author (i) provides a commentary of past approaches to researching novel emerging topics, (ii) suggests some domains from which new emerging topics for consumer research can be sourced, such as new digital technologies (e.g. artificial intelligence) and major societal challenges (e.g. climate change, sustainability, and health), and (iii) offers guidance on how to approach research on important emerging topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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33. Future proofing core facilities with a seven‐pillar model.
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Tranfield, Erin M. and Lippens, Saskia
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- *
LIFE sciences , *FACILITY management , *SCIENTIFIC discoveries , *HUMAN resources departments , *SCIENTIFIC community - Abstract
Centralised core facilities have evolved into vital components of life science research, transitioning from a primary focus on centralising equipment to ensuring access to technology experts across all facets of an experimental workflow. Herein, we put forward a seven‐pillar model to define what a core facility needs to meet its overarching goal of facilitating research. The seven equally weighted pillars are Technology, Core Facility Team, Training, Career Tracks, Technical Support, Community and Transparency. These seven pillars stand on a solid foundation of cultural, operational and framework policies including the elements of transparent and stable funding strategies, modern human resources support, progressive facility leadership and management as well as clear institute strategies and policies. This foundation, among other things, ensures a tight alignment of the core facilities to the vision and mission of the institute. To future‐proof core facilities, it is crucial to foster all seven of these pillars, particularly focusing on newly identified pillars such as career tracks, thus enabling core facilities to continue supporting research and catalysing scientific advancement. Lay abstract: In research, there is a growing trend to bring advanced, high‐performance equipment together into a centralised location. This is done to streamline how the equipment purchase is financed, how the equipment is maintained, and to enable an easier approach for research scientists to access these tools in a location that is supported by a team of technology experts who can help scientists use the equipment. These centralised equipment centres are called Core Facilities. The core facility model is relatively new in science and it requires an adapted approach to how core facilities are built and managed. In this paper, we put forward a seven‐pillar model of the important supporting elements of core facilities. These supporting elements are: Technology (the instruments themselves), Core Facility Team (the technology experts who operate the instruments), Training (of the staff and research community), Career Tracks (for the core facility staff), Technical Support (the process of providing help to apply the technology to a scientific question), Community (of research scientist, technology experts and developers) and Transparency (of how the core facility works and the costs associated with using the service). These pillars stand on the bigger foundation of clear policies, guidelines, and leadership approaches at the institutional level. With a focus on these elements, the authors feel core facilities will be well positioned to support scientific discovery in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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34. Multisensory technology in the wine industry: where the senses meet technology.
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Cui, Yuanyuan, van Esch, Patrick, and Spence, Charles
- Subjects
- *
WINE industry , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations , *WINE tasting , *WINE labels , *CONSUMER behavior , *SENSORY perception , *CHIEF information officers , *WINE flavor & odor - Abstract
Advances in technology have brought about transformative changes in the wine industry, leading to a convergence of multisensory perception and technological innovation. This special issue explores the intersection of multisensory experiences and technology within the context of the wine industry, examining the impact that various digital technologies have had on sensory engagement, consumer behavior, and the vinicultural landscape. From augmented reality (AR) wine label experiences to smart decanters and aroma simulators, technology is reshaping the way in which consumers perceive, interact with, and appreciate wine. The research curated in this special issue investigates how multisensory technologies influence consumers' wine consumption experiences by enhancing their visual, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, and auditory sensations. Additionally, it explores some of the implications of multisensory digital technology on wine production, marketing strategies, and brand storytelling. By examining the dynamic interplay between sensory perception and technological innovation, this special issue offers insights into the evolving nature of the wine industry and the potential for multisensory digital technologies to redefine the future of wine consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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35. Knowledge-Making in Politics: Expertise in Democracy and Epistocracy.
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Lucky, Matthew C.
- Subjects
- *
DEMOCRACY , *DECISION making , *THEORY of knowledge , *POLITICAL systems , *TECHNOLOGY - Abstract
Recently, epistocrats have challenged the value of democracy by claiming that policy outcomes can be improved if the electorate were narrowed to empower only those with sufficient knowledge to inform competent policy decisions. I argue that by centering on contesting how well regimes employ extant knowledge in decision-making, this conversation has neglected to consider how regimes influence the production of knowledge over time. Science and technology studies scholars have long recognized that political systems impact the productivity of expert research. I argue that in order to evaluate which regime is "smarter," we must consider not only how well they employ existing knowledge in decision-making, but we must also assess how those regimes influence the ongoing production of policy-relevant knowledge. Thus, I offer an instrumental defense of democracy based on its capacity to encourage a superior pattern and quality of expert research to inform policy decisions over time. Epistocracy may be effective at employing extant knowledge in the short run, but in the long run, democracy is a superior environment for producing knowledge to inform policy decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Markups in US food manufacturing accounting for non‐neutral productivity.
