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We give a "lattice-theoretic" description of the global Schubert variety for $\mathrm{GL}_n$ associated to any dominant coweight., Comment: 29 pages

Let $V$ be a finite-dimensional complex vector space. Assume that $V$ is a direct sum of subspaces each of which is equipped with a nondegenerate symmetric or skew-symmetric bilinear form. In this paper, we introduce a stratification of the Grassmannian $\mathrm{Gr}_k(V)$ related to the action of the appropriate product of orthogonal and symplectic groups, and we study the topology of this stratification. The main results involve sheaves with coefficients in a field of characteristic other than $2$. We prove that there are "enough" parity sheaves, and that the hypercohomology of each parity sheaf also satisfies a parity-vanishing property. This situation arises in the following context: let $x$ be a nilpotent element in the Lie algebra of either $G = \mathrm{Sp}_N(\mathbb{C})$ or $G = \mathrm{SO}_N(\mathbb{C})$, and let $V = \ker x \subset \mathbb{C}^N$. Our stratification of $\mathrm{Gr}_k(V)$ is preserved by the centralizer $G^x$, and we expect our results to have applications in Springer theory for classical groups., Comment: 30 pages

We extend the ramified geometric Satake equivalence due to Zhu (for tamely ramified groups) and the third named author (in full generality) from rational coefficients to include modular and integral coefficients., Comment: 79 pages

In this paper we generalize and study a notion of (unipotent) nearby cycles over a higher dimensional base based on Be\u{i}linson's description of unipotent nearby cycles, following an idea of Gaitsgory. This generalization, in the setting of affine Grassmannians, is required in recent work of Bezrukavnikov-Braverman-Finkelberg-Kazhdan., Comment: 33 pages. v2: added lots of details, especially on \'etale sheaves

In this paper we determine the scheme-theoretic fixed points of pinned reductive group schemes acted upon by a group of pinning-preserving automorphisms. The results are used in a companion paper to establish a ramified geometric Satake equivalence with integral or modular coefficients., Comment: Comments welcome!

Building on a geometric counterpart of Steinberg's tensor product formula for simple representations of a connected reductive algebraic group $G$ over a field of positive characteristic, and following an idea of Arkhipov--Bezrukavnikov--Braverman--Gaitsgory--Mirkovi\'c, we define and initiate the study of some categories of perverse sheaves on the affine Grassmannian of the Langlands dual group to $G$ that should provide geometric models for blocks of representations of the Frobenius kernel $G_1$ of $G$. In particular, we show that these categories admit enough projective and injective objects, which are closely related to some tilting perverse sheaves, and that they are highest weight categories in an appropriate generalized sense., Comment: 89 pages. v2: minor corrections and updates

We prove an isomorphism for simple perverse sheaves on the affine Grassmannian of a connected reductive algebraic group that is a geometric counterpart (in light of the Finkelberg-Mirkovi\'c conjecture) of the Steinberg tensor product formula for simple representations of reductive groups over fields of positive characteristic., Comment: 25 pages. v2: minor revisions

Let $G$ be a connected reductive group over an algebraically closed field $\Bbbk$. Under mild restrictions on the characteristic of $\Bbbk$, we show that any $G$-module with a good filtration also has a good filtration as a module for the reductive part of the centralizer of a nilpotent element $x$ in its Lie algebra., Comment: 14 pages, 7 tables

Let $G$ be a connected reductive algebraic group over an algebraically closed field $\Bbbk$ of characteristic $p \ge 0$, and let $\mathcal{N}$ be its nilpotent cone. Under mild hypotheses, we construct for each nilpotent $G$-orbit $C$ and each indecomposable tilting vector bundle $T$ on $C$ a certain complex $S(C,T)$ of $G \times \mathbb{G}_m$-equivariant coherent sheaves on $\mathcal{N}$. We prove that these objects are (up to shift) precisely the indecomposable objects in the coheart of a certain co-$t$-structure. We then show that if $p$ is larger than the Coxeter number, then the hypercohomology $H^\bullet(S(C,T))$ is identified with the cohomology of a tilting module for $G$. This confirms a conjecture of Humphreys on the support of the cohomology of tilting modules., Comment: 34 pages. v2: new introduction

