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This work leverages laser vibrometry and the weak form of the sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics (WSINDy) for partial differential equations to learn macroscale governing equations from full-field experimental data. In the experiments, two beam-like specimens, one aluminum and one IDOX/Estane composite, are subjected to shear wave excitation in the low frequency regime and the response is measured in the form of particle velocity on the specimen surface. The WSINDy for PDEs algorithm is applied to the resulting spatio-temporal data to discover the effective dynamics of the specimens from a family of potential PDEs. The discovered PDE is of the recognizable Euler-Bernoulli beam model form, from which the Young's modulus for the two materials are estimated. An ensemble version of the WSINDy algorithm is also used which results in information about the uncertainty in the PDE coefficients and Young's moduli. The discovered PDEs are also simulated with a finite element code to compare against the experimental data with reasonable accuracy. Using full-field experimental data and WSINDy together is a powerful non-destructive approach for learning unknown governing equations and gaining insights about mechanical systems in the dynamic regime., Comment: 25 pages, 10 figures

The rotational spectrum of the molecular ion HCNH+ is revisited using double-resonance spectroscopy in an ion trap apparatus, with six transitions measured between 74 and 445 GHz. Due to the cryogenic temperature of the trap, the hyperfine splittings caused by the 14N quadrupolar nucleus were resolved for transitions up to J = 4-3, allowing for a refinement of the spectroscopic parameters previously reported, especially the quadrupole coupling constant eQq.

A novel method of spectroscopy in ion traps termed leak-out spectroscopy (LOS) is presented. Here, mass selected, cold ions are excited by an infrared laser. In a subsequent collision with a neutral buffer gas particle their internal energy is then transferred to kinetic energy. As a result, these ions leak out from the ion trap and are detected. The LOS scheme is generally applicable, very sensitive and close to background free when operated at low temperature. The potential of this method is demonstrated and characterized here for the first time by recording the rotationally resolved spectrum of the C-H stretching vibration $\nu_1$ of linear C$_3$H$^+$. Besides performing high-resolution spectroscopy, this method opens up the way for analyzing the composition of trap content, e.g., determining isomer ratios, by selectively expelling isomers or other isobaric ions from the trap. Likewise, LOS can be used to prepare clean samples of structural and nuclear spin isomers., Comment: This document is the unedited Author's version of a Submitted Work that was subsequently accepted for publication in Journal of Physical Chemistry A, \copyright, after peer review

A cryogenic 22-pole ion trap apparatus is used in combination with a table-top pulsed IR source to probe weakly bound CH$^+$-He and CH$^+$-He$_4$ complexes by predissociation spectroscopy at 4 K. The infrared photodissociation spectra of the C-H stretching vibrations are recorded in the range of 2720-2800 cm$^{-1}$. The spectrum of CH$^+$-He exhibits perpendicular transitions of a near prolate top with a band origin at 2745.9 cm$^{-1}$, and thus confirms it to have a T-shaped structure. For CH$^+$-He$_4$, the C-H stretch along the symmetry axis of this oblate top results in parallel transitions., Comment: 6 pages, 2 Tables, 5 Figures Accepted for publication in the Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 14 January 2021

Atoms and molecules often react at different rates depending on their internal quantum states. Thus, controlling which internal states are populated can be used to manipulate the reactivity and can lead to a more detailed understanding of reaction mechanisms. We demonstrate this control of reactions by studying the excited state reaction reaction Ca$^+$ + O$_2$ $\rightarrow$ CaO$^+$ + O. This reaction is exothermic only if Ca$^+$ is in one of its excited electronic states. Using laser-cooling and electrodynamic trapping, we cool and trap Ca$^+$ at millikevin temperatures for several minutes. We can then change the fraction of time they spend in each of the two excited states by adjusting the detunings of the cooling lasers. This allows us to disentangle the reactions that begin with Ca$^+$ in the $^2$P$_{1/2}$-state from the ones where Ca$^+$ is in the $^2$D$_{3/2}$-state. Using time-of-flight mass spectrometry, we determine independent reaction rate constants for Ca$^+$ in both electronically excited quantum states., Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures

Trapping molecular ions that have been sympathetically cooled with laser-cooled atomic ions is a useful platform for exploring cold ion chemistry. We designed and characterized a new experimental apparatus for probing chemical reaction dynamics between molecular cations and neutral radicals at temperatures below 1 K. The ions are trapped in a linear quadrupole radio-frequency trap and sympathetically cooled by co-trapped, laser-cooled, atomic ions. The ion trap is coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer to readily identify product ion species, as well as to accurately determine trapped ion numbers. We discuss, and present in detail, the design of this ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometer, as well as the electronics required for driving the trap and mass spectrometer. Furthermore, we measure the performance of this system, which yields mass resolutions of $m/\Delta{}m \geq 1100$ over a wide mass range, and discuss its relevance for future measurements in chemical reaction kinetics and dynamics., Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures