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A technique in which the gravitational load in the rear limbs of rats was chronically reduced is used to study soleus muscle atrophy in near-zero-gravity conditions. The results show a decline in the number of fibers in groups that contained the slow isoenzyme of myosin and which were classified as type I. The total number of fibers did not change, and fibers containing the intermediate isoenzyme and those classified as type IIa increased. The results are consistent with either a change in the composition within existing fibers or a simultaneous loss of slow fibers accompanied by de novo synthesis of intermediate and fast fibers.