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Jaumandreu, Jordi and Lopez, Rigoberto
- Subjects
- *
FOOD industry , *PRODUCTIVITY accounting , *LABOR productivity , *MARKET power - Abstract
We examine the evolution of productivity and markups in US food and beverage manufacturing from 1959 through 2018. We account for non‐Hicks‐neutral (labour‐augmenting) productivity changes and compare markups with those in general manufacturing using the same dataset and model. We also compare our results with those of the increasingly popular De Loecker and Warzynski (2012, American Economic Review, 102, 2437) method, which does not account for non‐Hicks‐neutral productivity growth. Empirical results show that productivity growth in the food and beverage sector has been relatively slow and driven with equal intensity by Hicks‐neutral and labour‐augmenting productivity gains. General manufacturing shows higher productivity growth that is mostly labour‐augmenting, with markups comparable to those of food manufacturing. We find that accounting for labour‐augmenting productivity produces more moderate markup estimates than the De Loecker and Warzynski (2012) method. We also find no evidence of markups rising in either food manufacturing or general manufacturing in the last 20 years, in contrast to much of the recent economic literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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37. Facilitation of Competency-Based Learning With a Practicum Administration Software: The User Experience.
- Author
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Arinze, Chika A., Lokker, Cynthia, Slifierz, Mackenzie, and Apatu, Emma
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- *
USER experience , *UNIVERSITIES & colleges , *LEARNING , *GRADUATE education , *LEARNING goals - Abstract
Objective: Technology is essential in the facilitation of many operations in higher educational institutions. The use of web-based platforms to deliver academic content, including practice-based training, has gained popularity. However, their use in practicum process administration is not well studied. In the 2020/2021 academic year, a graduate program in the Faculty of Health Science within a public university in Ontario incorporated the InPlace platform to streamline the administration of the practicum process, including goal setting. This study aimed to understand the user experience of the platform in facilitating competency-based learning. Methods: Twelve students participated in two focus group sessions that lasted approximately 1.5 hr each. Two staff members participated in one-on-one semi-structured interviews. The System Usability Scale (SUS) was used as a measure of the platform's usability. Other outcomes included staff and students' user experience. Result: Overall, the students and staff believe the platform is good for facilitating competency-based learning. The SUS score was 61.8 (95% confidence interval, [56.7, 66.9]). Eight students (66.7%) indicated that the platform was useful in helping them navigate their learning goals. Staff expressed appreciation of the program with respect to communication, practicum process, and overall program administration. Some suggestions for improving the platform were made. Conclusion: The practicum placement platform has shown some initial benefits in communication and practicum process administration. In a future configuration of similar platforms, the implementation of the suggestions provided in this study may be necessary to improve usability and enhance the facilitation of competence-based learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Has Journalism Education Kept Up With Digital Transformation?
- Author
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Hossain, Md Sazzad and Wenger, Debora
- Subjects
- *
JOURNALISM education , *EDUCATIONAL journalism , *JOURNALISM schools , *JOURNALISM students , *JOURNALISM teachers - Abstract
Journalism is a highly technology-dependent profession, and students, educators, and professionals must develop specific digital skills. This study uses the theory of disruptive innovation to examine how journalism educators adapt their programs in response to changing media environments. A survey of accredited journalism and mass communication programs identified three key challenges: the need for long-term investment, the ability to predict future change and demand, and difficulty in hiring faculty expertise. When asked which technologies will affect journalism curricula in the next 3 to 5 years, artificial intelligence (AI) topped the list, followed by drone journalism, virtual reality, and augmented reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Be strong, be confident: the rise of China and the 2022 Beijing Winter Games.
