Author: "P. Duggan" / Publication Type: Reports - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Crown-Like Structures in Breast Adipose Tissue: Finding a 'Needle-in-a-Haystack' using Artificial Intelligence and Collaborative Active Learning on the Web

Author: Bhawsar, Praphulla MS, Ramin, Cody, Lenz, Petra, Duggan, Máire A, Harris, Alexandra R, Jenkins, Brittany, Cora, Renata, Abubakar, Mustapha, Gierach, Gretchen, Saltz, Joel, and Almeida, Jonas S
Subjects: Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
Abstract: Crown-like structures (CLS) in breast adipose tissue are formed as a result of macrophages clustering around necrotic adipocytes in specific patterns. As a histologic marker of local inflammation, CLS could have potential diagnostic utility as a biomarker for breast cancer risk. However, given the scale of whole slide images and the rarity of CLS (a few cells in an entire tissue sample), microscope-based manual identification is a challenge for the pathologist. In this report, we describe an artificial intelligence pipeline to solve this needle-in-a-haystack problem. We developed a zero-cost, zero-footprint web platform to enable remote operation on digital whole slide imaging data directly in the web browser, supporting collaborative annotation of the data by multiple experts. The annotated images then allow for incremental training and fine tuning of deep neural networks via active learning. The platform is reusable and requires no backend or installations, thus ensuring the data remains secure and private under the governance of the end user. Using this platform, we iteratively trained a CLS identification model, evaluating the performance after each round and adding examples to the training data to overcome failure cases. The resulting model, with an AUC of 0.90, shows promise as a first-pass screening tool to detect CLS in breast adipose tissue, considerably reducing the workload of the pathologist. Platform available at: https://episphere.github.io/path
Published: 2024

2. TMA-Grid: An open-source, zero-footprint web application for FAIR Tissue MicroArray De-arraying

Author: Ge, Aaron, Saha, Monjoy, Duggan, Maire A., Lenz, Petra, Abubakar, Mustapha, García-Closas, Montserrat, Balasubramanian, Jeya, Almeida, Jonas S., and Bhawsar, Praphulla MS
Subjects: Quantitative Biology - Tissues and Organs, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract: Background: Tissue Microarrays (TMAs) significantly increase analytical efficiency in histopathology and large-scale epidemiologic studies by allowing multiple tissue cores to be scanned on a single slide. The individual cores can be digitally extracted and then linked to metadata for analysis in a process known as de-arraying. However, TMAs often contain core misalignments and artifacts due to assembly errors, which can adversely affect the reliability of the extracted cores during the de-arraying process. Moreover, conventional approaches for TMA de-arraying rely on desktop solutions.Therefore, a robust yet flexible de-arraying method is crucial to account for these inaccuracies and ensure effective downstream analyses. Results: We developed TMA-Grid, an in-browser, zero-footprint, interactive web application for TMA de-arraying. This web application integrates a convolutional neural network for precise tissue segmentation and a grid estimation algorithm to match each identified core to its expected location. The application emphasizes interactivity, allowing users to easily adjust segmentation and gridding results. Operating entirely in the web-browser, TMA-Grid eliminates the need for downloads or installations and ensures data privacy. Adhering to FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable), the application and its components are designed for seamless integration into TMA research workflows. Conclusions: TMA-Grid provides a robust, user-friendly solution for TMA dearraying on the web. As an open, freely accessible platform, it lays the foundation for collaborative analyses of TMAs and similar histopathology imaging data. Availability: Web application: https://episphere.github.io/tma-grid Code: https://github.com/episphere/tma-grid Tutorial: https://youtu.be/miajqyw4BVk, Comment: NA
Published: 2024

3. The Canadian VirusSeq Data Portal & Duotang: open resources for SARS-CoV-2 viral sequences and genomic epidemiology

Author: Gill, Erin E., Jia, Baofeng, Murall, Carmen Lia, Poujol, Raphaël, Anwar, Muhammad Zohaib, John, Nithu Sara, Richardsson, Justin, Hobb, Ashley, Olabode, Abayomi S., Lepsa, Alexandru, Duggan, Ana T., Tyler, Andrea D., N'Guessan, Arnaud, Kachru, Atul, Chan, Brandon, Yoshida, Catherine, Yung, Christina K., Bujold, David, Andric, Dusan, Su, Edmund, Griffiths, Emma J., Van Domselaar, Gary, Jolly, Gordon W., Ward, Heather K. E., Feher, Henrich, Baker, Jared, Simpson, Jared T., Uddin, Jaser, Ragoussis, Jiannis, Eubank, Jon, Fritz, Jörg H., Gálvez, José Héctor, Fang, Karen, Cullion, Kim, Rivera, Leonardo, Xiang, Linda, Croxen, Matthew A., Shiell, Mitchell, Prystajecky, Natalie, Quirion, Pierre-Olivier, Bajari, Rosita, Rich, Samantha, Mubareka, Samira, Moreira, Sandrine, Cain, Scott, Sutcliffe, Steven G., Kraemer, Susanne A., Joly, Yann, Alturmessov, Yelizar, consortium, CPHLN, consortium, CanCOGeN, Academic, VirusSeq Data Portal, network, Health, Fiume, Marc, Snutch, Terrance P., Bell, Cindy, Lopez-Correa, Catalina, Hussin, Julie G., Joy, Jeffrey B., Colijn, Caroline, Gordon, Paul M. K., Hsiao, William W. L., Poon, Art F. Y., Knox, Natalie C., Courtot, Mélanie, Stein, Lincoln, Otto, Sarah P., Bourque, Guillaume, Shapiro, B. Jesse, and Brinkman, Fiona S. L.
Subjects: Quantitative Biology - Genomics
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic led to a large global effort to sequence SARS-CoV-2 genomes from patient samples to track viral evolution and inform public health response. Millions of SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences have been deposited in global public repositories. The Canadian COVID-19 Genomics Network (CanCOGeN - VirusSeq), a consortium tasked with coordinating expanded sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 genomes across Canada early in the pandemic, created the Canadian VirusSeq Data Portal, with associated data pipelines and procedures, to support these efforts. The goal of VirusSeq was to allow open access to Canadian SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences and enhanced, standardized contextual data that were unavailable in other repositories and that meet FAIR standards (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable). The Portal data submission pipeline contains data quality checking procedures and appropriate acknowledgement of data generators that encourages collaboration. Here we also highlight Duotang, a web platform that presents genomic epidemiology and modeling analyses on circulating and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants in Canada. Duotang presents dynamic changes in variant composition of SARS-CoV-2 in Canada and by province, estimates variant growth, and displays complementary interactive visualizations, with a text overview of the current situation. The VirusSeq Data Portal and Duotang resources, alongside additional analyses and resources computed from the Portal (COVID-MVP, CoVizu), are all open-source and freely available. Together, they provide an updated picture of SARS-CoV-2 evolution to spur scientific discussions, inform public discourse, and support communication with and within public health authorities. They also serve as a framework for other jurisdictions interested in open, collaborative sequence data sharing and analyses.
Published: 2024

4. Expert-Level Annotation Quality Achieved by Gamified Crowdsourcing for B-line Segmentation in Lung Ultrasound

Author: Jin, Mike, Duggan, Nicole M, Bashyakarla, Varoon, Mendicuti, Maria Alejandra Duran, Hallisey, Stephen, Bernier, Denie, Stegeman, Joseph, Duhaime, Erik, Kapur, Tina, and Goldsmith, Andrew J
Subjects: Computer Science - Computers and Society
Abstract: Accurate and scalable annotation of medical data is critical for the development of medical AI, but obtaining time for annotation from medical experts is challenging. Gamified crowdsourcing has demonstrated potential for obtaining highly accurate annotations for medical data at scale, and we demonstrate the same in this study for the segmentation of B-lines, an indicator of pulmonary congestion, on still frames within point-of-care lung ultrasound clips. We collected 21,154 annotations from 214 annotators over 2.5 days, and we demonstrated that the concordance of crowd consensus segmentations with reference standards exceeds that of individual experts with the same reference standards, both in terms of B-line count (mean squared error 0.239 vs. 0.308, p<0.05) as well as the spatial precision of B-line annotations (mean Dice-H score 0.755 vs. 0.643, p<0.05). These results suggest that expert-quality segmentations can be achieved using gamified crowdsourcing.
Published: 2023

