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The article focuses on the U.S. increased scrutiny on Iran's access to international financing, particularly its 6.6 billion holdings in Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) at the International Monetary Fund (IMF), following the October 7, 2023, attack by Hamas on Israel. It delves into the nature of SDRs, Iran's SDRs, U.S. policy regarding SDR transactions with state-sponsors of terrorism, and potential options for Congress to address concerns about Iran's use of SDR resources.

The authors of this paper develop a method to understand martingale equivalent probability density functions (PDF) for asset prices using American options prices. The early information feature of American options rules out the option price in terms of the PDF of the price of the underlying asset. The authors study tight boundaries for the option price in terms of the PDF and demonstrate how these limits can be used to estimate the parameters of the PDF. They figure out the distribution for the price of crude oil during the Persian Gulf crisis and find the distribution differs significantly from that recovered using standard techniques. This working paper can be found at the US Federal Reserve Board's International Finance Discussion Papers. You can access this by going to

The article presents an update on the stablecoin industry as of April 21, 2021. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) have increased its special drawing right (SDR) reserves to improve the liquidity of developing nations. British chancellor Rishi Sunak announced the creation of a task force to explore the benefits and risks of the Bank of England digital currency. An overview of the consultation responses to a digital euro survey was published by the European Central Bank (ECB) is offered.

The article highlights the current economic policy making process in Iraq. The executive board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has approved a new stand-by arrangement (SBA) for Iraq giving Iraqi authorities access to some $744 million of their special drawing rights (SDR) on the IMF. The Iraqi oil ministry has also began its tendering process to focus on developing existing Iraqi fields and the registration process for foreign oil firms.

The article focuses on a report released by the U.S Congressional Research Service, a public policy research arm of the U.S Congress, as of 2009 on the role of International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the management of global financial crisis. Topics discussed include approval of a supplemental fund to strengthen IMF resources, expansion of foreign exchange reserve due to new resources and creation of new special drawing rights by IMF.

During the first half of 2021-22, service sector received over US$ 16.7 billion FDI - accounting for almost 54 percent of total FDI inflows into India. Services exports surpassed pre-pandemic level in January-March quarter of 2020-21 and grew by 21.6 percent in the first half of 2021-22 - strengthened by global demand for software and IT services exports. Combination of high foreign exchange reserves, sustained foreign direct investment, and rising export earnings will provide adequate buffer against possible global liquidity tapering in 2022-23. [Extracted from the article]

Traders also remain concerned after growth in India's factory sector activity slowed as persistent pandemic-related weakness weighed on demand and output, forcing firms to cut jobs again following a brief recovery in July. Traders also cheered reports that S&P Global Ratings said India is expected to post strong economic growth in the coming quarters, even as inflation, led by food prices, is likely to remain elevated. The Market wide September expiry rollover is at 92.05% on Thursday as compared to 89.15% on same day of previous expiry. [Extracted from the article]

This increase in SDR holdings will be reflected in the FER data that shall be published for the week ended August 27, 2021 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the economic policy of Serbia and Montenegro as of July 2010. It notes that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has concluded a fourth review of the stand-by arrangement, granting the country to draw 319.6 million special drawing rights (SDR) to support its external reserve position. On the other hand, the budget revenue and expenditure have accelerated in May by 22.5% year-on-year that increased both tax and on-tax revenue.

HPL Electric & Power is an electric equipment manufacturing company engaged inthe business of manufacture and sell electric equipments including, meteringsolutions, switchgears, lighting equipment and wires and cables under the HPLbrand. Wipro plans to deliver the Wipro BoundaryLess Data Center (BLDC) solution builton Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) ProLiant for Microsoft Azure Stack to helpcustomers expand their infrastructure capabilities beyond the traditional wallsof the enterprise datacenter. The US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) has completed the inspection at Dr.Reddy's Laboratories' API Mirfield Plant, United Kingdom on September 15, 2017.The company has been issued a Form 483 with three observations. The Board of Directors of the company at their meeting held on September 15,2017 has approved the same. [Extracted from the article]

The article offers an update on the political and economic risks in Mexico as of October 2009. A round of killings related to drug cartels occurred in certain cities in Mexico such as Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua and Michoacan. About 4 billion U.S. dollars in special drawing rights (SDR) will be endowed by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to the government to raise its international reserves. An antitrust agency in Mexico announced that only limited airwaves can be bought by bidders in the wireless spectrum sale.

Latvia will move to adopt the single currency as soon as possible, probably in 2005 and will, as a result, switch its currency peg from the standard drawing right to Euro, as of November 1, 2003. According to Maastricht, Netherlands criteria, countries that want to adopt Euro must demonstrate exchange rate stability for two years prior to adoption. With Latvia's fixed exchange rate peg this decision becomes easier assuming that local authorities do not push for a competitive devaluation prior to entry, that the peg is changed at the rate of SDR to Euro.

The article reports on the increase in forex reserves of India during the week ended September 9, 2016, as reported by Reserve Bank of India. Topics discussed include increase in valuation of foreign currency assets in the International Monetary Fund (IMF); increase in special drawing rights valuations; and decline in reserve position in the IMF.