- Author
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Chong, Gladys Pak Lei and de Kloet, Jeroen
- Subjects
- *
TECHNOLOGY , *SELF-reliance , *OLYMPIC Winter Games , *COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
Drawing on promotional materials in 2007–2008 and in 2021–2022, this article examines both Olympics to explore how the state has evolved in its governmental rationalities, and the related cultural and political implications. The 2022 Winter Games, despite its comparatively low profile and challenges posed by Covid-19, provided the Chinese state with a key moment to advance its confidence doctrine. Three discourses were mobilised pertaining to, first, the CCP's superb leadership and problem-solving skills; second, China's mega-infrastructure; and, third, created + made in China. The 2022 Olympics thus mobilised three confidence-driven discourses: leadership confidence, techno-scientific confidence, and creative confidence. In doing so, the 2022 Olympics envisioned, narrated, and materialised the popular discursive signifiers – technology, green and sustainability, and the future – the authorities already actively promoted in its political initiatives and policies. This contributed to the inward-oriented beliefs of self-reliance and self-improvement. Where we witnessed in 2008 a sense of curiosity and openness, within China and the world at large, we now face the complexities, dangers, and cultural essentialism, if not narcissism, of a confident China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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40. Aspiration, Vocation, and Love: A Response to Reviews by Katharina Opalka, Hartmut von Sass, and Kinga Zeller.
- Author
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Pattison, George
- Subjects
- *
CHRISTIAN philosophy , *VOCATION , *CHRISTIAN life - Abstract
The article responds to three reviews of Philosophy of Christian Life, focussing on issues of heteronomy, abuse of power, the authority of the call, language, technology, and deliverance from self-hatred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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41. Media Dependency Among South Korean Sojourners in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Approach.
- Author
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Lin, Yujun and Liu, Xiaoli
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL media , *IMMIGRANTS , *COMPULSIVE behavior , *QUALITATIVE research , *INTERVIEWING , *RESEARCH methodology , *COMMUNICATION , *TECHNOLOGY , *COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
This study employs the media system dependency theory to explore both macro- and micro-level dependencies between South Korean sojourners and Chinese media during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through semi-structured interviews with 25 South Korean sojourners in Beijing, we find that under the influence of Confucianism and collectivistic culture, South Korean sojourners are hard to identify with China's media environment and rely on Chinese media. Apart from Chinese television meeting South Korean sojourners' goal of play, other traditional media outlets, new media, and interpersonal communication with Chinese people fail to fulfill their goals of understanding, orientation, and play. These findings suggest that future research should take cultural factors into account to understand media dependency theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. A Discussion of Marx's Account of Technical Progress by Means of Wage Curves and Their Historical Evolution.
- Author
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Gaul, Michael
- Subjects
- *
TECHNOLOGICAL progress , *WAGES , *LABOR theory of value , *PHILOSOPHERS - Abstract
Marx's account of technical progress has been criticized by philosophers as being a metanarrative, by ecological economists as being unduly strong, by economists as being unduly weak, and by post-Sraffian authors as being ill-founded. This article discusses Marx's account of technical progress in light of these criticisms on a conceptual, theoretical, and empirical level, relying on the apparatus of wage curves. It argues that some of the critiques cannot be sustained, since the criticized positions cannot be attributed to Marx. The remaining critiques, in turn, amount to alternative predictions on the evolution of wage curves which are, however, and in contrast to those of Marx, not in line with empirical evidence, as the estimation of wage curves for thirteen countries from 2000 to 2013 shows. JEL Classification : B14, B24, O33 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The ontology of creation: towards a philosophical account of the creation of World in innovation processes.
- Author
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Blok, Vincent
- Subjects
- *
ONTOLOGY , *REFLECTION (Philosophy) , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations - Abstract
The starting point of this article is the observation that the emergence of the Anthropocene rehabilitates the need for philosophical reflections on the ontology of technology. In particular, if technological innovations on an ontic level of beings in the world are created, but these innovations at the same time create the Anthropocene World at an ontological level, this raises the question how World creation has to be understood. We first identify four problems with the traditional concept of creation: the anthropocentric, ontic and outcome orientation of traditional concepts of creation, as well as its orientation of material fabrication. We subsequently develop a progressive concept of World creation with four characteristics that move beyond the traditional conceptuality: (1) a materialistic concept of creation that accounts for (2) the ontogenetic process and (3) the ontic and ontological nature of creation, and (4) is conceptualized as semantic creation of the World in which we live and act. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. A novel remote assessment pathway to streamline the management of two-week-wait suspected head and neck cancer referrals: a prospective analysis of 660 patients.
