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Reliable photo-nuclear reaction rates at the stellar conditions are essential to understand the origin of the heavy stable neutron-deficient isotopes between $^{74}$Se and $^{196}$Hg-p-nuclei, however, many reaction rates of relevance still have to rely on the Hauser-Feshbach model due to rare experimental progress. One such case is in the mass range of 160 for Dy, Er, Ho and Tm isotopes. In this work we attempt to constrain the Hauser-Feshbach model in the TALYS package by reproducing the available experimental data of $^{160}$Dy($p,\gamma$)$^{161}$Ho and $^{162}$Er($p,\gamma$)$^{163}$Tm in the $A\sim 160$ mass region, and examine the effects of level density, gamma strength function and the optical model potential. The constrained model then allows us to calculate the reaction rates of $^{157, 159}$Ho($\gamma$, $p$) and $^{163,165}$Tm($\gamma$, $p$) for the $\gamma$-process nucleosynthesis in carbon-deflagration SNe Ia model. Our recommended rates differ from the JINA REACLIB by more than 1 order of magnitude in the temperature range of 2-3 GK. This results in the changes of final abundance of $p$-nuclei in the $A\sim 160$ mass range by -5.5-3\% from those with JINA, which means that the ($\gamma$, $p$) reactions uncertainty is not predominant for the synthesis of these nuclei., Comment: 12 pages,7 figures

The charmed $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ hypernuclei are investigated within the framework of the density-dependent relativistic mean-field (DDRMF) theory. Starting from the empirical hyperon potential in symmetric nuclear matter, obtained through microscopic first-principle calculations, two sets of $\Lambda_c N$ effective interactions were derived by fitting the potentials with minimal uncertainty (Fermi momentum $k_{F,n} = 1.05~\rm{fm}^{-1}$) and near saturation density ($k_{F,n} = 1.35~\rm{fm}^{-1}$). These DDRMF models were then used to explore the $\Lambda_{c} N$ effective interaction uncertainties on the description of hypernuclear bulk and single-particle properties. A systematic investigation was conducted on the existence of bound $\Lambda_{c}^{+}$ hypernuclei. The dominant factors affecting the existence and stability of hypernuclei were analyzed from the perspective of the $\Lambda_{c}^{+}$ potential. It is found that the hyperon potential is not only influenced by the Coulomb repulsion, but by an extra contribution from the rearrangement terms due to the density dependence of the meson-baryon coupling strengths. Therefore, the rearrangement term significantly impacts the stability description for light hypernuclei, while for heavier hypernuclei, the contribution from Coulomb repulsion becomes increasingly significant and eventually dominant. The discussion then delves into the bulk and single-particle properties of charmed hypernuclei using these models. It is found that even when different models yield similar hyperon potentials for nuclear matter, different treatments of nuclear medium effects could lead to disparities in the theoretical description of hypernuclear structures. This study indicates that constraints on the $ \Lambda_{c} N $ interaction at finite densities are crucial for the study of $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ hypernuclear structures., Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables

In hypernuclear systems, interactions involving nucleons and hyperons are intricately influenced by the surrounding particles, particularly by the density and isospin feature of the nuclear medium. In this work, the relativistic mean-field (RMF) theory is adopted to describe the structure of several typical $ \Xi^{-} $ hypernuclei. New sets of $\Xi N$ effective interactions, by taking a density-dependent meson-nucleon/hyperon coupling perspective, are developed by fitting experimental data on the $\Xi^{-}$ hyperon $1s$ and $1p$ state separation energy of $^{15}_{\Xi^{-}}$C. It is found that the density-dependent behavior of meson-hyperon coupling strengths sensitively affects the description of hyperon single-particle levels, which play a crucial role in the consistent description of the theoretical and experimental separation energies of $\Xi^{-}$ $1s$ and $1p$ states in $^{15}_{\Xi^{-}}$C. In fact, the density-dependent meson-baryon coupling strengths introduce additional rearrangement contributions in the hyperon self-energy. Correspondingly, detailed forms of density dependence in these coupling strengths and different consideration of meson-baryon coupling channels will impact the hyperon single-particle properties within hypernuclei. Especially with the additional inclusion of isovector scalar $\delta$ meson, the significant enhancement of rearrangement terms in the effective interaction DD-ME$ \delta $ impacts the shape of the hyperon potential and alters the characteristics of the isovector channel dynamics balance in the effective nuclear force. Such effects may be crucial for describing hyperon separation energies in specific $\Xi^{-}$ hypernuclei such as $^{12}_{\Xi^{-}}$Be and in hypernuclei with higher mass numbers. Relevant research underscores the importance of precisely accounting for medium effects in hyperon-nucleon interactions., Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables

Photonuclear reactions using a laser Compton scattering (LCS) gamma source provide a new method for producing radioisotopes for medical applications. Compared with the conventional method, this method has the advantages of a high specific activity and less heat. Initiated by the Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source (SLEGS), we conducted a survey of potential photonuclear reactions, $(\upgamma,n)$, $(\upgamma,p)$, and $(\upgamma,\upgamma')$ whose cross-sections can be measured at SLEGS by summarizing the experimental progress. In general, the data are rare and occasionally inconsistent. Therefore, theoretical calculations are often used to evaluate the production of medical radioisotopes. Subsequently, we verified the model uncertainties of the widely used reaction code TALYS-1.96, using the experimental data of the \ce{^100Mo}$(\upgamma,n)$\ce{^99Mo}, \ce{^65Cu}$(\upgamma,n)$\ce{^64Cu}, and \ce{^68Zn}$(\upgamma,p)$\ce{^67Cu} reactions., Comment: 16 pages, 19 figures