We construct a co-$t$-structure on the derived category of coherent sheaves on the nilpotent cone $\mathcal{N}$ of a reductive group, as well as on the derived category of coherent sheaves on any parabolic Springer resolution. These structures are employed to show that the push-forwards of the "exotic parity objects" along the (classical) Springer resolution give indecomposable objects inside the coheart of the co-$t$-structure on $\mathcal{N}$. We also demonstrate how the various parabolic co-$t$-structures can be related by introducing an analogue to the usual translation functors. As an application, we give a proof of a scheme-theoretic formulation of the relative Humphreys conjecture on support varieties of tilting modules in type $A$ for $p>h$., Comment: 40 pages. v3: minor corrections

For quantum groups at a root of unity, there is a web of theorems (due to Bezrukavnikov and Ostrik, and relying on work of Lusztig) connecting the following topics: (i) tilting modules; (ii) vector bundles on nilpotent orbits; and (iii) Kazhdan-Lusztig cells in the affine Weyl group. In this paper, we propose a (partly conjectural) analogous picture for reductive algebraic groups over fields of positive characteristic, inspired by a conjecture of Humphreys., Comment: 16 pages. v2: minor corrections

The first author recently introduced a "nearby cycles formalism" in the framework of chain complexes of parity sheaves. In this paper, we compute this functor in two related settings: (i) affine space, stratified by the action of a torus, and (ii) the global Schubert variety associated to the first fundamental coweight of the group $PGL_n$. The latter is a parity-sheaf analogue of Gaitsgory's central sheaf construction., Comment: 31 pages. v2: minor corrections

Let X be a stratified space on which the Juteau-Mautner-Williamson theory of parity sheaves is available. We develop a "nearby cycles formalism" in the framework of the homotopy category of parity sheaves on X, also known as the mixed modular derived category of X. This construction is expected to have applications in modular geometric representation theory., Comment: 38 pages. v2: minor corrections and clarifications

Let G be a reductive group over an algebraically closed field k of very good characteristic. The Lusztig-Vogan bijection is a bijection between the set of dominant weights for G and the set of irreducible G-equivariant vector bundles on nilpotent orbits, conjectured by Lusztig and Vogan independently, and constructed in full generality by Bezrukavnikov. In characteristic 0, this bijection is related to the theory of 2-sided cells in the affine Weyl group, and plays a key role in the proof of the Humphreys conjecture on support varieties of tilting modules for quantum groups at a root of unity. In this paper, we prove that the Lusztig-Vogan bijection is (in a way made precise in the body of the paper) independent of the characteristic of k. This allows us to extend all of its known properties from the characteristic-0 setting to the general case. We also expect this result to be a step towards a proof of the Humphreys conjecture on support varieties of tilting modules for reductive groups in positive characteristic., Comment: 49 pages. v2: weakened the assumptions on G throughout the paper

We describe two new combinatorial algorithms (using the language of "triangular arrays") for computing the Fourier transforms of simple perverse sheaves on the moduli space of representations of an equioriented quiver of type A. (A rather different solution to this problem was previously obtained by Knight-Zelevinsky.) Along the way, we also show that the closure partial order and the dimensions of orbits have especially concise descriptions in the language of triangular arrays., Comment: 24 pages, 2 figures

In this survey paper, we present the broad outlines of the proof of a character formula for tilting representations of reductive algebraic groups in positive characteristic, obtained partly in collaboration with several other authors. A unifying theme for a number of steps of this proof is the notion of "formal Koszul duality." We explain this notion and discuss some applications. ----- Dans cet article nous pr\'esentons les grandes lignes de la preuve d'une formule de caract\`eres pour les repr\'esentations basculantes des groupes alg\'ebriques r\'eductifs sur un corps de caract\'eristique positive, obtenue partiellement en collaboration avec plusieurs auteurs. Nous unissons les diff\'erentes \'etapes de cette preuve dans la notion de "dualit\'e de Koszul formelle", et en pr\'esentons quelques applications., Comment: 58 pages, in French