5. Gamified Crowdsourcing as a Novel Approach to Lung Ultrasound Dataset Labeling

Author: Duggan, Nicole M, Jin, Mike, Mendicuti, Maria Alejandra Duran, Hallisey, Stephen, Bernier, Denie, Selame, Lauren A, Asgari-Targhi, Ameneh, Fischetti, Chanel E, Lucassen, Ruben, Samir, Anthony E, Duhaime+, Erik, Kapur, Tina, and Goldsmith, Andrew J
Subjects: Computer Science - Computers and Society
Abstract: Study Objective: Machine learning models have advanced medical image processing and can yield faster, more accurate diagnoses. Despite a wealth of available medical imaging data, high-quality labeled data for model training is lacking. We investigated whether a gamified crowdsourcing platform enhanced with inbuilt quality control metrics can produce lung ultrasound clip labels comparable to those from clinical experts. Methods: 2,384 lung ultrasound clips were retrospectively collected from 203 patients. Six lung ultrasound experts classified 393 of these clips as having no B-lines, one or more discrete B-lines, or confluent B-lines to create two sets of reference standard labels (195 training set clips and 198 test set clips). Sets were respectively used to A) train users on a gamified crowdsourcing platform, and B) compare concordance of the resulting crowd labels to the concordance of individual experts to reference standards. Results: 99,238 crowdsourced opinions on 2,384 lung ultrasound clips were collected from 426 unique users over 8 days. On the 198 test set clips, mean labeling concordance of individual experts relative to the reference standard was 85.0% +/- 2.0 (SEM), compared to 87.9% crowdsourced label concordance (p=0.15). When individual experts' opinions were compared to reference standard labels created by majority vote excluding their own opinion, crowd concordance was higher than the mean concordance of individual experts to reference standards (87.4% vs. 80.8% +/- 1.6; p<0.001). Conclusion: Crowdsourced labels for B-line classification via a gamified approach achieved expert-level quality. Scalable, high-quality labeling approaches may facilitate training dataset creation for machine learning model development., Comment: 27 pages total
Published: 2023

6. Deep Learning for Detection and Localization of B-Lines in Lung Ultrasound

Author: Lucassen, Ruben T., Jafari, Mohammad H., Duggan, Nicole M., Jowkar, Nick, Mehrtash, Alireza, Fischetti, Chanel, Bernier, Denie, Prentice, Kira, Duhaime, Erik P., Jin, Mike, Abolmaesumi, Purang, Heslinga, Friso G., Veta, Mitko, Duran-Mendicuti, Maria A., Frisken, Sarah, Shyn, Paul B., Golby, Alexandra J., Boyer, Edward, Wells, William M., Goldsmith, Andrew J., and Kapur, Tina
Subjects: Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Abstract: Lung ultrasound (LUS) is an important imaging modality used by emergency physicians to assess pulmonary congestion at the patient bedside. B-line artifacts in LUS videos are key findings associated with pulmonary congestion. Not only can the interpretation of LUS be challenging for novice operators, but visual quantification of B-lines remains subject to observer variability. In this work, we investigate the strengths and weaknesses of multiple deep learning approaches for automated B-line detection and localization in LUS videos. We curate and publish, BEDLUS, a new ultrasound dataset comprising 1,419 videos from 113 patients with a total of 15,755 expert-annotated B-lines. Based on this dataset, we present a benchmark of established deep learning methods applied to the task of B-line detection. To pave the way for interpretable quantification of B-lines, we propose a novel "single-point" approach to B-line localization using only the point of origin. Our results show that (a) the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranges from 0.864 to 0.955 for the benchmarked detection methods, (b) within this range, the best performance is achieved by models that leverage multiple successive frames as input, and (c) the proposed single-point approach for B-line localization reaches an F1-score of 0.65, performing on par with the inter-observer agreement. The dataset and developed methods can facilitate further biomedical research on automated interpretation of lung ultrasound with the potential to expand the clinical utility., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2023

7. ImageBox3: No-Server Tile Serving to Traverse Whole Slide Images on the Web

Author: Bhawsar, Praphulla MS, Bremer, Erich, Duggan, Máire A, Chanock, Stephen, Garcia-Closas, Montserrat, Saltz, Joel, and Almeida, Jonas S
Subjects: Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, Computer Science - Software Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Abstract: Whole slide imaging (WSI) has become the primary modality for digital pathology data. However, due to the size and high-resolution nature of these images, they are generally only accessed in smaller sections or tiles via specialized platforms, most of which require extensive setup and/or costly infrastructure. These platforms typically also need a copy of the images to be locally available to them, potentially causing issues with data governance and provenance. To address these concerns, we developed ImageBox3, an in-browser tiling mechanism to enable zero-footprint traversal of remote WSI data. All computation is performed client-side without compromising user governance, operating public and private images alike as long as the storage service supports HTTP range requests (standard in Cloud storage and most web servers). ImageBox3 thus removes significant hurdles to WSI operation and effective collaboration, allowing for the sort of democratized analytical tools needed to establish participative, FAIR digital pathology data commons. Availability: code - https://github.com/episphere/imagebox3; fig1 (live) - https://episphere.github.io/imagebox3/demo/scriptTag ; fig2 (live) - https://episphere.github.io/imagebox3/demo/serviceWorker ; fig 3 (live) - https://observablehq.com/@prafulb/imagebox3-in-observable ., Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2022

8. Higgs in a box: investigating the nature of a scientific discovery

Author: Woithe, Julia, Boselli, Margherita, Chatzidaki, Panagiota, Dahlkemper, Merten Nikolay, Duggan, Ruadh, Durey, Guillaume, Herff, Niklas, Horvat, Anja Kranjc, Molaro, Daniele, Scheerer, Gernot Werner, Schmeling, Sascha, Thill, Patrick Georges, Wiener, Jeff, and Zoechling, Sarah
Subjects: Physics - Physics Education, Physics - Popular Physics
Abstract: The discovery of the Higgs boson by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations in 2012 concluded the longest search for a particle in the history of particle physics and was based on the largest and most complex physics experiments ever conducted, involving thousands of scientists and engineers from around the world. It provided crucial evidence for a theory developed in the 1960s that describes the existence of the invisible Brout-Englert-Higgs field and the effects of this field on the mass of elementary particles. After the discovery, the work on the theoretical prediction was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics 2013. This discovery provides a prime example of modern science in the making and a fantastic opportunity to discuss important aspects of Nature of Science (NoS) in the classroom. In this article, we draw connections between a) milestones in the discovery of the Higgs boson, b) important aspects of NoS, and c) hands-on activities with mystery boxes, which are an effective tool to enable students to experience elements of scientific discovery and explicitly reflect on NoS. We hope that this supports educators in bringing lively discussions about modern physics research into their classrooms., Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2022

