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Start Over Author "Shapiro, Jesse" Publication Type Reports
81 results on '"Shapiro, Jesse"'

2. A Linear Panel Model with Heterogeneous Coefficients and Variation in Exposure

Author

Sun, Liyang and Shapiro, Jesse M.

Abstract

Linear panel models featuring unit and time fixed effects appear in many areas of empirical economics. An active literature studies the interpretation of the ordinary least squares estimator of the model, commonly called the two-way fixed effects (TWFE) estimator, in the presence of unmodeled coefficient heterogeneity. We illustrate some implications for the case where the research design takes advantage of variation across units (say, US states) in exposure to some treatment (say, a policy change). In this case, the TWFE can fail to estimate the average (or even a weighted average) of the units' coefficients. Under some conditions, there exists "no" estimator that is guaranteed to estimate even a weighted average. Building on the literature, we note that when there is a unit totally unaffected by treatment, it is possible to estimate an average effect by replacing the TWFE with an average of difference-in-differences estimators. [This paper was published in "Journal of Economic Perspectives" v36 n4 Fall 2022.]

Published
2022
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3. Analyzing Polarization in Social Media: Method and Application to Tweets on 21 Mass Shootings

Author

Demszky, Dorottya, Garg, Nikhil, Voigt, Rob, Zou, James, Gentzkow, Matthew, Shapiro, Jesse, and Jurafsky, Dan

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

We provide an NLP framework to uncover four linguistic dimensions of political polarization in social media: topic choice, framing, affect and illocutionary force. We quantify these aspects with existing lexical methods, and propose clustering of tweet embeddings as a means to identify salient topics for analysis across events; human evaluations show that our approach generates more cohesive topics than traditional LDA-based models. We apply our methods to study 4.4M tweets on 21 mass shootings. We provide evidence that the discussion of these events is highly polarized politically and that this polarization is primarily driven by partisan differences in framing rather than topic choice. We identify framing devices, such as grounding and the contrasting use of the terms "terrorist" and "crazy", that contribute to polarization. Results pertaining to topic choice, affect and illocutionary force suggest that Republicans focus more on the shooter and event-specific facts (news) while Democrats focus more on the victims and call for policy changes. Our work contributes to a deeper understanding of the way group divisions manifest in language and to computational methods for studying them., Comment: NAACL 2019; code and data available at https://github.com/ddemszky/framing-twitter

Published
2019

20. Does Television Rot Your Brain? New Evidence from the Coleman Study. NBER Working Paper No. 12021

Author

National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA., Gentzkow, Matthew, and Shapiro, Jesse M.

Abstract

We use heterogeneity in the timing of television's introduction to different local markets to identify the effect of preschool television exposure on standardized test scores later in life. Our preferred point estimate indicates that an additional year of preschool television exposure raises average test scores by about .02 standard deviations. We are able to reject negative effects larger than about .03 standard deviations per year of television exposure. For reading and general knowledge scores, the positive effects we find are marginally statistically significant, and these effects are largest for children from households where English is not the primary language, for children whose mothers have less than a high school education, and for non-white children. To capture more general effects on human capital, we also study the effect of childhood television exposure on school completion and subsequent labor market earnings, and again find no evidence of a negative effect.

Published
2006

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