The Schrodinger equation with a Yukawa type of potential is solved analytically. When different boundary conditions are taken into account, a series of solutions are indicated as Bessel function, the first kind of Hankel function and the second kind of Hankel function, respectively. Subsequently, the scattering processes of $K \bar{K}^*$ and $D \bar{ D}^*$ are investigated. In the $K \bar{K}^*$ sector, the $f_1(1285)$ particle is treated as a $K \bar{K}^*$ bound state, therefore, the coupling constant in the $K \bar{K}^*$ Yukawa potential can be fixed according to the binding energy of the $f_1(1285)$ particle. Consequently, a $K \bar{K}^*$ resonance state is generated by solving the Schrodinger equation with the outgoing wave condition, which lie at $1417-i18$MeV on the complex energy plane. It is reasonable to assume that the $K \bar{K}^*$ resonance state at $1417-i18$MeV might correspond to the $f_1(1420)$ particle in the review of Particle Data Group(PDG).In the $D \bar{D}^*$ sector, since the $X(3872)$ particle is almost located at the $D \bar{ D}^*$ threshold, the binding energy of it equals to zero approximately. Therefore, the coupling constant in the $D \bar{ D}^*$ Yukawa potential is determined, which is related to the first zero point of the zero order Bessel function. Similarly to the $K \bar{K}^*$ case, four resonance states are produced as solutions of the Schrodinger equation with the outgoing wave condition. It is assumed that the resonance states at $3885-i1$MeV, $4029-i108$ MeV, $4328-i191$MeV and $4772-i267$MeV might be associated with the $Zc(3900)$, the $X(3940)$, the $\chi_{c1}(4274)$ and $\chi_{c1}(4685)$ particles, respectively. It is noted that all solutions are isospin degenerate., Comment: 9 pages, 2 tables, 4 figures, to be published in Communications in Theoretical Physics

The in-medium feature of nuclear force which includes both nucleon-nucleon ($NN$) and hyperon-nucleon ($\Lambda N$) interactions impacts the description of single-$\Lambda$ hypernuclei. With the alternated mass number or isospin of hypernuclei, such effects could be unveiled by analyzing systematical evolution of the bulk and single-particle properties. From a density-dependent meson-nucleon/hyperon coupling perspective, a new $\Lambda N$ effective interaction in the covariant density functional (CDF) theory, namely DD-LZ1-$\Lambda1$, is obtained by fitting the experimental data of $\Lambda$ separation energies for several single-$\Lambda$ hypernuclei. It is then adopted to study the structure and transition properties of single-$\Lambda$ hypernuclei in Oxygen isotopes, comparing with several selected CDF Lagrangians. Discrepancy is observed explicitly in the isospin evolution of $\Lambda1p$ spin-orbit splitting with various effective interactions, ascribed to their divergence of the meson-hyperon coupling strengths with increasing density. In particular, the density-dependent CDFs introduce an extra contribution to enhance the isospin dependence of the splitting, which is originated from the rearrangement terms of $\Lambda$ self-energies. In addition, the characteristics of hypernuclear radii are studied along the isotopic chain. Owing to the impurity effect of $\Lambda$ hyperon, a size shrinkage is observed in the matter radii of hypernuclei as compared to their cores of normal nuclei, while its magnitude is elucidated further to correlate with the incompressibility of nuclear matter. Besides, there exists a sizable model-dependent trend that $\Lambda$ hyperon radii evolve with the neutron number, which is decided partly by the in-medium $NN$ interactions as well as the core polarization effects., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables

Charge-changing cross section ($\sigma_{\text{cc}}$) measurements via the transmission method have made important progress recently aiming to determine the charge radii of exotic nuclei. In this work, we report a new $\sigma_{\text{cc}}$ measurement of 304(9) MeV/nucleon $^{28}$Si on carbon at the second Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou (RIBLL2) and describe the data analysis procedure in detail. This procedure is essential to evaluate the systematic uncertainty in the transmission method. The determined $\sigma_{\mathrm{cc}}$ of 1125(11) mb is found to be consistent with the existing data at similar energies. The present work will serve as a reference in the $\sigma_{\text{cc}}$ determinations at RIBLL2., Comment: 9 pages, 13 figures, to be published in Chinese Physics C

The generalized parton distributions (GPDs) for the spin-3/2 $\Delta^+$ resonance are studied numerically by using a diquark spectator approach. Our results show that symmetric constraints from time reversal on GPDs are satisfied. The axial vector form factors of the system are also provided and compared with the lattice QCD calculation. Furthermore, the structure functions are obtained from GPDs in the forward limit. The evolution of structure functions to the scales up to 4 GeV are carried out as predictions for the possible lattice QCD calculations.

Elemental fragmentation cross sections (EFCSs) of stable and unstable nuclides have been investigated with various projectile-target combinations at a wide range of incident energies. These data are critical to constrain and develop the theoretical reaction models and to study the propagation of galactic cosmic rays (GCR). In this work, we present a new EFCS measurement for $^{28}$Si on carbon at 218~MeV/nucleon performed at the Heavy Ion Research Facility (HIRFL-CSR) complex in Lanzhou. The impact of the target thickness has been well corrected to derive an accurate EFCS. Our present results with charge changes $\Delta Z$ = 1-6 are compared to the previous measurements and to the predictions from the models modified EPAX2, EPAX3, FRACS, ABRABLA07, NUCFRG2, and IQMD coupled with GEMINI (IQMD+GEMINI). All the models fail to describe the odd-even staggering strength in the elemental distribution, with the exception of the IQMD+GEMINI model, which can reproduce the EFCSs with an accuracy of better than 3.5\% for $\Delta Z\leq5$. The IQMD+GEMINI analysis shows that the odd-even staggering in EFCSs occurs in the sequential statistical decay stage rather than in the initial dynamical collision stage. This offers a reasonable approach to understand the underlying mechanism of fragmentation reactions., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures

Generalized parton distribution functions (GPDs) of spin-3/2 particles are defined for the first time in this paper. Eight unpolarized and eight polarized GPDs are found. In the forward limit of GPDs, the structure functions and parton distribution functions are obtained. Then, the sum rules that connect the GPDs with the electromagnetic and gravitational form factors are explicitly displayed. Finally, the relations between GPDs and the helicity amplitudes of the system are derived., Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures

In the framework of Thomas-Fermi approximation, we study systematically the EOSs and microscopic structures of neutron star matter in a vast density range with $n_\mathrm{b}\approx 10^{-10}$-2 $\mathrm{fm}^{-3}$, where various covariant density functionals are adopted, i.e., those with nonlinear self couplings (NL3, PK1, TM1, GM1, MTVTC) and density-dependent couplings (DD-LZ1, DDME-X, PKDD, DD-ME2, DD2, TW99). It is found that the EOSs generally coincide with each other at $n_\mathrm{b}\lesssim 10^{-4}$ fm${}^{-3}$ and 0.1 fm${}^{-3}\lesssim n_\mathrm{b} \lesssim 0.3$ fm${}^{-3}$, while in other density regions they are sensitive to the effective interactions between nucleons. By adopting functionals with larger slope of symmetry energy $L$, the curvature parameter $K_\mathrm{sym}$ and neutron drip density generally increase, while the droplet size, proton number of nucleus, core-crust transition density, and onset density of non-spherical nuclei decrease. All functionals predict neutron stars with maximum masses exceeding the two-solar-mass limit, while those of DD2, DD-LZ1, DD-ME2, and DDME-X predict optimum neutron star radii according to the observational constraints. Nevertheless, the corresponding skewness coefficients $J$ are much lager than expected, while only the functionals MTVTC and TW99 meet the start-of-art constraints on $J$. More accurate measurements on the radius of PSR J0740+6620 and the maximum mass of neutron stars are thus essential to identify the functional that satisfies all constraints from nuclear physics and astrophysical observations. Approximate linear correlations between neutron stars' radii at $M=1.4 M_{\odot}$ and $2 M_{\odot}$, the slope $L$ and curvature parameter $K_\mathrm{sym}$ of symmetry energy are observed as well, which is mainly attributed to the curvature-slope correlations in the functionals adopted here., Comment: The EOS tables can be found at: teacher.yzu.edu.cn/CJXia/en/lwcg/492393/content/79242.htm

We investigate the mechanical structure of a spin-1 particle. Introducing three different frameworks, i.e., the three-dimensional (3D) Breit frame, the two-dimensional (2D) Breit frame, and the 2D infinite momentum frame (equivalently the two-dimensional Drell-Yan frame), we scrutinize the 2D and 3D energy-momentum tensor (EMT) distributions in these frames. We first derive the EMT distributions in the 2D Breit frame by performing the Abel transformation. The mass distribution in the 2D Breit frame contains an additional monopole contribution induced geometrically. The pressure distribution in the 2D Breit frame also gets an induced monopole structure. When the Lorentz boost is carried out, the mass distribution in the 2D infinite-momentum frame acquires the induced dipole term. Similarly, we also have the induced dipole contributions to the pressure and shear-force densities. We visualize the 2D mass distributions when the spin-1 particle is polarized along the $x$- and $z$-axes. We observe that the 2D mass distribution in the infinite momentum frame exhibit clearly the induced dipole structure when the spin-1 particle is polarized along the $x$-axis. We also discuss the strong force fields inside a polarized spin-1 particle., Comment: 28 pages and 9 figures

The strong attractive interaction of the $\phi$ meson and the proton is reported by ALICE collaboration recently. The corresponding scattering length $f_0$ is given as $Re(f_0)=0.85\pm0.34(stat)\pm0.14(syst)$fm and $Im(f_0)=0.16\pm0.10(stat)\pm0.09(syst)$fm. The fact that the real part is significant in contrast to the imaginary part indicates a dominate role of the elastic scattering, whereas the inelastic process is less important. In this work, such scattering processes are inspected based on a unitary coupled-channel approach inspired by Bethe-Salpeter equation. The $\phi p$ scattering length is calculated based on this approach, and it is found that the experimental value of the $\phi p$ scattering length can be obtained only if the attractive interaction of the $\phi$ meson and the proton is taken into account. A significant outcome of such attractive interaction is a two-pole structure in the $\phi p$ scattering amplitude. One of the pole, locating at $(1969-i283)$~MeV might correspond to $N(1895)1/2^-$ or $N(1875)3/2^-$ listed in the review of the Particle Data Group(PDG). The other one, locating at ${1949-i3}$~MeV should be a $\phi N$ bound state, which has no counterpart in the PDG data., Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures and 4 tables. To be published in Communications in Theoretical Physics

The nuclear symmetry energy plays a key role in determining the equation of state (EoS) of dense, neutron-rich matter, which connects the atomic nuclei with the hot and dense matter in universe, thus has been the subject of intense investigations in laboratory experiments, astronomy observations and theories. Various probes have been proposed to constrain the symmetry energy and its density dependence. Currently, the extensive data yield already a good and consistent constraint to the symmetry energy ($E_\text{sym}(\rho)$) at saturation density, but do not yet give a consistent result of one critical EoS parameter, $L$, the density dependence of the symmetry energy. In this work, we report a new probe of $L$ at saturation density. A good linear correlation is found between $L$ and the charge changing cross section difference ($\Delta\sigma_\text{cc}$) of mirror nuclei $^{30}$Si-$^{30}$S for both the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock theory (SHF) and covariant (relativistic) density functionals (CDF). We found that the pairing effect for this mirror pair is essential to get a consistent correlation between $L$ and $\Delta\sigma_\text{cc}$ in both the SHF and CDF. Here, the cross sections are calculated on the same target and at the same energy using the zero-range optical-limit Glauber model. The linearity is found to be in the same precision as those found between $L$ and neutron skin thickness or proton radius difference., Comment: 8 pages; 4 figures