- Author
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Metcalfe, Christopher, Oh, Soo, Glazzard, Nina, Ross, Elizabeth, and George, Ajith
- Subjects
- *
HEAD & neck cancer diagnosis , *HEAD & neck cancer treatment , *NATIONAL health services , *MEDICAL care , *CANCER patient medical care , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *INTERNET , *ENDOSCOPIC surgery , *TELEMEDICINE , *LONGITUDINAL method , *MEDICAL consultation , *MEDICAL referrals , *MEDICAL triage , *COVID-19 , *TIME , *ENDOSCOPY - Abstract
Objective: This study analyses outcomes for 660 patients managed via a novel telescopic pathway for suspected head and neck cancer referrals. Method: Data were collected prospectively between January 2021 and December 2022, capturing all two-week-wait referrals triaged as low risk and managed via a nurse-led clinic for nasendoscopic examination and consultant-led remote assessment. Results: In total, 660 patients were included. There were six head and neck cancers diagnosed, giving a conversion rate of 0.9 per cent. Mean (standard deviation) time to informing the patient whether they did or did not have cancer (28-day faster diagnosis standard) was 28.6 days (20.2), with no significant difference observed in patients imaged prior to review (p = 0.63). No missed cancers were detected in the follow-up period. Conclusion: Low-risk head and neck cancer referrals can be safely managed in a nurse-led clinic for recorded examination with asynchronous consultant-led management. Further work is required to ensure adherence to the new faster diagnosis standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Technological affordances in teachers' online professional learning communities: A systematic review.
- Author
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Jin, Fangzhou, Song, Zicong, Cheung, Wai Ming, Lin, Chin‐Hsi, and Liu, Tiruo
- Subjects
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TEACHER education , *SELF-efficacy , *QUALITATIVE research , *CONVERSATION , *RESEARCH funding , *LEARNING , *REFLECTION (Philosophy) , *QUANTITATIVE research , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *THEMATIC analysis , *ONLINE education , *TECHNOLOGY , *PROFESSIONAL employee training , *RESEARCH methodology , *ABILITY , *TRAINING - Abstract
Background Study: Previous systematic reviews concluded that online professional‐learning communities (OPLCs) have positive effects on teachers' development, but explored neither the technological affordances that make this possible nor the potential negative impacts of technology use in OPLCs. Objectives: The aim of this study is to systematically analyse previous research on teachers' OPLCs, and thus help answer the question of what technological affordances (dis)empower members of teachers' OPLCs, and how they do so. Methods: This study applied the systematic‐review method. A total of 28 studies were identified and analysed using rigorously defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results are reported as a synthesis. Results and Conclusions: First, in theme, the selected articles primarily focused on features of OPLCs and of teachers' knowledge. Second, mixed‐methods approaches were commonly used in the sampled research, and the number of studies employing advanced statistical methods and machine learning increased over time. And third, the reviewed studies' findings suggest that technology supports 'bottom‐up' teachers' communities (as distinct from 'top‐down' professional development organized by educational authorities) in seven ways: that is, by promoting collaboration opportunities, expanding the participants' networks, facilitating knowledge sharing, delivering support more rapidly, providing emotional support, allowing ubiquitous learning, and enabling multiple modes of participation. Lay Description: What is currently known about the subject matter: Previous reviews found OPLCs have positive effects on teachers' development. What their paper adds to this: What technological affordances empower teachers in OPLCs.How technological affordances empower teachers in OPLCs. The implications of study findings for practitioners: The sampled articles primarily focused on OPLC features and teacher knowledge.Mixed‐methods approaches were commonly used.Technology provides various affordances to 'bottom‐up' teachers' communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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46. Representational affectivities in nature-based leisure: the case of game-angling.
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Mordue, Tom and Moss, Oliver
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LEISURE , *GEOGRAPHIC boundaries , *BRAND equity , *TROUT , *EMOTIONAL state , *AFFECT (Psychology) - Abstract
We explore affective registers that characterise game-angling, particularly fly-fishing, through a critical engagement with the discursive and visual strategies employed in a key game-angling periodical, Trout and Salmon magazine, across a period of sixty years. We examine how angling brands and textual utterances evoke the affective and emotional states of becoming and being an angler, and in doing so bring the sport into a state of being and becoming in which traditional and modern values work with, and in tension to, each other. We focus on three interconnected themes. First, the extent to which the practice of angling is mediated by specific brands and technologies which blur the boundaries between the natural and the artificial. Second, the extent to which branded technologies and brand values foster angling practices that either adhere to or deviate from traditional understandings of what game-angling is and entails. Third, the ways in which dominant tropes conceptualise, frame, and canonise idealised game-angling spaces and spatial practices. We conclude with an exegesis that game-angling texts and brands tell us much about what it is to be human and animal in the choreographing and enactment of this ever-popular and ever-evolving, yet anchored, leisure world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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47. Disclosing the sacred in technological practices for sustainability.