9. Nanoptera In Higher-Order Nonlinear Schr\'odinger Equations: Effects Of Discretization

Author: Moston-Duggan, Aaron J., Porter, Mason A., and Lustri, Christopher J.
Subjects: Nonlinear Sciences - Pattern Formation and Solitons, Mathematics - Dynamical Systems, 34E15, 35Q51, 35Q55, 37K40
Abstract: We consider generalizations of nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations, which we call "Karpman equations", that include additional linear higher-order derivatives. Singularly-perturbed Karpman equations produce generalized solitary waves (GSWs) in the form of solitary waves with exponentially small oscillatory tails. Nanoptera are a special case of GSWs in which these oscillatory tails do not decay. Previous research on continuous third-order and fourth-order Karpman equations has shown that nanoptera occur in specific settings. We use exponential asymptotic techniques to identify traveling nanoptera in singularly-perturbed continuous Karpman equations. We then study the effect of discretization on nanoptera by applying a finite-difference discretization to continuous Karpman equations and studying traveling-wave solutions. The finite-difference discretization turns a continuous Karpman equation into an advance--delay equation, which we study using exponential asymptotic analysis. By comparing nanoptera in these discrete Karpman equations with nanoptera in their continuous counterparts, we show that the oscillation amplitudes and periods in the nanoptera tails differ in the continuous and discretized equations. We also show that the parameter values at which there is a bifurcation between nanopteron and decaying oscillatory solutions depends on the choice of discretization. Finally, by comparing different higher-order discretizations of the fourth-order Karpman equation, we show that the bifurcation value tends to a nonzero constant for large orders, rather than to $0$ as in the associated continuous Karpman equation., Comment: 14 figures, 42 pages, 4 tables
Published: 2022

10. Struggling to Maintain Academic Success: A Phenomenological Study of Students with Disabilities' Experiences with Limited and/or Reduced Supports in Higher Education

Author: Duggan, Mary Frances
Abstract: The steady increase of students with disabilities (SWD) enrolling in higher education can lead to barriers regarding the continued receipt of academic supports that can ensure positive outcomes in college; these challenges to obtain equitable supports similar to those received in PK-12 can make college transition more difficult. The problem addressed in this study was the limited and/or reduced continuation of effective supports for SWD transitioning from PK-12 to higher education degree programs and the potential for increased academic barriers. The purpose of this study was to understand the lived experiences of SWD receiving limited and/or reduced supports after transitioning from PK-12 to higher education degree programs. This research focused on the potential reasons why SWD might perceive they are receiving supports that are not comparable to what was previously received at the PK-12 level. The study explored the participants' lived experiences through Adams' (1963) equity theory and Bandura's (1977) social learning theory to explore and understand the study problem. The qualitative phenomenological study used semi-structured individual interviews of SWD who had previously received supports during PK-12 and while attending college to acquire in-depth data on their experiences and perceptions surrounding receiving supports in college. The interpretation of the findings was organized into four themes originating from the study research question. The research revealed most SWD shared similar experiences related to receiving supports in college that were affected by an ineffective transition planning process, lack of advocacy skills, challenges adjusting to college life, and how supports received played a role in effecting positive outcomes for SWD at the postsecondary level. Recommendations for future practice include an improved transition planning process, improving the teaching of advocacy skills during PK-12, and adopting a universal design for learning approach on college campuses to further enhance positive outcomes for SWD at the postsecondary level. Future researchers may want to explore further how the transition planning process affects receiving supports and the student's ability to advocate for themselves confidently. Researchers may also want to replicate this study with a more gender-balanced participant sample. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
Published: 2023

11. Observation of anti-parity-time-symmetry, phase transitions and exceptional points in an optical fibre

Author: Bergman, Arik, Duggan, Robert, Sharma, Kavita, Tur, Moshe, Zadok, Avi, and Alu, Andrea
Subjects: Physics - Optics
Abstract: The exotic physics emerging in non-Hermitian systems with balanced distributions of gain and loss has drawn a great deal of attention in recent years. These systems exhibit phase transitions and exceptional point singularities in their spectra, at which eigen-values and eigen-modes coalesce and the overall dimensionality is reduced. Among several peculiar phenomena observed at exceptional points, an especially intriguing property, with relevant practical potential, consists in the inherently enhanced sensitivity to small-scale perturbations. So far, however, these principles have been implemented at the expenses of precise fabrication and tuning requirements, involving tailored nano-structured devices with controlled distributions of optical gain and loss. In this work, anti-parity-time symmetric phase transitions and exceptional point singularities are demonstrated in a single strand of standard single-mode telecommunication fibre, using a setup consisting of entirely of off-the-shelf components. Two propagating signals are amplified and coupled through stimulated Brillouin scattering, which makes the process non-Hermitian and enables exquisite control over gain and loss. Singular response to small variations around the exceptional point and topological features arising around this singularity are experimentally demonstrated with large precision, enabling robustly enhanced spectral response to small-scale changes in the Brillouin frequency shift. Our findings open exciting opportunities for the exploration of non-Hermitian phenomena over a table-top setup, with straightforward extensions to higher-order Hamiltonians and applications in quantum optics, nanophotonics and sensing.
Published: 2020
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12. Results of search for magnetized quark-nugget dark matter from radial impacts on Earth

Author: VanDevender, J. Pace, Schmitt, Robert G., McGinley, Niall, Duggan, David G., McGinty, Seamus, VanDevender, Aaron P., Wilson, Peter, Dixon, Deborah, Girard, Helen, and McRae, Jacquelyn
Subjects: Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: Magnetized Quark Nuggets (MQNs) are a recently proposed dark-matter candidate consistent with the Standard Model and with Tatsumi's theory of quark-nugget cores in magnetars. Previous publications have covered their formation in the early universe, aggregation into a broad mass distribution before they can decay by the weak force, interaction with normal matter through their magnetopause, and first observation consistent MQNs, i.e. a nearly tangential impact limiting their surface-magnetic-field parameter B_o from Tatsumi's values of 0.1 to 10.0 TT to new value of 1.65 TT +/- 21%. The MQN mass distribution and interaction cross section depend strongly on B_o. Their magnetopause is much larger than their geometric dimensions and can cause sufficient energy deposition to form non-meteorite craters, which are reported approximately annually. We report computer simulations of the MQN energy deposition in water-saturated peat, soft sediments, and granite and report results from excavating such a crater. Five points of agreement between observations and hydrodynamic simulations of an MQN impact support this second observation consistent with MQN dark matter and suggest a method for qualifying additional MQN events. The results also redundantly constrain B_o to greater than 0.4 TT., Comment: 34 pages, 14 figures, 2 Tables. Published in Universe
Published: 2020
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13. The Stars in M15 Were Born with the r-process

Author: Kirby, Evan N., Duggan, Gina, Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico, and Macias, Phillip
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: High-resolution spectroscopy of stars on the red giant branch (RGB) of the globular cluster M15 has revealed a large (~1 dex) dispersion in the abundances of r-process elements, like Ba and Eu. Neutron star mergers (NSMs) have been proposed as a major source of the r-process. However, most NSM models predict a delay time longer than the timescale for cluster formation. One possibility is that a NSM polluted the surfaces of stars in M15 long after the cluster finished forming. In this case, the abundances of the polluting elements would decrease in the first dredge-up as stars turn on to the RGB. We present Keck/DEIMOS abundances of Ba in 66 stars along the entire RGB and the top of the main sequence. The Ba abundances have no trend with stellar luminosity (evolutionary phase). Therefore, the stars were born with the Ba they have today, and Ba did not originate in a source with a delay time longer than the timescale for cluster formation. In particular, if the source of Ba was a neutron star merger, it would have had a very short delay time. Alternatively, if Ba enrichment took place before the formation of the cluster, an inhomogeneity of a factor of 30 in Ba abundance needs to be able to persist over the length scale of the gas cloud that formed M15, which is unlikely., Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, accepted to ApJL
Published: 2020
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14. Examining the Influence of Argument Driven Inquiry Instructional Approach on Female Students of Color in Sixth Grade Science: Its Impact on Classroom Experience, Interest, and Self-Efficacy in Science, Written Argumentation Skills, and Scientific Voice