In this paper, we carry out several computations involving graded (or $\mathbb{G}_{\mathrm{m}}$-equivariant) perverse-coherent sheaves on the nilpotent cone of a reductive group in good characteristic. In the first part of the paper, we compute the weight of the $\mathbb{G}_{\mathrm{m}}$-action on certain normalized (or "canonical") simple objects, confirming an old prediction of Ostrik. In the second part of the paper, we explicitly describe all simple perverse coherent sheaves for $G = PGL_3$, in every characteristic other than 2 or 3. Applications include an explicit description of the cohomology of tilting modules for the corresponding quantum group, as well as a proof that $\mathsf{PCoh}^{\mathbb{G}_{\mathrm{m}}}(\mathcal{N})$ never admits a positive grading when the characteristic of the field is greater than 3., Comment: 23 pages. v2: minor corrections

In this paper we construct an abelian category of "mixed perverse sheaves" attached to any realization of a Coxeter group, in terms of the associated Elias-Williamson diagrammatic category. This construction extends previous work of the first two authors, where we worked with parity complexes instead of diagrams, and we extend most of the properties known in this case to the general setting. As an application we prove that the split Grothendieck group of the Elias-Williamson diagrammatic category is isomorphic to the corresponding Hecke algebra, for any choice of realization., Comment: 53 pages. v2: minor corrections

Let $G$ be a simply-connected semisimple algebraic group over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p$, assumed to be larger than the Coxeter number. The "support variety" of a $G$-module $M$ is a certain closed subvariety of the nilpotent cone of $G$, defined in terms of cohomology for the first Frobenius kernel $G_1$. In the 1990s, Humphreys proposed a conjectural description of the support varieties of tilting modules; this conjecture has been proved for $G = \mathrm{SL}_n$ in earlier work of the second author. In this paper, we show that for any $G$, the support variety of a tilting module always contains the variety predicted by Humphreys, and that they coincide (i.e., the Humphreys conjecture is true) when $p$ is sufficiently large. We also prove variants of these statements involving "relative support varieties.", Comment: 54 pages, 2 color figures. v3: minor corrections and additions

In this paper we propose a construction of a monoidal category of "free-monodromic" tilting perverse sheaves on (Kac-Moody) flag varieties in the setting of the "mixed modular derived category" introduced by the first and third authors. This category shares most of the properties of their counterpart in characteristic 0, defined by Bezrukavnikov-Yun using certain pro-objects in triangulated categories. This construction is the main new ingredient in the construction of a "modular Koszul duality" equivalence for constructible sheaves on flag varieties, see [P. Achar, S. Makisumi, S. Riche, and G. Williamson, "Koszul duality for Kac-Moody groups and characters of tilting modules", J. Amer. Math. Soc. 32 (2019)]., Comment: 140 pages. v2: some corrections and updates

In this paper we prove equivalences of categories relating the derived category of a block of the category of representations of a connected reductive algebraic group over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p$ bigger than the Coxeter number and a derived category of equivariant coherent sheaves on the Springer resolution (or a parabolic counterpart). In the case of the principal block, combined with previous results, this provides a modular version of celebrated constructions due to Arkhipov-Bezrukavnikov-Ginzburg for Lusztig's quantum groups at a root of unity. As an application, we prove a "graded version" of a conjecture of Finkelberg-Mirkovi\'c describing the principal block in terms of mixed perverse sheaves on the dual affine Grassmannian., Comment: 112 pages. v3: minor corrections

In the paper [P. Achar, "On the equivariant $K$-theory of the nilpotent cone in the general linear group," Represent. Theory 8 (2004), 180-211], the author gave a combinatorial algorithm for computing the Lusztig-Vogan bijection for $GL(n,\mathbb{C})$. However, that paper failed to mention one easy case that may sometimes arise, making the description of the algorithm incomplete. This note fills in that gap., Comment: 5 pages

This is an overview of our series of papers on the modular generalized Springer correspondence. It is an expansion of a lecture given by the second author in the Fifth Conference of the Tsinghua Sanya International Mathematics Forum, Sanya, December 2014, as part of the Master Lecture `Algebraic Groups and their Representations' Workshop honouring G. Lusztig. The material that has not appeared in print before includes some discussion of the motivating idea of modular character sheaves, and heuristic remarks about geometric functors of parabolic induction and restriction., Comment: 19 pages. Version 2 includes more examples and tables in Section 6

We complete the construction of the modular generalized Springer correspondence for an arbitrary connected reductive group, with a uniform proof of the disjointness of induction series that avoids the case-by-case arguments for classical groups used in previous papers in the series. We show that the induction series containing the trivial local system on the regular nilpotent orbit is determined by the Sylow subgroups of the Weyl group. Under some assumptions, we give an algorithm for determining the induction series associated to the minimal cuspidal datum with a given central character. We also provide tables and other information on the modular generalized Springer correspondence for quasi-simple groups of exceptional type, including a complete classification of cuspidal pairs in the case of good characteristic, and a full determination of the correspondence in type $G_2$., Comment: 40 pages. Version 2: added section 7.5, modified Table 5.2 to match current conventions of GAP3. Version 3 has minor edits suggested by the referee, including a slight strengthening of Proposition 3.2; final version, to appear in Math. Annalen

Exotic sheaves are certain complexes of coherent sheaves on the cotangent bundle of the flag variety of a reductive group. They are closely related to perverse-coherent sheaves on the nilpotent cone. This expository article includes the definitions of these two categories, applications, and some structure theory, as well as detailed calculations for SL(2)., Comment: 33 pages

An important result of Arkhipov-Bezrukavnikov-Ginzburg relates constructible sheaves on the affine Grassmannian to coherent sheaves on the dual Springer resolution. In this paper, we prove a positive-characteristic analogue of this statement, using the framework of "mixed modular sheaves" recently developed by the first author and Riche. As an application, we deduce a relationship between parity sheaves on the affine Grassmannian and Bezrukavnikov's "exotic t-structure" on the Springer resolution., Comment: 50 pages; with an appendix joint with Simon Riche. v2: minor corrections

We further develop the general theory of the "mixed modular derived category" introduced by the authors in a previous paper in this series. We then use it to study positivity and Q-Koszulity phenomena on flag varieties., Comment: 33 pages

We construct a modular generalized Springer correspondence for any classical group, by generalizing to the modular setting various results of Lusztig in the case of characteristic-$0$ coefficients. We determine the cuspidal pairs in all classical types, and compute the correspondence explicitly for $\mathrm{SL}(n)$ with coefficients of arbitrary characteristic and for $\mathrm{SO}(n)$ and $\mathrm{Sp}(2n)$ with characteristic-$2$ coefficients., Comment: 52 pages. Version 2 corrects a minor mistake in the combinatorics of the type D case; no numbered statements are affected. Version 3 has minor additions, mostly in Section 2; final version, to appear in J. Eur. Math. Soc

In this paper we prove that the category of parity complexes on the flag variety of a complex connected reductive group is a "graded version" of the category of tilting perverse sheaves on the flag variety of the dual group, for any field of coefficients whose characteristic is good. We derive some consequences on Soergel's modular category O, and on multiplicities and decomposition numbers in the category of perverse sheaves., Comment: 42 pages; with a joint appendix with Geordie Williamson

Building on the theory of parity sheaves due to Juteau-Mautner-Williamson, we develop a formalism of "mixed modular perverse sheaves" for varieties equipped with a stratification by affine spaces. We then give two applications: (1) a "Koszul-type" derived equivalence relating a given flag variety to the Langlands dual flag variety, and (2) a formality theorem for the modular derived category of a flag variety (extending a previous result of Riche-Soergel-Williamson)., Comment: 40 pages. v2: minor revisions

We define a generalized Springer correspondence for the group GL(n) over any field. We also determine the cuspidal pairs, and compute the correspondence explicitly. Finally we define a stratification of the category of equivariant perverse sheaves on the nilpotent cone of GL(n) satisfying the `recollement' properties, and with subquotients equivalent to categories of representations of a product of symmetric groups., Comment: v1: 27 pages; v2: 29 pages, minor corrections; v3: 29 pages, final version, to appear in JEMS

We prove the Mirkovi\'c-Vilonen conjecture: the integral local intersection cohomology groups of spherical Schubert varieties on the affine Grassmannian have no p-torsion, as long as p is outside a certain small and explicitly given set of prime numbers. (Juteau has exhibited counterexamples when p is a bad prime.) The main idea is to convert this topological question into an algebraic question about perverse-coherent sheaves on the dual nilpotent cone using the Juteau-Mautner-Williamson theory of parity sheaves., Comment: 27 pages. v4: added details to Section 2 and an appendix on sheaf functors on non-locally compact spaces