We extend the relativistic Hartree-Fock (RHF) theory to study the structure of single-$\Lambda$ hypernuclei. The density dependence is taken in both meson-nucleon and meson-hyperon coupling strengths, and the induced $\Lambda$-nucleon ($\Lambda N$) effective interactions are determined by fitting $\Lambda$ separation energies to the experimental data for several single-$\Lambda$ hypernuclei. The equilibrium of nuclear dynamics described by the RHF model in normal atomic nuclei, namely, the balance between nuclear attractive and repulsive interactions, is then found to be drastically changed in single-$\Lambda$ hypernuclei, revealing a different role of Fock terms via $\Lambda$ hyperon from the nucleon exchange. Since only one hyperon exists in a single-$\Lambda$ hypernucleus, the overwhelmed $\Lambda N$ and $\Lambda\Lambda$ attractions via the Hartree than the $\Lambda\Lambda$ repulsion from the Fock terms require an alternation of meson-hyperon coupling strengths in RHF to rebalance the effective nuclear force with the strangeness degree of freedom, leading to an improved description of $\Lambda$ Dirac mass and correspondingly a systematically reduced $\sigma$-$\Lambda$ coupling strength $g_{\sigma\Lambda}$ in current models as compared to those relativistic mean-field (RMF) approaches without Fock terms. As a result, the effective $\Lambda$ spin-orbit coupling potential in the ground state of hypernuclei is suppressed, and these RHF models predict correspondingly a quenching effect in $\Lambda$ spin-orbit splitting in comparison with the RMF cases. Furthermore, the $\Lambda$ spin-orbit splitting could decrease efficiently by evolving the hyperon-relevant couplings $g_{\sigma\Lambda}$ and $g_{\omega\Lambda}$ simultaneously, where to reconcile with the empirical value the RHF models address a larger parameter space of meson-hyperon couplings., Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures

Considering the effects of charge screening, we propose a new numerical recipe within the framework of Thomas-Fermi approximation, where the properties of nuclear matter throughout a vast density range can be obtained self-consistently. Assuming spherical and cylindrical approximations for the Wigner-Seitz cell, typical nuclear matter structures (droplet, rod, slab, tube, bubble, and uniform) are observed. We then investigate the EOSs and microscopic structures of nuclear matter with both fixed proton fractions and $\beta$-equilibration, where two covariant density functionals DD-LZ1 and DD-ME2 are adopted. Despite the smaller slope $L$ of symmetry energy obtained with the functional DD-LZ1, the curvature parameter $K_\mathrm{sym}$ is much larger than that of DD-ME2, which is attributed to the peculiar density-dependent behavior of meson-nucleon couplings guided by the restoration of pseudo-spin symmetry around the Fermi levels in finite nuclei. Consequently, different mass-radius relations of neutron stars are predicted by the two functionals. Different microscopic structures of nonuniform nuclear matter are obtained as well, which are expected to affect various physical processes in neutron star properties and evolutions.

In this work, the electromagnetic and gravitational form factors of a spin-$3/2$ particle, $\Delta$ resonance, are simultaneously calculated with the help of a relativistic covariant quark-diquark approach. The two kinds of form factors are separately extracted from the matrix elements of the electromagnetic current and of the energy-momentum tensor of the system. Our numerical results show that the approach can well reproduce the electromagnetic monopole, dipole, quadrupole, and octupole form factors comparing to the Lattice calculations. Our obtained electromagnetic moments are also comparable with some other approaches. Moreover, the obtained gravitational form factors, which give the mechanical properties of the system like the mass and spin distributions, are also displayed for the $\Delta$ isobar. In addition, some discussions of the sign and the interpretation of the D-term are particularly given.

The interaction of the pseudoscalar meson and the baryon octet is investigated by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation in the infinite and finite volume respectively. It is found that there is a resonance state generated dynamically, which owns a mass about 1550MeV and a large decay width of 120-200MeV. This resonance state couples strongly to the $\pi \Xi$ channel. Therefore, it might not correspond to the $\Xi(1620)$ particle announced by Belle collaboration. At the same time, this problem is studied in the finite volume, and an energy level at 1570MeV is obtained, which is between the $\pi \Xi$ and $\bar{K}\Lambda$ thresholds and independent of the cubic box size.

We study quantum information masking of arbitrary dimensional states. Given a set of fixed reducing pure states, we study the linear combinations of them, such that they all have the same marginal states with the given ones. We define the so called Hadamard set of quantum states whose Gram-Schmidt matrix can be diagonalized by Hadamard unitary matrices. We show that any Hadamard set can be deterministically masked by a unitary operation. We analyze the states which can be masked together with the given Hadamard set using the result about the linear combinations of fixed reducing states. Detailed examples are given to illustrate our results., Comment: 10 pages, 0figures

We construct the grand partition function of the system of massive Dirac fermions in a uniform magnetic field from Landau levels, through which all thermodynamic quantities can be obtained. Making use of the Abel-Plana formula, these thermodynamic quantities can be expanded as power series with respect to the dimensionless variable $b=2eB/T^{2}$. The zero-field magnetic susceptibility is expanded at zero mass, and the leading order term is logarithmic. We also calculate scalar, vector current, axial vector current and energy-momentum tensor of the system through ensemble average approach. Mass correction to chiral separation effect is discussed. For massless chiral fermions, our results recover the chiral magnetic effect for right- and left-handed fermions, as well as chiral separation effect., Comment: 22 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2005.08512