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Hohenthal, Johanna and Ruuska, Toni
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SUSTAINABILITY , *MODERN society - Abstract
Owing to the claimed loss of meaning in modern societies, this article investigates how the experience of the sacred is disclosed in technological practices. The experience of the sacred is studied through four framings that approach the sacred as (i) extreme im/purity or sublimity, (ii) a religious framework, (iii) a sense of connection, and (iv) a cognitive experience related to skills. Sacred experiences may emerge in all technological practices, but their meaning is implied to be of a particularly fleeting kind in highly technological practices – measured by their increase in matter-energy throughput – and prone to cause the experience of alienation. Sacred experience in less technological practices is consequently proposed to hold the potential to offer a more sustained experience of meaning. However, the proper kinds of skills are essential to reach experiences of the sacred that may serve to restore life and its purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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48. Peripheral sustainability expertise on technology: an autoethnography amidst the polycrisis.
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Takkinen, Pasi and Heikkurinen, Pasi
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EXPERTISE , *AUTOETHNOGRAPHY , *ATTITUDES toward technology , *SUSTAINABILITY , *TECHNOLOGICAL progress , *PLURALITY voting - Abstract
Professional expertise is a legitimate cornerstone of modern global culture. The unfolding of the polycrisis, however, arguably destabilizes expertise as a privileged and uniform position of knowledge production. Even sustainability expertise, while considered part of the solution, is arguably part of the problem, due to its structural links to environmentally detrimental technological practices. Hence technology relations in expertise are explored by autoethnography. Expert attitudes towards technology are traditionally demarcated between optimistic technocrats and critical humanists, but a third category is suggested, which embodies determined technology criticism, anti-colonialism and post-professional ethos. This peripheral expert position, labelled spurner, may seem dubious and dark from the point of view of paradigmatic expertise. But since the polycrisis calls for plural and inclusive modes of expertise, peripheral knowledge and skills should be seen as one end in the spectrum of possible sustainable expertise. True plurality means that hardly any final unification or mutual consensus in sustainability expertise seems plausible or even desirable. However, due to the polycrisis, many experts may have to reconsider what role their professions and technological progress in general play in the unfolding events. Recognizing peripheral "grey zone" expertise may foster such self-reflection in individual experts and in expert cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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49. Early childhood practicum students' perceptions and experiences of a remote directed fieldwork course during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Wee, Su Jeong, Dennis, Jessica Michele, Lo, Yafen, Ly-Hoang, Kheng, and Ramirez-Ulloa, Patricia
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FIELDWORK (Educational method) , *DISTANCE education , *TEACHING methods , *ONLINE education , *COVID-19 pandemic , *EARLY childhood education - Abstract
Early childhood (EC) education has usually involved in-person teaching and learning. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has imposed remote teaching on EC practitioners and complicated practicum students' fieldwork experiences. This study explored EC practicum students' fieldwork experiences in the U.S. during the pandemic and their preparedness for online teaching and technology employment and integration. Participants included 28 students enrolled in Directed Field Experience in Spring 2021. A mixed-methods approach incorporating multiple sources of data, including reflection papers, interviews, and questionnaires, was used. The findings showed that the EC practicum students changed their perceptions of and attitudes toward a remote field experience course and online teaching with young children over the semester. Additionally, EC practicum students' challenges and professional and academic growth were evident in their reporting. These findings have implications for the development of effective strategies for alleviating EC practicum students' challenges, facilitating their professional growth, and providing resources to integrate digital technology in their teaching in developmentally appropriate ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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50. Robots without Sophisticated Cognitive Capacities: Are They Persons?
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Jecker, Nancy S.
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This Commentary critiques Paul Showler’s combination view of robot moral status, which combines sophisticated cognitive capacities like consciousness with highly valued machine-human relationships. Showler holds that a combined approach carries the advantage of more fully accounting for ordinary folk psychology views about of what it means to have moral standing and be a person. This commentary paper is largely sympathetic to Showler, but argues for a stronger view: being a person is a cluster concept that can include a combination of different possible sufficient conditions, none of which is necessary. What must be constrained, then, is the strong claim that a quality is necessary for personhood. Since most approaches that appeal to sophisticated cognitive capacities make the strong claim, they require constraint. Since most approaches that appeal to highly valued relationships, do not make the stronger claim, they generally do not require constraint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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