We show that two Weyl group actions on the Springer sheaf with arbitrary coefficients, one defined by Fourier transform and one by restriction, agree up to a twist by the sign character. This generalizes a familiar result from the setting of l-adic cohomology, making it applicable to modular representation theory. We use the Weyl group actions to define a Springer correspondence in this generality, and identify the zero weight spaces of small representations in terms of this Springer correspondence., Comment: 27 pages; version 2: accepted version, with minor changes recommended by referee

Let W be a complex reflection group, acting on a complex vector space H. Kato has recently introduced the notion of a "Kostka system," which is a certain collection of finite-dimensional W-equivariant modules for the symmetric algebra on H. In this paper, we show that Kostka systems can be used to construct "exotic" t-structures on the derived category of finite-dimensional modules, and we prove a derived-equivalence result for these t-structures., Comment: 21 pages. v2: minor corrections; simplified proof in Section 4

Given the nilpotent cone of a complex reductive Lie algebra, we consider its equivariant constructible derived category of sheaves with coefficients in an arbitrary field. This category and its subcategory of perverse sheaves play an important role in Springer theory and the theory of character sheaves. We show that the composition of the Fourier--Sato transform on the Lie algebra followed by restriction to the nilpotent cone restricts to an autoequivalence of the derived category of the nilpotent cone. In the case of $GL_n$, we show that this autoequivalence can be regarded as a geometric version of Ringel duality for the Schur algebra., Comment: 16 pages

For a split reductive group scheme $G$ over a commutative ring $k$ with Weyl group $W$, there is an important functor $Rep(G,k) \to Rep(W,k)$ defined by taking the zero weight space. We prove that the restriction of this functor to the subcategory of small representations has an alternative geometric description, in terms of the affine Grassmannian and the nilpotent cone of the Langlands dual group to $G$. The translation from representation theory to geometry is via the Satake equivalence and the Springer correspondence. This generalizes the result for the $k=\mathbb{C}$ case proved by the first two authors, and also provides a better explanation than in that earlier paper, since the current proof is uniform across all types., Comment: Version 4: minor revisions; 73 pages

In characteristic zero, Bezrukavnikov has shown that the category of perverse coherent sheaves on the nilpotent cone of a simply connected semisimple algebraic group is quasi-hereditary, and that it is derived-equivalent to the category of (ordinary) coherent sheaves. We prove that graded versions of these results also hold in good positive characteristic., Comment: 23 pages

For a simply-connected simple algebraic group $G$ over $\C$, we exhibit a subvariety of its affine Grassmannian that is closely related to the nilpotent cone of $G$, generalizing a well-known fact about $GL_n$. Using this variety, we construct a sheaf-theoretic functor that, when combined with the geometric Satake equivalence and the Springer correspondence, leads to a geometric explanation for a number of known facts (mostly due to Broer and Reeder) about small representations of the dual group., Comment: Version 2: minor revisions, 33 pages

For a certain class of abelian categories, we show how to make sense of the "Euler characteristic" of an infinite projective resolution (or, more generally, certain chain complexes that are only bounded above), by passing to a suitable completion of the Grothendieck group. We also show that right-exact functors (or their left-derived functors) induce continuous homomorphisms of these completed Grothendieck groups, and we discuss examples and applications coming from categorification., Comment: 13 pages; corrected a mistake in the previous version

We prove that on a certain class of smooth complex varieties (those with "affine even stratifications"), the category of mixed Hodge modules is "almost" Koszul: it becomes Koszul after a few unwanted extensions are eliminated. We also give an equivalence between perverse sheaves on such a variety and modules for a certain graded ring, obtaining a formality result as a corollary. For flag varieties, these results were proved earlier by Beilinson-Ginzburg-Soergel using a rather different construction., Comment: 26 pages. v4: added Proposition 3.9; streamlined Section 4; other minor corrections

In this paper we study the derived category of sheaves on the affine Grassmannian of a complex reductive group G, contructible with respect to the stratification by G(C[[x]])-orbits. Following ideas of Ginzburg and Arkhipov-Bezrukavnikov-Ginzburg, we describe this category (and a mixed version) in terms of coherent sheaves on the nilpotent cone of its Langlands dual reductive group. We also show, in the mixed case, that restriction to the nilpotent cone of a Levi subgroup corresponds to hyperbolic localization on affine Grassmannians., Comment: 62 pages