Rare information on photodisintegration reactions of nuclei with mass numbers $A \approx 160$ at astrophysical conditions impedes our understanding of the origin of $p$-nuclei. Experimental determination of the key ($p,\gamma$) cross sections has been playing an important role to verify nuclear reaction models and to provide rates of relevant ($\gamma,p$) reactions in $\gamma$-process. In this paper we report the first cross section measurements of $^{160}$Dy($p,\gamma$)$^{161}$Ho and $^{161}$Dy($p,n$)$^{161}$Ho in the beam energy range of 3.4 - 7.0 MeV, partially covering the Gamow window. Such determinations are possible by using two targets with various isotopic fractions. The cross section data can put a strong constraint on the nuclear level densities and gamma strength functions for $A \approx$ 160 in the Hauser-Feshbach statistical model. Furthermore, we find the best parameters for TALYS that reproduce the A $\thicksim$ 160 data available, $^{160}$Dy($p,\gamma$)$^{161}$Ho and $^{162}$Er($p,\gamma$)$^{163}$Tm, and recommend the constrained $^{161}$Ho($\gamma,p$)$^{160}$Dy reaction rates over a wide temperature range for $\gamma$-process network calculations. Although the determined $^{161}$Ho($\gamma$, p) stellar reaction rates at the temperature of 1 to 2 GK can differ by up to one order of magnitude from the NON-SMOKER predictions, it has a minor effect on the yields of $^{160}$Dy and accordingly the $p$-nuclei, $^{156,158}$Dy. A sensitivity study confirms that the cross section of $^{160}$Dy($p$, $\gamma$)$^{161}$Ho is measured precisely enough to predict yields of $p$-nuclei in the $\gamma$-process., Comment: 12 pages,9 figures

We compute trace anomaly contribution to hydrogen atom mass, which turns out to be related to the part of the Lamb shift. This finding might shed new light on our understandings of the mass structure of QCD bound states, such as, proton., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures

The energy-momentum tensor (EMT) for a spin-3/2 baryon is related to \emph{seven} mechanical quantities. In this work, we provide the general form of the gravitational form factors (GFFs) for a spin-3/2 baryon by using the multipole expansion and interesting relations between the EMT densities and the GFFs. To verify those general relations, we study the nucleon and the $\Delta$ GFFs within the SU(2) Skyrme model based on the large $N_{c}$ limit., Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures

Genuine multipartite entanglement plays important roles in quantum information processing. The detection of genuine multipartite entanglement has been long time a challenging problem in the theory of quantum entanglement. We propose a criterion for detecting genuine tripartite entanglement of arbitrary dimensional tripartite states based on quantum Fisher information. We show that this criterion is more effective for some states in detecting genuine tripartite entanglement by detailed example., Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures

The LaBr$_3$(Ce) detector has attracted much attention in recent years for its superior characteristics to other scintillating materials in terms of resolution and efficiency. However, it has relatively high intrinsic radiation background due to the naturally occurring radioisotope in lanthanum, actinium and their daughter nuclei. This limits its applications in low counting rate experiments. In this paper, we identified the radioactive isotopes in the $\phi3''\times 3''$ Saint-Gobain B380 detector by a coincidence measurement using a Clover detector in a low-background shielding system. Moreover, we carried out a Geant4 simulation to the experimental spectra to evaluate the activities of the main internal radiation components. % by means of the $\alpha$, $\gamma$ and $\beta$ decays from the $^{138}$La and $^{227}$Ac. The activity of radiation background of B380 is determined to be 1.480 (69) Bq/cm$^3$, the main sources of which include $^{138}$La of 1.425 (59) Bq/cm$^3$, $^{211}$Bi of 0.0136 (15) Bq/cm$^3$, $^{219}$Rn of 0.0125 (17) Bq/cm$^3$, $^{223}$Ra of 0.0127 (14) Bq/cm$^3$, and $^{227}$Th of 0.0158 (22) Bq/cm$^3$., Comment: 7 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables

We study the minimum time to implement an arbitrary two-qubit gate in two heteronuclear spins systems. We give a systematic characterization of two-qubit gates based on the invariants of local equivalence. The quantum gates are classified into four classes, and for each class the analytical formula of the minimum time to implement the quantum gates is explicitly presented. For given quantum gates, by calculating the corresponding invariants one easily obtains the classes to which the quantum gates belong. In particular, we analyze the effect of global phases on the minimum time to implement the gate. Our results present complete solutions to the optimal time problem in implementing an arbitrary two-qubit gate in two heteronuclear spins systems. Detailed examples are given to typical two-qubit gates with or without global phases., Comment: 12 pages, 0 figures

The $\rho$ meson gravitational form factors are studied based on a light-front constituent quark model which has been successfully employed to calculate its generalized parton distributions and some low-energy observables. The distributions of energy, spin, pressures, and shear forces inside the $\rho$ meson are explicitly given.

The quantum measurement incompatibility is a distinctive feature of quantum mechanics. We investigate the incompatibility of a set of general measurements and classify the incompatibility by the hierarchy of compatibilities of its subsets. By using the approach of adding noises to measurement operators we present a complete classification of the incompatibility of a given measurement assemblage with $n$ members. Detailed examples are given to the incompatibility for unbiased qubit measurements based on semidefinite programm., Comment: 11pages,0 figures

The pseudoscalar meson-baryon octet interaction is studied within a nonlinear realized Lagrangian, and then the Bethe-Salpeter equation is solved in the unitary coupled-channel approximation. In sector of strangeness $S=-1$ and isospin $I=0$, only one pole is generated dynamically in the 1400MeV region, which might correspond to the $\Lambda(1405)$ particle. When the case of strangeness zero is studied, the $s-$ and $u-$ potentials are taken into account in the kernel, and a resonance state is produced in the 1500MeV region, which might be a counterpart of the N(1535) particle., Comment: 5 pages. Talk given at the XVIII International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy and Structure(HADRON2019), August 16-21, Guilin, China

