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In this article we obtain certain inequalities involving the entropy of a positive integer and divergence of two positive integers, respectively the entropy of an ideal and divergence of two ideals of a ring of algebraic integers., Comment: 16 pages, 1 figure. Key words and phrases. entropy, divergence, numbers, ideals, ramification theory in algebraic number fields

In this paper, we introduce a new class of quaternions called Lucas-Leonardo p-quaternions and derive several fundamental properties of these numbers. Furthermore, we investigate some applications related to companion sequences associated with Leonardo quaternions. In particular, we determine Lucas-Leonardo quaternions and Francois quaternions, which are zero divisors and invertible elements in the quaternion algebra over certain finite fields.

The aim of this paper is to study certain properties of the Kullback-Leibler distance between two positive integer numbers or between two ideals. We present some results related the entropy of a positive integer number and the divergence of two numbers. We also study the entropy of some types of ideals and the divergence of two ideals. Finally, we find some inequalities, involving the entropy H of an exponential divisor of a positive integer, respectively the entropy H of an exponential divisor of an ideal., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2210.12149

Let $A$ be a unitary ring and let $(\mathbf{I(A),\subseteq })$ be the lattice of ideals of the ring $A.$ In this article we will study the property of the lattice $(\mathbf{I(A),\subseteq})$ to be Noetherian or not, for various types of rings $A$. In the last section of the article we study certain rings that are not Boolean rings, but all their ideals are idempotent.

Let $p_{1}, p_{2}$ be two distinct prime integers, let $n$ be a positive integer, $n$$\geq 3$ and let $\xi_{n} $ be a primitive root of order $n$ of the unity. In this paper we obtain a complete characterization for a quaternion algebra $H\left(p_{1}, p_{2}\right)$ to be a division algebra over the $n$th cyclotomic field $\mathbb{Q}\left(\xi_{n}\right)$, when $n$$\in$$\left\{3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12\right\}$ and also we obtain a characterization for a quaternion algebra $H\left(p_{1}, p_{2}\right)$ to be a division algebra over the $n$th cyclotomic field $\mathbb{Q}\left(\xi_{n}\right)$, when $n$$\in$$\left\{5,10\right\}$. In the 4th section we obtain a complete characterization for a quaternion algebra $H_{\mathbb{Q}\left(\xi_{n}\right)}\left(p_{1}, p_{2}\right)$ to be a division algebra, when $n=l^{k},$ with $l$ a prime integer, $l\equiv 3$ (mod $4$) and $k$ a positive integer. In the last section of this article we obtain a complete characterization for a quaternion algebra $H_{\mathbb{Q}\left(\xi_{l}\right)}\left(p_{1}, p_{2}\right)$ to be a division algebra, when $l$ is a Fermat prime number., Comment: This is a revised version of the article. Categories: Number theory; Ring and algebras

In this article we find some properties of certain types of entropies of a natural number. Also, regarding the entropy H of a natural number, introduced by Minculete and Pozna, we generalize this notion for ideals and we find some of its properties. In the last section we find some inequalities, involving the entropy H of an exponential divisor of a positive integer, respectively the entropy H of an exponential divisor of an ideal., Comment: 10 pages

Let $p$ and $q$ be two positive primes. Let $\ell$ be an odd positive prime integer and $F$ a quadratic number field. Let $K$ be an extension of $F$ such that $K$ is a dihedral extension of $\Q$ of degree $\ell$ over $F$ or $K$ is an abelian $\ell$-extension unramified over $F$ assuming $\ell$ divides the class number of $F$. In this paper, we obtain a complete characterization of division quaternion algebras $H_{K}(p, q)$ over $K$., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1802.08185

Let $p$ be an odd prime, let $K=\mathbb{Q}(\epsilon)$ where $\epsilon$ is a primitive cubic root of unity, and let $L$ be the Kummer field $\mathbb{Q}\left(\epsilon, \sqrt[3]{\alpha}\right)$. In this paper we obtain a characterization of the splitting behavior of the symbol algebras $\left( \frac{\alpha ,p}{K,\epsilon }\right)$ and $\left( \frac{\alpha ,p^{h_{p}}}{K,\epsilon}\right)$, where $h_{p}$ is the order in the class group $Cl\left(L\right)$ of a prime ideal of $\mathcal{O}_L$ which divides $p\mathcal{O}_L.$

In this paper we provide some applications of the norm form in some quaternion division algebras over rational field and we give some properties of Fibonacci sequence and Fibonacci sequence in connection with quaternion elements. We define a monoid structure over a fnite set on which we will prove that the defined Fibonacci sequence is stationary, we provide some properties of the norm of a rational quaternion algebra, in connection to the famous Lagrange's four-square theorem and its generalizations given by Ramanujan. Moreover, we prove some results regarding the arithmetic of integer quaternions defined on some division quaternion algebras and we define and give properties of some special quaternions by using Fibonacci sequences.

In this paper, we provide properties and applications of some special integer sequences. We generalize and give some properties of Pisano period. Moreover, we provide a new application in Cryptography and applications of some quaternion elements.

In this paper, we provide new applications of Fibonacci and Lucas numbers. In some circumstances, we find algebraic structures on some sets defined with these numbers, we generalize Fibonacci and Lucas numbers by using an arbitrary binary relation over the real fields instead of addition of the real numbers and we give properties of the new obtained sequences. Moreover, by using some relations between Fibonacci and Lucas numbers, we provide a method to find new examples of split quaternion algebras and we give new properties of these elements.

Let $d$ and $m$ be two distinct squarefree integers and $\mathcal{O}_K$ the ring of integers of the quadratic field $K=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{d})$. Denote by $ H_K(\alpha, m)$ a quaternion algebra over $K$, where $\alpha\in \mathcal{O}_K$. In this paper we give necessary and sufficient conditions for $ H_K(\alpha, m)$ to split over $K$ for some values of $\alpha$, and we obtain a complete characterization of division quaternion algebras $ H_K(\alpha, m)$ over $K$ whenever $\alpha$ and $m$ are two distinct positive prime integers. Examples are given involving prime Fibonacci numbers., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1802.08185

In this paper, we generalize the arithmetic functions $\tau$ and $\tau^{\left(e\right)}$ in algebraic number fields and we find some properties of these functions.

In this paper, we define a special class of elements in the algebras obtained by the Cayley Dickson process, called l elements. We find conditions such that these elements to be invertible. These conditions can be very useful for finding new identities, identities which can help us in the study of the properties of these algebras.

Let p and q be two positive primes. In this paper we obtain a complete characterization of quaternion division algebras H_K(p,q) over the composite K of n quadratic number fields. Also, in Section 6, we obtain a characterization of quaternion division algebras H_K(p,q) over some dihedral fields K., Comment: This is a preliminary form of the article. Categories: number theory; rings and algebras

Horadam symbol elemnts are introduced. Certain properties of these elements are explored. Some well known identities such as Catalan identity, Cassini formula and d'Ocagne's identity are obtained for these elements.

{\small In this paper we define and we study properties of} $\left(l,1,p+2q,q\cdot l\right) -$ {\small numbers,} $\left(l,1,p+2q,q\cdot l\right) -$ {\small quaternions,} $\left(l,1,p+2q,q\cdot l\right) -$ {\small symbol elements. Finally, we obtain an algebraic structure with these elements.}

In this paper we present applications of some special numbers obtained from a difference equation of degree three, especially in the Coding Theory. As a particular case, we obtain the generalized Pell-Fibonacci-Lucas numbers, which were extended to the generalized quaternions.

In this paper we define and study properties and applications of a, b, x0, x1 elements in some special cases.

In this paper we determine sufficient conditions for a quaternion algebra to split over a quadratic field. In the last section of the paper, we find a class of division symbol algebras of degree $n$ (where $n$ is a positive integer, $n\geq 3$) over a $p-$ adic field or over a cyclotomic field.

In this paper we study special Fibonacci quaternions and special generalized Fibonacci-Lucas quaternions in quaternion algebras over finite fields., Comment: This is a preliminary form of the paper

In this paper we determine some properties of Fibonacci octonions. Also, we introduce the generalized Fibonacci-Lucas octonions and we investigate some properties of these elements.

In this paper, we introduce the generalized Fibonacci-Lucas quaternions and we prove that the set of these elements is an order,in the sense of ring theory, of a quaternion algebra. Moreover, we investigate some properties of these elements.

{\small In this paper, we find a class of division quaternion algebras over the field }$\mathbb{Q}\left( i\right) ${\small \ and a class of division symbol algebras over a cyclotomic field.}, Comment: 12 pages

In this paper we study certain quaternion algebras and symbol algebras which split.

In this paper we provide an algorithm to compute the product between two elements in a symbol algebra of degree n and we find an octonion non-division algebra in a symbol algebra of degree three. Starting from this last idea, we try to find an answer to the question if there are division symbol algebras of degree three. The answer is positive and we provide, using MAGMA software, some examples of division symbol algebras of degree 3 and of degree 5. Moreover, we will give some interesting applications of the symbol algebras in number theory.

In this paper we will study some properties of the matrix representations of symbol algebras of degree three, we study some equations with coefficients in these algebras, we find an octonion algebra in a symbol algebra of degree three, we define the Fibonacci symbol elements and we give some properties of them., Comment: improved version of the version from April 2012(final version)

In this paper, we prove a theorem about the integer solutions to the Diophantine equation $x^{4}-q^{4}=py^{r}$, extending previous work of K.Gy\H ory, and F.Luca and A.Togbe, and of the author., Comment: 12 pages, Preliminary version

In this paper we study the Diophantine equation $x^{4}-q^{4}=py^{5},$ with the following conditions: $p$ and $q$ are different prime natural numbers, $y$ is not divisible with $p$, $p\equiv3$ (mod20), $q\equiv4$ (mod5), $\overline{p}$ is a generator of the group $(U(\textbf{Z}_{q^{4}}),\cdot)$, $(x,y)=1$, 2 is a 5-power residue mod $q$., Comment: This paper was accepted for publication in Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics

We give a necessary condition for the existence of solutions of the Diophantine equation $p=x^{q}+ry^{q},$ with $p$, $q$, $r$ distinct odd prime natural numbers., Comment: Preliminary version

In this paper, we obtain some properties of the symbol algebras, starting from their connections with the quaternion and cyclic algebras over a field $K_{p},$% where $K$ is an algebraic number field, $p$ is a prime in $K$ and $K_{p}$ is the completion of $K$ with respect to $p-$ adic valuation, in the case when $K=\Bbb{Q}(\varepsilon), \varepsilon ^{3}=1,\varepsilon \neq 1.$, Comment: This paper was accepted to publish in Carpathian Journal of Mathematics