A fundamental result of Beilinson-Ginzburg-Soergel states that on flag varieties and related spaces, a certain modified version of the category of l-adic perverse sheaves exhibits a phenomenon known as Koszul duality. The modification essentially consists of discarding objects whose stalks carry a nonsemisimple action of Frobenius. In this paper, we prove that a number of common sheaf functors (various pull-backs and push-forwards) induce corresponding functors on the modified category or its triangulated analogue. In particular, we show that these functors preserve semisimplicity of the Frobenius action., Comment: 76 pages

We generalize a result by Cunningham-Salmasian to a Mackey-type formula for the compact restriction of a semisimple perverse sheaf produced by parabolic induction from a character sheaf, under certain conditions on the parahoric group used to define compact restriction. This provides new tools for matching character sheaves with admissible representations.

In this note, we point out an error in the proof of Theorem 4.7 of [P. Achar and A.~Henderson, `Orbit closures in the enhanced nilpotent cone', Adv. Math. 219 (2008), 27-62], a statement about the existence of affine pavings for fibres of a certain resolution of singularities of an enhanced nilpotent orbit closure. We also give independent proofs of later results that depend on that statement, so all other results of that paper remain valid., Comment: 4 pages. The original paper, in a version almost the same as the published version, is arXiv:0712.1079

Let G be a reductive algebraic group, with nilpotent cone N and flag variety G/B. We construct an exact functor from perverse sheaves on N to locally constant sheaves on G/B, and we use it to study Ext-groups of simple perverse sheaves on N in terms of the cohomology of G/B. As an application, we give new proofs of some known results on stalks of perverse sheaves on N., Comment: 14 pages

We continue the study of the closures of $GL(V)$-orbits in the enhanced nilpotent cone $V\times\cN$ begun by the first two authors. We prove that each closure is an invariant-theoretic quotient of a suitably-defined enhanced quiver variety. We conjecture, and prove in special cases, that these enhanced quiver varieties are normal complete intersections, implying that the enhanced nilpotent orbit closures are also normal., Comment: 30 pages

We compare orbits in the nilpotent cone of type $B_n$, that of type $C_n$, and Kato's exotic nilpotent cone. We prove that the number of $\F_q$-points in each nilpotent orbit of type $B_n$ or $C_n$ equals that in a corresponding union of orbits, called a type-$B$ or type-$C$ piece, in the exotic nilpotent cone. This is a finer version of Lusztig's result that corresponding special pieces in types $B_n$ and $C_n$ have the same number of $\F_q$-points. The proof requires studying the case of characteristic 2, where more direct connections between the three nilpotent cones can be established. We also prove that the type-$B$ and type-$C$ pieces of the exotic nilpotent cone are smooth in any characteristic., Comment: 32 pages

This note is an expository account of the theory of staggered sheaves, based on a series of lectures given by the author at RIMS (Kyoto) in October 2008., Comment: 17 pages

Nous obtenons une formule pour les valeurs de la fonction caract\'eristique d'un faisceau caract\`ere en fonction de la th\'eorie des repr\'esentations de certains groupes finis, li\'es au groupe de Weyl. Cette formule, qui g\'en\'eralise des r\'esultats ant\'erieurs de M{\oe}glin et de Waldspurger, d\'epend de la connaissance de certains sous-groupes r\'eductifs admettant un faisceau caract\`ere cuspidal. Dans un second temps, afin de rendre la formule plus explicite dans le cas d'un groupe quasi-simple, nous d\'eterminons ces sous-groupes \`a conjugaison pr\`es. We obtain a formula for the values of the characteristic function of a character sheaf, in terms of the representation theory of certain finite groups related to the Weyl group. This formula, a generalization of previous results due to M{\oe}glin and Waldspurger, depends on knowledge of certain reductive subgroups that admit cuspidal character sheaves. For quasi-simple groups, we make the formula truly explicit by determining all such subgroups upto conjugation., Comment: 27 pages

Let G be an algebraic group over an algebraically closed field, acting on a variety X with finitely many orbits. "Staggered sheaves" are certain complexes of G-equivariant coherent sheaves on X that seem to possess many remarkable properties. In this paper, we construct "standard" and "costandard" objects in the category of staggered sheaves, and we prove that that category has enough projectives and injectives., Comment: 18 pages