The collective excitation of nuclear matter is analyzed in a bosonized Landau Fermi liquid model. When the nonlinear self-interacting terms of scalar mesons are included in Walecka model, the collective excitation energy of nuclear matter can be obtained self-consistently, and the calculation results are consistent with the corresponding experimental data of the nucleus ${}^{208}Pb$ when the quantum number of the orientation of the total spin $m$ is zero. The cases with the nonzero $m$ values are also studied, and it is found that the collective excitation energy of nuclear matter decreases with the absolute value of $m$ increasing when the total spin is conserved. Moreover, four kinds of collective excitation modes of nuclear matter are discussed when the isospin and spin of nucleons are taken into account. The direct interaction between two nucleons near Fermi surface only changes the effective nucleon mass and Fermi velocity, while the exchange interaction plays an critical role in the collective excitation of nuclear matter., Comment: 21 pages, 3 figures and 2 tables, Accepted by Nuclear Physics A

A stable single-photon source working at high temperatures with high brightness and covering full band emission from one host material is critically important for quantum technologies. Here, we find that the certain hBN single-photon emissions (SPEs) can be significantly enhanced by lasers with special wavelengths, which largely broaden the wavelength range of the hBN emitters, down to ultraviolet (357 nm) and up to near-infrared (912 nm). Importantly, these hBN SPEs are still stable even at the temperature up to 1100 Kelvin. The decoupling between single-photon and acoustic phonon is observed at high temperatures. Our work suggests that hBN can be a good host material for generating single-photon sources with ultrabroad wavelength range., Comment: 4 Figures

The properties of critical parameters and phase diagram structure of liquid-gas phase transition are investigated in thermal symmetric and asymmetric nuclear matter with the covariant density functional (CDF) theory. Although uncertainty remains in predicting the critical parameters such as the critical temperature and pressure from various CDF functionals, several correlations are explored numerically and verified to be approximately linear between them. These correlations become worse when nuclear matter is more isospin asymmetric, resulting mainly from the effects induced by symmetry energy. By looking over the isospin dependence of the critical temperature, the role of the symmetry energy in LG transition properties of asymmetric matter is realized. The change of critical temperature with isospin asymmetry is found to be correlated well with and as a consequence could be constrained by the density slope of symmetry energy at saturation density. Then, the structure of phase diagram of thermal nuclear matter is analyzed carefully. It is revealed that the contribution from symmetry energy dominates the size of liquid-gas phase coexistence area. Moreover, the specific pattern of the phase diagram could be determined by the critical temperature at non-zero isospin asymmetry, illustrated from the correlations of the temperature with pressures at several characteristic points, paving the possible way to further explore the structure of liquid-gas phase diagram of thermal nuclear matter., Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables

Comparing with a wide range of covariant energy density functional models based on the finite-range meson-exchange representation, the relativistic mean-field models with the zero-range contact interaction, namely the relativistic point-coupling models, are still infrequent to be utilized in establishing nuclear equation of state (EoS) and investigating neutron star properties, although comprehensive applications and achievements of them in describing many nuclear properties both in ground and exited states are mature. In this work, the EoS of neutron star matter is established constructively in the framework of the relativistic point-coupling models to study neutron star physics. Taking two selected functionals DD-PC1 and PC-PK1 as examples, nuclear symmetry energies and several neutron star properties including proton fractions, mass-radius relations, the core-crust transition density, the fraction of crustal moment of inertia and dimensionless tidal deformabilities are discussed. A suppression of pressure of neutron star matter found in the functional PC-PK1 at high densities results in the difficulty of its prediction when approaching to the maximum mass of neutron stars. In addition, the divergences between two selected functionals in describing neutron star quantities mentioned above are still large, ascribing to the less constrained behavior of these functionals at high densities. Then it is expected that the constraints on the dense matter EoS from precise and massive modern astronomical observations, such as the tidal-deformabilities taken from gravitational-wave events, would be essential to improve the parameterizing of the relativistic point-coupling models., Comment: To appear in the AIP Proceedings of the Xiamen-CUSTIPEN Workshop on the EOS of Dense Neutron-Rich Matter in the Era of Gravitational Wave Astronomy, Jan. 3-7, Xiamen, China

The high-spin structure of $^{109}$In was investigated with the $^{100}$Mo($^{14}$N, 5$n$)$^{109}$In fusion-evaporation reaction at CIAE, Beijing. Eleven new $\gamma$-rays of $^{109}$In were identified, by which the bandheads of the $\Delta I$=2 rotational bands were confirmed. The configurations were assigned with the help of the systematic discussion. Furthermore, the rotational bands are compared with the tilted-axis cranking calculations based on a relativistic mean-field approach. The rotational bands involving the $1p1h$ excitation to the $\pi$$d_{5/2}$ and $\pi$$g_{7/2}$ orbitals are suggested as candidates for antimagnetic rotation based on the theoretical results., Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures

We define the form factors of the quark and gluon symmetric energy-momentum tensor (EMT). The static EMT is related to the spatial distributions of energy, spin, pressure and shear forces. They are obtained in the form of a multipole expansion. The relations between gravitational form factors and the generalised parton distributions are given.