Author: Duggan, Paul
Abstract: Four of the eight Engineering Standards in the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS, 2013) focus on authentic science communication: "asking questions (science) and defining problems (engineering), analyzing and interpreting data, constructing explanations (for science) and designing solutions (for engineering), engaging in argument from evidence, obtaining, evaluating and communicating information" (Sampson et al., 2010, p. 218). Authentic science communication is supported in NGSS through cross-cutting concepts (Driver et al., 2000) that integrate the structure and function of science concepts together with communication strategies that include reading, writing, and peer critique. These cross-cutting concepts include reading strategies that focus on reading informational text such as cause and effect relationships, reading captions and challenge text. These skills are used in all science and engineering fields. Mastery in both science concepts and authentic scientific communication is critical to success in the STEM fields which require collaboration among scientists and independent contribution. Argument Driven Inquiry (ADI) is an instructional practice that integrates reading, writing, and peer critique that is grounded in authentic scientific practices (Driver et al., 2000). As such, ADI is an instructional approach that supports students in learning these NGSS standards. Further, ADI is a culturally-relevant pedagogical (CRP) instructional approach that is grounded in raising students' critical consciousness (learning 21st century critical thinking skills, such as evaluation, and questioning subject matter text). It is well-known that in the literature that students' interest in STEM declines in middle school grades, especially around sixth grade, even for students who demonstrate high academic achievement in science. Thus, ADI has been hypothesized as an instructional approach that can impact student engagement which has the potential to increase and sustain their interest in STEM at a critical point at which has been found to decline. While the correlation between high science performance and decreasing interest is well-documented for students, in general, and a few studies have examined this relationship in females, studies have not yet examined this correlation for the intersectionality of two of the highest under-represented populations in STEM based on race/ethnicity and gender: African American and Latina females. This study utilized qualitative methods to address two research questions: Research Question 1: In what ways did implementing and scaffolding the ADI instructional approach influence the classroom experiences, interest, and self-confidence for female students of color (i.e., non-White) in middle school (sixth grade) science? Research Question 2: In what ways did using the ADI instructional approach impact female students of color (i.e., non-White) written argumentation skills (including peer review) and scientific voice in middle school (sixth grade) science? Participants were four female students in sixth grade science classes representing African American and Latina females with low socio-economic status ranging in ages from 11-12 years of age. These students received ADI science instruction within the same school. The study took place during the first quarter of the fall semester of sixth grade. I was the researcher and also the classroom science teacher. I taught using the ADI instructional approach, and I collected the data from the students that was used for this study. Specifically, I took field notes while observing the students during their interactive labs, and I conducted semi-structured individual interviews three times during this study with each student and two focus groups that included all four participants at the end of this study. Several data sources were used to form the basis of the interviews: participants' ratings on science interest and self-efficacy questionnaires completed at the beginning of the school year as a regular part of classroom procedures, as well as their academic performance as measured by their repeated-measure teacher team-completed ADI Rubric for each individual student for each lab and their written lab reports. Two independent coders and I coded the transcribed data, and an inductive analysis approach was used to analyze the data. Because I was the researcher and also the students' classroom teacher, precautions were taken to protect against bias. Namely, the ADI rubric was scored by a collective group of teachers in the science department rather than me as the primary teacher alone (note that this practice of multiple teachers scoring the ADI rubrics is standard procedure at this school and was not implemented differently for this study), independent coders were used in addition to my coding transcripts, and other triangulation of various data sources (e.g., written work through peer-reviewed and teacher team-scored lab reports, focus group interview, individual interviews and questionnaires) were used to assist me in making valid inferences. Findings from this study have the potential to impact decisions made about selecting instructional approaches in science for underrepresented middle school students, specifically females who are African American or Latina. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
Published: 2022

15. Implementation of Evidence-Based Early Childhood Home Visiting: Results from the Mother and Infant Home Visiting Program Evaluation. OPRE Report 2018-76A

Author: Administration for Children and Families (DHHS), Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation (OPRE), MDRC, Duggan, Anne, Portilla, Ximena A., Filene, Jill H., Crowne, Sarah Shea, Hill, Carolyn J., Lee, Helen, and Knox, Virginia
Abstract: This implementation research report describes the local programs, home visiting staff, and families who participated in the Mother and Infant Home Visiting Program Evaluation (MIHOPE), a national evaluation of the federal Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV) program launched in 2011. This national evaluation is systematically examining how program features and implementation systems are associated with services delivered and impacts across four of the home visiting models designated as evidence-based by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Early Head Start -- Home-based option, Healthy Families America, Nurse-Family Partnership, and Parents as Teachers. To provide reliable estimates of the effects of home visiting programs, the MIHOPE team randomly assigned families who were interested in and eligible for a MIECHV-funded local program participating in MIHOPE, and who consented to be in the study, to either the MIECHV-funded local program or a control group that was referred to other appropriate services in the community. The entire period of implementation research data collection lasted from September 2012 to June 2016. Implementation research activities included family surveys and observations of families' home and external environments at baseline, family service logs, observations of home visitor-family interactions, staff surveys, semi-structured qualitative interviews with home visitors, training logs, supervision logs, inventories of community services, surveys and interviews with evidence-based model developers, and reviews of local program and evidence-based model documents. Key findings include: (1) The MIECHV-funded local programs served families in disadvantaged communities with high levels of risk; (2) Similar to prior research, families in MIHOPE participated in home visiting for eight months on average, which is less than expected by the four evidence-based models in the study; (3) Local programs focused on improving parenting and child development outcomes, areas historically emphasized by all four of the evidence-based models; and (4) Services related to sensitive topics were tailored to family needs.
Published: 2018

16. Foundations of Digital Arch{\ae}oludology

Author: Browne, Cameron, Soemers, Dennis J. N. J., Piette, Éric, Stephenson, Matthew, Conrad, Michael, Crist, Walter, Depaulis, Thierry, Duggan, Eddie, Horn, Fred, Kelk, Steven, Lucas, Simon M., Neto, João Pedro, Parlett, David, Saffidine, Abdallah, Schädler, Ulrich, Silva, Jorge Nuno, de Voogt, Alex, and Winands, Mark H. M.
Subjects: Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: Digital Archaeoludology (DAL) is a new field of study involving the analysis and reconstruction of ancient games from incomplete descriptions and archaeological evidence using modern computational techniques. The aim is to provide digital tools and methods to help game historians and other researchers better understand traditional games, their development throughout recorded human history, and their relationship to the development of human culture and mathematical knowledge. This work is being explored in the ERC-funded Digital Ludeme Project. The aim of this inaugural international research meeting on DAL is to gather together leading experts in relevant disciplines - computer science, artificial intelligence, machine learning, computational phylogenetics, mathematics, history, archaeology, anthropology, etc. - to discuss the key themes and establish the foundations for this new field of research, so that it may continue beyond the lifetime of its initiating project., Comment: Report on Dagstuhl Research Meeting. Authored/edited by all participants. Appendices by Thierry Depaulis
Published: 2019

17. Optomechanically Induced Birefringence and Faraday Effect

Author: Duggan, Robert, del Pino, Javier, Verhagen, Ewold, and Alù, Andrea
Subjects: Physics - Optics
Abstract: We demonstrate an optomechanical platform where optical mode conversion mediated by mechanical motion enables arbitrary tailoring of polarization states of propagating light fields. Optomechanical interactions are realized in a Fabry-Per\'ot resonator, which naturally supports two polarization-degenerate states while an optical control field induces rotational symmetry breaking. Applying such principles, the entire Poincar\'e sphere is spanned by just optical control of the driving field, realizing reciprocal and non-reciprocal optomechanically-induced birefringence for linearly polarized and circularly polarized control driving. A straightforward extension of this setup also enables all-optical tunable isolation and circulation. Our findings open new avenues to exploit optomechanics for arbitrary manipulation of light polarization., Comment: Main text: 7 pages, 3 figures. Supplemental Material: 3 pages, 1 figure
Published: 2019
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18. Astro2020 Science White Paper: Local Dwarf Galaxy Archaeology