The interaction of the pseudoscalar meson and the baryon octet is investigated by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation in the unitary coupled-channel approximation, In addition to the Weinberg-Tomozawa term, the contribution of the $s-$ and $u-$ channel potentials in the S-wave approximation are taken into account. In the sector of isospin $I=1/2$ and strangeness $S=0$, a pole is detected in the reasonable region on the complex energy plane of $\sqrt{s}$ in the center of mass frame by analyzing the behavior of the scattering amplitude, which is higher than the $\eta N$ threshold and lies on the third Riemann sheet. Thus it can be regarded as a resonance state and might correspond to the $N(1535)$ particle in the review of the Particle Data Group(PDG). The coupling constants of this resonance state to the $\pi N$, $\eta N$, $K \Lambda$ and $K \Sigma$ channels are calculated, and it is found that this resonance state couples strongly to the hidden strange channels. Apparently, the hidden strange channels play an important role in the generation of the resonance state with strangeness zero. The interaction of the pseudoscalar meson and the baryon octet is repulsive in the sector of isospin $I=3/2$ and strangeness $S=0$, therefore, no resonance state can be generated dynamically., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures and 4 tables, to be published in Chinese Physics C

The $\rho$ meson polarized generalized parton distribution functions, its structure functions $g_1$ and $g_2$ and its axial form factors ${\tilde G}_{1,2}$ are studied based on a light-front quark model for the first time. Comparing our obtained moments of $g_1$ to lattice QCD calculation, we find that our results are reasonably consistent to the Lattice predictions.

Based on the Hugenholtz-Van Hove theorem, the symmetry energy $J$ and its density slope parameter $L$ are decomposed in terms of the nucleon self-energies within the covariant density functional (CDF) theory. It is found that two structural connections between the different ingredients of $J$ and $L$ construct the fundamental correlation between $L$ and $J$ in the relativistic covariant framework, while the additional contribution from the isovector scalar channel of nucleon-nucleon interaction and those from the second-order symmetry self-energies lead to a deviation, especially the latter limits severely its correlation coefficient and confidence level. In addition, the relationship between the Landau mass $M_L^*$ and the Dirac mass $M_D^*$ is approximated to a reliable linear correlation, which is demonstrate to be sensitive to the momentum dependence of the nucleon self-energies., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, corresponding to the talk given in NuSYM2018

The $K\bar{K}^*$ interaction Lagrangian is constructed when the $SU(3)$ hidden gauge symmetry is taken into account, and then the $K\bar{K}^*$ potential is obtained. In the low energy region, the $K\bar{K}^*$ potential mainly comes from the contribution of the $t-$channel interaction by exchanging $\rho$,$\omega$ and $\varphi$ mesons, respectively. The $K\bar{K}^*$ amplitude is investigated by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation in the unitary coupled-channel approximation, where the loop function of the vector and pseudoscalar mesons are evaluated in the dimensional regularization scheme, and the contribution of the longitudinal part of the intermediate vector meson propagator is included in the calculation. Finally, it is found that a resonance state of $K\bar{K}^*$ is generated in the isospin $I=0$ sector, which might correspond to the $f_1(1420)$ particle in the review of the particle data group(PDG). Moreover, in the isospin $I=1$ sector, a pole of the $K\bar{K}^*$ amplitude is detected at $1425-i316$MeV on the complex plane of the total energy in the center of mass system, which is higher than the $K\bar{K}^*$ threshold. Thus this pole might be a resonance state of $K\bar{K}^*$ although no counterpart has been found in the PDG review., Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure and 1 table

We perform the flavour $SU(3)$ analysis of the recently discovered $\Omega(2012)$ hyperon. We find that well known (four star) $\Delta(1700)$ resonance with quantum numbers of $J^P=3/2^-$ is a good candidate for the decuplet partner of $\Omega(2012)$ if the branching for the three-body decays of the latter is not too large $\le 70$\%. That implies that the quantum numbers of $\Omega(2012)$ are $I(J^P)=0(3/2^-)$. The predictions for the properties of still missing $\Sigma$ and $\Xi$ decuplet members are made. We also discuss the implications of the ${ \overline{ K} \Xi(1530)}$ molecular picture of $\Omega(2012)$. Crucial experimental tests to distinguish various pictures of $\Omega(2012)$ are suggested., Comment: 6 pages, discussion of the Omega(2012) width in the molecular picture is added

In this paper, the $\rho$ meson impact parameter dependent parton distributions and the impact parameter dependent form factors are introduced and discussed. By employing a Gaussian form wave packet, we calculate the impact parameter distributions of $\rho$ meson based on a light-front constituent quark model.

With the inclusion of the isovector scalar channel in the meson-nucleon couplings, taking DD-ME$\delta$ as an effective interaction, the moments of inertia of neutron stars possessing various stellar masses are studied within the density dependent relativistic mean field (RMF) theory. The isovector scalar channel contributes to the softening of the neutron-star matter equation of state (EOS) and therefore the reduction of the maximum mass and radius of neutron stars. Smaller values of the total moment of inertia $I$ and the crustal moment of inertia $\Delta{I}$ are then obtained in DD-ME$\delta$ via numerical procedure in comparison with those in other selected RMF functionals. In addition, the involvement of the isovector scalar channel lowers the thickness of the neutron star crust and its mass fraction as well. The sensitivity to both the crustal mass and stellar radius causes the crustal moment of inertia to be more obviously reduced than the total one, eventually leading to a suppression on the fraction of crustal moment of inertia $\Delta{I}/I$ in DD-ME$\delta$. The results indicate the crustal moment of inertia as a more sensitive probe of the neutron-star matter EOS than the total one, and demonstrate that the isovector scalar meson-nucleon couplings in the RMF theory could exert influence over the physics of pulsar glitches., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, to be published in SCIENCE CHINA Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy

Adopting the density dependent relativistic mean-field (RMF) and relativistic Hartree-Fock (RHF) approaches, the properties of the nuclear fourth-order symmetry energy $S_4$ are studied within the covariant density functional (CDF) theory. It is found that the fourth-order symmetry energies are suppressed in RHF at both saturation and supranuclear densities, where the extra contribution from the Fock terms is demonstrated, specifically via the isoscalar meson-nucleon coupling channels. The reservation of $S_4$ and higher-order symmetry energies in the nuclear equation of state then affects essentially the prediction of neutron star properties, which is illustrated in the quantities such as the proton fraction, the core-crust transition density as well as the fraction of crustal moment of inertia. Since the Fock terms enhance the density dependence of the thermodynamical potential, the RHF calculations predict systematically smaller values of density, proton fraction and pressure at the core-crust transition boundary of neutron stars than density dependent RMF ones. In addition, a linear anti-correlation between the core-crust transition density $\rho_t$ and the density slope of symmetry energy $L$ is found which is then utilized to constrain the core-crust transition density as $\rho_t\thicksim[0.069, 0.098]~\rm{fm}^{-3}$ with the recent empirical information on $L$. The study clarifies the important role of the fourth-order symmetry energy in determining the properties of nuclear matter at extreme isospin or density conditions., Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables, to be published in Physical Review C

The RIBLL2 in-flight separator at IMP, the secondary beam line between two storage rings at the \blue{\uwave{Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL-CSR)}}, has been commissioned to study the rare-isotope beam (RIB) physics at around 300 MeV/nucleon for the first time, in combination of the external target facility (ETF). The unambiguous particle identification in mass and charge states for $^{18}$O and $^{40}$Ar fragments has been achieved in recent experiments. A full realization of RIBLL2 will open many potentials to address important RIB physics problems at around 300 MeV/nucleon., Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures

The spin-dependent nature of the nuclear tensor force is studied in details within the relativistic Hartree-Fock approach. The relativistic formalism for the tensor force is supplemented with an additional Lorentz-invariant tensor formalism in $\sigma$-scalar channel, so as to take into account almost fully the nature of the tensor force brought about by the Fock diagrams in realistic nuclei. Specifically, the tensor sum rules are tested for the spin and pseudo-spin partners with/without nodes, to further understand the tensor force nature within relativistic model. It is shown that the interference between two components of nucleon spinors brings distinct violations on the tensor sum rules in realistic nuclei , which is mainly due to the opposite sign on $\kappa$ quantities of the upper and lower components as well as the nodal difference. Even though, the sum rules can be precisely reproduced if taking the same radial wave functions for the spin/pseudo-spin partners in addition to neglecting the lower/upper components, revealing clearly the nature of tensor force., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, 6 tables, to be published in Chinese Physics C

The $D \bar{D}^*$ interaction via a $\rho$ or $\omega$ exchange is constructed within an extended hidden gauge symmetry approach, where the strange quark is replaced by the charm quark in the $SU(3)$ flavor space. With this $D \bar{D}^*$ interaction, a bound state slightly lower than the $D \bar{D}^*$ threshold is generated dynamically in the isospin zero sector by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation in the coupled-channel approximation, which might correspond to the $X(3872)$ particle announced by many collaborations. This formulism is also used to study the $B \bar{B}^*$ interaction, and a $B \bar{B}^*$ bound state with isospin zero is generated dynamically, which has no counterpart listed in the review of the Particle Data Group. Furthermore, the one-pion exchange between the $D$ meson and the $\bar{D}^*$ is analyzed precisely, and we do not think the one-pion exchange potential need be considered when the Bethe-Salpeter equation is solved., Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure, 2 tables

We study $\rho$ meson unpolarized generalized parton distributions based on a light-front constituent quark model where the quark-antiquark-meson vertex is constructed under the symmetric loop momentum convention. The form factors and some other low-energy observables of the $\rho$ meson are calculated. Moreover, the contributions to the form factors and generalized parton distributions from the valence and nonvalence regimes are discussed and analyzed in detail. In the forward limit, the usual structure functions are estimated as well. In addition, by evolving the moments of the obtained structure functions to the scale of the lattice calculation, we give the factorization scale of our quark model. It is found that the present phenomenological model is reasonable to describe the general properties of $\rho$ meson.

We study the local unitary equivalence for two and three-qubit mixed states by investigating the invariants under local unitary transformations. For two-qubit system, we prove that the determination of the local unitary equivalence of 2-qubits states only needs 14 or less invariants for arbitrary two-qubit states. Using the same method, we construct invariants for three-qubit mixed states. We prove that these invariants are sufficient to guarantee the LU equivalence of certain kind of three-qubit states. Also, we make a comparison with earlier works., Comment: 12 pages

A Monte Carlo method based on the GEANT4 toolkit has been developed to correct the full-energy peak (FEP) efficiencies of a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector equipped with a low background shielding system, and moreover evaluated using summing peaks in a numerical way. It is found that the FEP efficiencies of $^{60}$Co, $^{133}$Ba and $^{152}$Eu can be improved up to 18\% by taking the calculated true summing \mbox{coincidence} factors (TSCFs) correction into account. Counts of summing coincidence $\gamma$ peaks in the spectrum of $^{152}$Eu can be well reproduced using the corrected efficiency curve within an accuracy of 3\%., Comment: replace with the accepted version

The $D \bar{D}^*$ interaction via a $\pi \psi$ intermediate state is studied carefully in the isospin $I=1$ sector. By solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation in the unitary coupled-channel approximation, we obtain the S-wave amplitude as a function of the total energy of the system in the center of mass frame. A resonance state is generated dynamically in the 3900MeV region, which might correspond to the $Zc(3900)$ particle. Moreover, the loop function of a vector meson and a pseudoscalar meson is deduced explicitly in the dimensional regularization scheme and the contribution of the longitudinal part of the vector meson propagator is taken into account. The initial and final polarization vectors in the vertex of the vector meson and the pseudoscalar meson are eliminated when the Bethe-Salpeter equation is solved, and it is certified that the amplitude is still unitary in the calculation., Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, The unitarity is proved