Author: Ji, Alexander P., Beaton, Rachel, Chakrabarti, Sukanya, Duggan, Gina, Frebel, Anna, Geha, Marla, Hosek Jr, Matthew, Kirby, Evan, Li, Ting, Roederer, Ian, and Simon, Joshua
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Nearby dwarf galaxies are local analogues of high-redshift and metal-poor stellar populations. Most of these systems ceased star formation long ago, but they retain signatures of their past that can be unraveled by detailed study of their resolved stars. Archaeological examination of dwarf galaxies with resolved stellar spectroscopy provides key insights into the first stars and galaxies, galaxy formation in the smallest dark matter halos, stellar populations in the metal-free and metal-poor universe, the nature of the first stellar explosions, and the origin of the elements. Extremely large telescopes with multi-object R=5,000-30,000 spectroscopy are needed to enable such studies for galaxies of different luminosities throughout the Local Group., Comment: White paper submitted to the Astro2020 Decadal Survey
Published: 2019

19. Exploring Identities and Life Stories of Multilingual Transnational Couples through the Lens of Multilinguality and Dominant Language Constellations

Author: Anna Krulatz and Jennifer Duggan
Abstract: As international migration is becoming a commonplace phenomenon, there is a marked increase in the number of transnational multilingual families worldwide. This contribution examines the multilingual and multicultural identities and life stories of five transnational, multilingual immigrant couples residing in Norway and aims to contribute to the study of the diverse ways in which language use by multilinguals can undergo shifts and changes as a result of international mobility. The chapter employs the notions of multilinguality and dominant language constellations (DLCs) as the theoretical lens through which the individual and social factors that shape the ways in which multilinguals define and experience themselves are examined. The data set consisted of ten personal narratives, biodata and language use data obtained through a Language Use Questionnaire adapted from Fielding and Harmon (Examining bilingual and bicultural identity in young students. For Lang Annals 46(4):527-544, 2013), as well as dominant language constellations drawn by the participants. The findings suggest that transnational multilinguals form complex and multifaceted linguistic identities as a result of immigration and constantly evolving individual language trajectories. [For the complete volume, "Dominant Language Constellations Approach in Education and Language Acquisition. Educational Linguistics. Volume 51," see ED660754.]
Published: 2021
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20. A hot and fast ultra-stripped supernova that likely formed a compact neutron star binary

Author: De, K., Kasliwal, M. M., Ofek, E. O., Moriya, T. J., Burke, J., Cao, Y., Cenko, S. B., Doran, G. B., Duggan, G. E., Fender, R. P., Fransson, C., Gal-Yam, A., Horesh, A., Kulkarni, S. R., Laher, R. R., Lunnan, R., Manulis, I., Masci, F., Mazzali, P. A., Nugent, P. E., Perley, D. A., Petrushevska, T., Piro, A. L., Rumsey, C., Sollerman, J., Sullivan, M., and Taddia, F.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Compact neutron star binary systems are produced from binary massive stars through stellar evolution involving up to two supernova explosions. The final stages in the formation of these systems have not been directly observed. We report the discovery of iPTF 14gqr (SN 2014ft), a Type Ic supernova with a fast evolving light curve indicating an extremely low ejecta mass ($\approx 0.2$ solar masses) and low kinetic energy ($\approx 2 \times 10^{50}$ ergs). Early photometry and spectroscopy reveal evidence of shock cooling of an extended He-rich envelope, likely ejected in an intense pre-explosion mass loss episode of the progenitor. Taken together, we interpret iPTF 14gqr as evidence for ultra-stripped supernovae that form neutron stars in compact binary systems., Comment: Published in Science on October 12
Published: 2018
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21. The Broad Absorption Line Tidal Disruption Event iPTF15af: Optical and Ultraviolet Evolution

Author: Blagorodnova, N., Cenko, S. B., Kulkarni, S. R., Arcavi, I., Bloom, J. S., Duggan, G., Filippenko, A. V., Fremling, C., Horesh, A., Hosseinzadeh, G., Karamehmetoglu, E., Levan, A., Masci, F. J., Nugent, P. E., Pasham, D. R., Veilleux, S., Walters, R., Yan, L., and Zheng, W.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present multi-wavelength observations of the tidal disruption event (TDE) iPTF15af, discovered by the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF) survey at redshift $z=0.07897$. The optical and ultraviolet (UV) light curves of the transient show a slow decay over five months, in agreement with previous optically discovered TDEs. It also has a comparable black-body peak luminosity of $L_{\rm{peak}} \approx 1.5 \times 10^{44}$ erg/s. The inferred temperature from the optical and UV data shows a value of (3$-$5) $\times 10^4$ K. The transient is not detected in X-rays up to $L_X < 3 \times 10^{42}$erg/s within the first five months after discovery. The optical spectra exhibit two distinct broad emission lines in the He II region, and at later times also H$\alpha$ emission. Additionally, emission from [N III] and [O III] is detected, likely produced by the Bowen fluorescence effect. UV spectra reveal broad emission and absorption lines associated with high-ionization states of N V, C IV, Si IV, and possibly P V. These features, analogous to those of broad absorption line quasars (BAL QSOs), require an absorber with column densities $N_{\rm{H}} > 10^{23}$ cm$^{-2}$. This optically thick gas would also explain the non-detection in soft X-rays. The profile of the absorption lines with the highest column density material at the largest velocity is opposite that of BAL QSOs. We suggest that radiation pressure generated by the TDE flare at early times could have provided the initial acceleration mechanism for this gas. Spectral UV line monitoring of future TDEs could test this proposal., Comment: 20 pages, 12 figures, published in ApJ
Published: 2018
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22. Neutron Star Mergers Are the Dominant Source of the r-process in the Early Evolution of Dwarf Galaxies

Author: Duggan, Gina E., Kirby, Evan N., Andrievsky, Serge M., and Korotin, Sergey A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: There are many candidate sites of the r-process: core-collapse supernovae (including rare magnetorotational core-collapse supernovae), neutron star mergers, and neutron star/black hole mergers. The chemical enrichment of galaxies---specifically dwarf galaxies---helps distinguish between these sources based on the continual build-up of r-process elements. This technique can distinguish between the r-process candidate sites by the clearest observational difference---how quickly these events occur after the stars are created. The existence of several nearby dwarf galaxies allows us to measure robust chemical abundances for galaxies with different star formation histories. Dwarf galaxies are especially useful because simple chemical evolution models can be used to determine the sources of r-process material. We have measured the r-process element barium with Keck/DEIMOS medium-resolution spectroscopy. We present the largest sample of barium abundances (almost 250 stars) in dwarf galaxies ever assembled. We measure [Ba/Fe] as a function of [Fe/H] in this sample and compare with existing [alpha/Fe] measurements. We have found that a large contribution of barium needs to occur at more delayed timescales than core-collapse supernovae in order to explain our observed abundances, namely the significantly more positive trend of the r-process component of [Ba/Fe] vs. [Fe/H] seen for [Fe/H] <~ -1.6 when compared to the [Mg/Fe] vs. [Fe/H] trend. We conclude that neutron star mergers are the most likely source of r-process enrichment in dwarf galaxies at early times., Comment: Accepted to ApJ on 2018 October 20
Published: 2018
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23. Oxygen and helium in stripped-envelope supernovae

Author: Fremling, C., Sollerman, J., Kasliwal, M. M., Kulkarni, S. R., Barbarino, C., Ergon, M., Karamehmetoglu, E., Taddia, F., Arcavi, I., Cenko, S. B., Clubb, K., De Cia, A., Duggan, G., Filippenko, A. V., Gal-Yam, A., Graham, M. L., Horesh, A., Hosseinzadeh, G., Howell, D. A., Kuesters, D., Lunnan, R., Matheson, T., Nugent, P. E., Perley, D. A., Quimby, R. M., and Saunders, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: We present an analysis of 507 spectra of 173 stripped-envelope (SE) supernovae (SNe) discovered by the untargeted Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) and intermediate PTF (iPTF) surveys. Our sample contains 55 Type IIb SNe (SNe IIb), 45 Type Ib SNe (SNe Ib), 56 Type Ic SNe (SNe Ic), and 17 Type Ib/c SNe (SNe Ib/c). We compare the SE SN subtypes via measurements of the pseudo-equivalent widths (pEWs) and velocities of the He I $\lambda\lambda5876, 7065$ and O I $\lambda7774$ absorption lines. Consistent with previous work, we find that SNe Ic show higher pEWs and velocities in O I $\lambda7774$ compared to SNe IIb and Ib. The pEWs of the He I $\lambda\lambda5876, 7065$ lines are similar in SNe Ib and IIb after maximum light. The He I $\lambda\lambda5876, 7065$ velocities at maximum light are higher in SNe Ib compared to SNe IIb. We have identified an anticorrelation between the He I $\lambda7065$ pEW and O I $\lambda7774$ velocity among SNe IIb and Ib. This can be interpreted as a continuum in the amount of He present at the time of explosion. It has been suggested that SNe Ib and Ic have similar amounts of He, and that lower mixing could be responsible for hiding He in SNe Ic. However, our data contradict this mixing hypothesis. The observed difference in the expansion rate of the ejecta around maximum light of SNe Ic ($V_{\mathrm{m}}=\sqrt{2E_{\mathrm{k}}/M_{\mathrm{ej}}}\approx15,000$ km s$^{-1}$) and SNe Ib ($V_{\mathrm{m}}\approx9000$ km s$^{-1}$) would imply an average He mass difference of $\sim1.4$ $M_{\odot}$, if the other explosion parameters are assumed to be unchanged between the SE SN subtypes. We conclude that SNe Ic do not hide He but lose He due to envelope stripping., Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2018
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24. The Nuisance Principle in Infinite Settings

Author: Ebels-Duggan, Sean C.
Subjects: Mathematics - Logic
Abstract: Neo-Fregeans have been troubled by the Nuisance Principle (NP), an abstraction principle that is consistent but not jointly (second-order) satisfiable with the favored abstraction principle HP. We show that logically this situation persists if one looks at joint (second-order) consistency rather than satisfiability: under a modest assumption about infinite concepts, NP is also inconsistent with HP.
Published: 2018
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25. Abstraction Principles and the Classification of Second-Order Equivalence Relations

Author: Ebels-Duggan, Sean C.
Subjects: Mathematics - Logic
Abstract: This paper improves two existing theorems of interest to neo-logicist philosophers of mathematics. The first is a classification theorem due to Fine for equivalence relations between concepts definable in a well-behaved second-order logic. The improved theorem states that if an equivalence relation $E$ is defined without non-logical vocabulary, then the bicardinal slice of any equivalence class---those equinumerous elements of the equivalence class with equinumerous complements---can have one of only three profiles. The improvements to Fine's theorem allow for an analysis of the well-behaved models had by an abstraction principle, and this in turn leads to an improvement of Walsh and Ebels-Duggan's relative categoricity theorem.
Published: 2018
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26. Scalable and accurate deep learning for electronic health records

Author: Rajkomar, Alvin, Oren, Eyal, Chen, Kai, Dai, Andrew M., Hajaj, Nissan, Liu, Peter J., Liu, Xiaobing, Sun, Mimi, Sundberg, Patrik, Yee, Hector, Zhang, Kun, Duggan, Gavin E., Flores, Gerardo, Hardt, Michaela, Irvine, Jamie, Le, Quoc, Litsch, Kurt, Marcus, Jake, Mossin, Alexander, Tansuwan, Justin, Wang, De, Wexler, James, Wilson, Jimbo, Ludwig, Dana, Volchenboum, Samuel L., Chou, Katherine, Pearson, Michael, Madabushi, Srinivasan, Shah, Nigam H., Butte, Atul J., Howell, Michael, Cui, Claire, Corrado, Greg, and Dean, Jeff
Subjects: Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Learning
Abstract: Predictive modeling with electronic health record (EHR) data is anticipated to drive personalized medicine and improve healthcare quality. Constructing predictive statistical models typically requires extraction of curated predictor variables from normalized EHR data, a labor-intensive process that discards the vast majority of information in each patient's record. We propose a representation of patients' entire, raw EHR records based on the Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) format. We demonstrate that deep learning methods using this representation are capable of accurately predicting multiple medical events from multiple centers without site-specific data harmonization. We validated our approach using de-identified EHR data from two U.S. academic medical centers with 216,221 adult patients hospitalized for at least 24 hours. In the sequential format we propose, this volume of EHR data unrolled into a total of 46,864,534,945 data points, including clinical notes. Deep learning models achieved high accuracy for tasks such as predicting in-hospital mortality (AUROC across sites 0.93-0.94), 30-day unplanned readmission (AUROC 0.75-0.76), prolonged length of stay (AUROC 0.85-0.86), and all of a patient's final discharge diagnoses (frequency-weighted AUROC 0.90). These models outperformed state-of-the-art traditional predictive models in all cases. We also present a case-study of a neural-network attribution system, which illustrates how clinicians can gain some transparency into the predictions. We believe that this approach can be used to create accurate and scalable predictions for a variety of clinical scenarios, complete with explanations that directly highlight evidence in the patient's chart., Comment: Published version from https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-018-0029-1
Published: 2018
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27. Creating a Pacing Resource Linked to New Mathematics Standards: Collective Sensemaking by Multiple Stakeholder Groups

Author: Arren Duggan
Abstract: This dissertation showcases collective sensemaking in action. The study was situated in a larger North Carolina project, in which educators took a systems approach to update the state's instructional guidance infrastructure during content standards reform. Specifically, I investigated how K-5 educators from multiple stakeholder groups--teachers, instructional coaches, district leaders, and higher-education faculty members--worked together collaboratively to create an enhanced version of a statewide pacing guide, renamed an instructional framework that was designed to support the implementation of new state mathematics standards. Similar to most pacing guides, the instructional framework included suggested sequencing and duration of mathematics standards. However, in contrast to most pacing guides, the instructional framework also included (a) clusters of standards to emphasize mathematical connections and foster a coherent understanding of mathematics for students, (b) ranges of suggested durations to provide flexibility in meeting students' learning needs, (c) links to standards of mathematical practice, and (d) educative information for educators about the mathematics, student learning progressions, and possible models of teaching. My study focused on a single case--the design of the third-grade instructional framework by a 9-member writing team that included 4 stakeholder groups. Data included 10 hours of audio recordings of conversations among the writing team members as they designed the instructional framework across three meetings. The analysis involved using the constant comparative method to understand the writers' collective sensemaking during conversations and then the use of frequencies to detect overall patterns and patterns by stakeholder groups. I identified three categories of debatable topics that emerged during the conversations: topics that focused on the whole framework, a single cluster, and multiple clusters. I also identified five categories of discussion points introduced to resolve the topics or move the conversations forward. The discussion-point categories included consideration of mathematical content--a typical consideration for traditional pacing guides--as well as four additional considerations: students' understandings, pedagogical connections, institutional obligations, and framework organization. Also of interest were the differential priorities for each stakeholder group as captured by the variability in the frequencies of discussion-point categories each group introduced. Findings indicated that each stakeholder group brought different priorities to the design process based on each group's most prevalent discussion-point category, some omissions in discussion-point categories, and their perspectives within certain discussion-point categories. This study is an existence proof that collective sensemaking during the collaborative design of a resource is possible during reform efforts that use a systems approach. Findings also offer three insights related to the design of pacing resources during content standards reform, which could be of interest to district and state leaders and policymakers. First, the collective sensemaking opportunities that occurred during the creation of the framework led to the identification of four additional considerations--beyond the typical consideration of mathematical content--that writers of pacing resources should consider during the design process. Second, this study offers empirical evidence for the importance of involving multiple stakeholder groups in the design of resources. Based on their professional responsibilities, the stakeholder groups brought various experiences, expertise, and knowledge to the design process. This variation was particularly visible when comparing the frequencies of discussion-point categories for each stakeholder group. Each group had a different discussion-point category that they used most often, and one group never used a discussion-point category. Therefore, if all stakeholder groups were not involved in the design process, some discussion-point categories may never have been introduced (or addressed) during the creation of the third-grade framework. Finally, this study offers evidence of how taking a systems approach and including multiple stakeholder groups in the design process can help address three typical implementation challenges for content standards reform--misalignment with existing resources, lack of buy-in, and lack of collective sensemaking opportunities. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
Published: 2021

28. Visual Progression Analysis of Student Records Data

Author: Raji, Mohammad, Duggan, John, DeCotes, Blaise, Huang, Jian, and Zanden, Bradley Vander
Subjects: Computer Science - Computers and Society
Abstract: University curriculum, both on a campus level and on a per-major level, are affected in a complex way by many decisions of many administrators and faculty over time. As universities across the United States share an urgency to significantly improve student success and success retention, there is a pressing need to better understand how the student population is progressing through the curriculum, and how to provide better supporting infrastructure and refine the curriculum for the purpose of improving student outcomes. This work has developed a visual knowledge discovery system called eCamp that pulls together a variety of populationscale data products, including student grades, major descriptions, and graduation records. These datasets were previously disconnected and only available to and maintained by independent campus offices. The framework models and analyzes the multi-level relationships hidden within these data products, and visualizes the student flow patterns through individual majors as well as through a hierarchy of majors. These results support analytical tasks involving student outcomes, student retention, and curriculum design. It is shown how eCamp has revealed student progression information that was previously unavailable., Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, Published in Visualization in Data Science (VDS 2017)
Published: 2017

29. Types for Location and Data Security in Cloud Environments

Author: Gazeau, Ivan, Chothia, Tom, and Duggan, Dominic
Subjects: Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Abstract: Cloud service providers are often trusted to be genuine, the damage caused by being discovered to be attacking their own customers outweighs any benefits such attacks could reap. On the other hand, it is expected that some cloud service users may be actively malicious. In such an open system, each location may run code which has been developed independently of other locations (and which may be secret). In this paper, we present a typed language which ensures that the access restrictions put on data on a particular device will be observed by all other devices running typed code. Untyped, compromised devices can still interact with typed devices without being able to violate the policies, except in the case when a policy directly places trust in untyped locations. Importantly, our type system does not need a middleware layer or all users to register with a preexisting PKI, and it allows for devices to dynamically create new identities. The confidentiality property guaranteed by the language is defined for any kind of intruder: we consider labeled bisimilarity i.e. an attacker cannot distinguish two scenarios that differ by the change of a protected value. This shows our main result that, for a device that runs well typed code and only places trust in other well typed devices, programming errors cannot cause a data leakage., Comment: Short version to appear in Computer Security Foundations Symposium (CSF'17), August 2017
Published: 2017

30. Triangulum II: Not Especially Dense After All

Author: Kirby, Evan N., Cohen, Judith G., Simon, Joshua D., Guhathakurta, Puragra, Thygesen, Anders O., and Duggan, Gina E.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Among the Milky Way satellites discovered in the past three years, Triangulum II has presented the most difficulty in revealing its dynamical status. Kirby et al. (2015a) identified it as the most dark matter-dominated galaxy known, with a mass-to-light ratio within the half-light radius of 3600 +3500 -2100 M_sun/L_sun. On the other hand, Martin et al. (2016) measured an outer velocity dispersion that is 3.5 +/- 2.1 times larger than the central velocity dispersion, suggesting that the system might not be in equilibrium. From new multi-epoch Keck/DEIMOS measurements of 13 member stars in Triangulum II, we constrain the velocity dispersion to be sigma_v < 3.4 km/s (90% C.L.). Our previous measurement of sigma_v, based on six stars, was inflated by the presence of a binary star with variable radial velocity. We find no evidence that the velocity dispersion increases with radius. The stars display a wide range of metallicities, indicating that Triangulum II retained supernova ejecta and therefore possesses or once possessed a massive dark matter halo. However, the detection of a metallicity dispersion hinges on the membership of the two most metal-rich stars. The stellar mass is lower than galaxies of similar mean stellar metallicity, which might indicate that Triangulum II is either a star cluster or a tidally stripped dwarf galaxy. Detailed abundances of one star show heavily depressed neutron-capture abundances, similar to stars in most other ultra-faint dwarf galaxies but unlike stars in globular clusters., Comment: accepted to ApJ, Table 5 available as a machine-readable table by clicking on "Other formats" on the right. Proof corrections reflected in version 2
Published: 2017
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31. BigDAWG Polystore Release and Demonstration

Author: OBrien, Kyle, Gadepally, Vijay, Duggan, Jennie, Dziedzic, Adam, Elmore, Aaron, Kepner, Jeremy, Madden, Samuel, Mattson, Tim, She, Zuohao, and Stonebraker, Michael
Subjects: Computer Science - Databases
Abstract: The Intel Science and Technology Center for Big Data is developing a reference implementation of a Polystore database. The BigDAWG (Big Data Working Group) system supports "many sizes" of database engines, multiple programming languages and complex analytics for a variety of workloads. Our recent efforts include application of BigDAWG to an ocean metagenomics problem and containerization of BigDAWG. We intend to release an open source BigDAWG v1.0 in the Spring of 2017. In this article, we will demonstrate a number of polystore applications developed with oceanographic researchers at MIT and describe our forthcoming open source release of the BigDAWG system.
Published: 2017

32. Language Delays and Child Depressive Symptoms: The Role of Early Stimulation in the Home

Author: Herman, Keith C., Cohen, Daniel, Owens, Sarah, Latimore, Tracey, Reinke, Wendy M., Burrell, Lori, McFarlane, Elizabeth, and Duggan, Anne
Abstract: The present study investigated the role of early stimulation in the home and child language delays in the emergence of depressive symptoms. Data were from a longitudinal study of at-risk children in Hawaii (n = 587). Low learning stimulation in the home at age 3 and language delays in first grade both significantly increased risk for child depressive symptoms in third grade. Structural equation modeling supported the hypothesized path models from home learning environment at age 3 to depressive symptoms in third grade controlling for a host of correlated constructs (maternal depression, child temperament, and child internalizing symptoms). Total language skills in the first grade mediated the effect of home learning environment on depressive symptoms. The study and findings fit well with a nurturing environment perspective. Implications for understanding the etiology of child depression and for designing interventions and prevention strategies are discussed. [This is the online version of an article published in "Prevention Science."]
Published: 2016
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33. Learning Instructional Practices in Professional Development

Author: Webb, Jar, Wilson, P. Holt, Martin, Megan, and Duggan, Arren
Abstract: In this paper, we describe teachers' learning of an instructional practice related to launching a cognitively demanding task. Using a multi-case study design, we analyze eight teachers' participation in a rehearsal of the instructional practice in professional development and the ways these teachers enacted this practice in their classroom instruction. Our findings suggest that what teachers attended to in their rehearsal related to their classroom practice and the degree to which the cognitive demands of the task were maintained. [For the complete proceedings, see ED583989.]
Published: 2015

34. The Contribution of Qualitative Research Towards the Issues Affecting Female Undergraduate Engineering Students

Author: Duggan, Louise Maria
Abstract: This article explores the use of qualitative research methods towards our understanding of the issues affecting female undergraduate engineers. As outlined in this article female engineering students face many challenges during their undergraduate studies. Qualitative research methods provide an opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of the issues affecting female undergraduate engineering students. Qualitative research provides an opportunity to gain rich data that simply would not be possible using quantitative methods. This article critically appraises three qualitative articles discussing the issues affecting the female undergraduate engineer and highlights the contribution that each article makes towards our overall understanding of the undergraduate female engineering experience. This article concludes that qualitative research methods provide invaluable data and has the potential to uncover new phenomenon.
Published: 2015

35. 'I'll Get My Fantastic ATAR and Never Look Back': Understanding Temporality and Future Orientation for Young Women in the Senior Year

Author: Duggan, Shane
Abstract: This article considers how time is imagined, lived, and desired in young women's lives as they undertake their senior year. Building on an extensive body of scholarly work on this topic, I argue economic and competitive imperatives have intensified for many young people in recent times, manifesting in an educational apparatus that increasingly defines the parameters of success and achievement in terms of self-regulation and personal responsibility. This article draws upon a series of interviews and asynchronous 'blog' posts from a year-long study of 13 young people engaged in their senior year enrolled in the Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) in Melbourne, Australia. It suggests that the intensification, compression, and control of time in educational discourse around the senior year plays a powerful role in self making for young women in particular. For these young women, traditional 'blueprints' for making a life sit alongside and in conversation with a highly individualised understanding of how those narratives might be realised amid a background of significant cultural and social change in Australia. Thus, I suggest that continual self-improvement, and future orientation are positioned as necessary attributes in senior curriculum, and these do significant work in orienting young women's aspirations in modern times.
Published: 2015

36. The Mother and Infant Home Visiting Program Evaluation: Early Findings on the Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting Program. A Report to Congress. OPRE Report 2015-11

Author: Administration for Children and Families (DHHS), Office of Planning, Research & Evaluation, MDRC, Michalopoulos, Charles, Lee, Helen, Duggan, Anne, Lundquist, Erika, Tso, Ada, Crowne, Sarah Shea, Burrell, Lori, Somers, Jennifer, Filene, Jill H., and Knox, Virginia
Abstract: "The Mother and Infant Home Visiting Program Evaluation: Early Findings on the Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting Program--A Report to Congress" presents the first findings from the Mother and Infant Home Visiting Program Evaluation (MIHOPE), the legislatively mandated national evaluation of the Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting program (MIECHV or the Home Visiting Program). The report includes an analysis of the states' needs assessments, as well as baseline characteristics of families, staff, local programs, and models participating in the study. The information in this report provides a foundation for understanding the implementation and impacts of MIECHV-funded home visiting programs. Later reports will explore the local and national implementation of those programs, and their effects on families with young children. The study is being overseen by OPRE and conducted by MDRC in partnership with James Bell Associates, Johns Hopkins University, Mathematica Policy Research, the University of Georgia, and Columbia University. The study's design and plans for the content of the Report to Congress reflect advice from the Secretary's Advisory Committee on the Maternal, Infant and Early Childhood Home Visiting Program Evaluation. The following are appended: (1) Home Visiting Programs in Existence Before MIECHV, as Reported in the 2010 State Needs Assessments; (2) Programs in Use in Only One State Prior to MIECHV, as Reported in the 2010 State Needs Assessments; (3) Indicators of Community Risk in Communities Chosen for MIECHV Funding, Based on the 2010 State Needs Assessments; (4) Fiscal Year 2010 and 2011 State Plans for MIECHV Funding; and (5) Chapter 5 Supplement: Additional Information on the Home Visiting Implementation Policies of National Models and Local Programs.
Published: 2015

37. Parameterized Dataflow (Extended Abstract)

Author: Duggan, Dominic and Yao, Jianhua
Subjects: Computer Science - Programming Languages, Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Abstract: Dataflow networks have application in various forms of stream processing, for example for parallel processing of multimedia data. The description of dataflow graphs, including their firing behavior, is typically non-compositional and not amenable to separate compilation. This article considers a dataflow language with a type and effect system that captures the firing behavior of actors. This system allows definitions to abstract over actor firing rates, supporting the definition and safe composition of actor definitions where firing rates are not instantiated until a dataflow graph is launched., Comment: In Proceedings QAPL'16, arXiv:1610.07696
Published: 2016
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38. The BigDAWG Polystore System and Architecture

Author: Gadepally, Vijay, Chen, Peinan, Duggan, Jennie, Elmore, Aaron, Haynes, Brandon, Kepner, Jeremy, Madden, Samuel, Mattson, Tim, and Stonebraker, Michael
Subjects: Computer Science - Databases
Abstract: Organizations are often faced with the challenge of providing data management solutions for large, heterogenous datasets that may have different underlying data and programming models. For example, a medical dataset may have unstructured text, relational data, time series waveforms and imagery. Trying to fit such datasets in a single data management system can have adverse performance and efficiency effects. As a part of the Intel Science and Technology Center on Big Data, we are developing a polystore system designed for such problems. BigDAWG (short for the Big Data Analytics Working Group) is a polystore system designed to work on complex problems that naturally span across different processing or storage engines. BigDAWG provides an architecture that supports diverse database systems working with different data models, support for the competing notions of location transparency and semantic completeness via islands and a middleware that provides a uniform multi--island interface. Initial results from a prototype of the BigDAWG system applied to a medical dataset validate polystore concepts. In this article, we will describe polystore databases, the current BigDAWG architecture and its application on the MIMIC II medical dataset, initial performance results and our future development plans., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing (HPEC) conference 2016
Published: 2016
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39. Type Ibn Supernovae Show Photometric Homogeneity and Spectral Diversity at Maximum Light

Author: Hosseinzadeh, Griffin, Arcavi, Iair, Valenti, Stefano, McCully, Curtis, Howell, D. Andrew, Johansson, Joel, Sollerman, Jesper, Pastorello, Andrea, Benetti, Stefano, Cao, Yi, Cenko, S. Bradley, Clubb, Kelsey, Corsi, Alessandra, Duggan, Gina, Elias-Rosa, Nancy, Filippenko, Alexei V., Fox, Ori D., Fremling, Christoffer, Horesh, Assaf, Karamehmetoglu, Emir, Kasliwal, Mansi, Marion, G. H., Ofek, Eran, Sand, David, Taddia, Francesco, Zheng, WeiKang, Fraser, Morgan, Gal-Yam, Avishay, Inserra, Cosimo, Laher, Russ, Masci, Frank, Rebbapragada, Umaa, Smartt, Stephen, Smith, Ken W., Sullivan, Mark, Surace, Jason, and Woźniak, Przemek
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Type Ibn supernovae (SNe) are a small yet intriguing class of explosions whose spectra are characterized by low-velocity helium emission lines with little to no evidence for hydrogen. The prevailing theory has been that these are the core-collapse explosions of very massive stars embedded in helium-rich circumstellar material (CSM). We report optical observations of six new SNe Ibn: PTF11rfh, PTF12ldy, iPTF14aki, iPTF15ul, SN 2015G, and iPTF15akq. This brings the sample size of such objects in the literature to 22. We also report new data, including a near-infrared spectrum, on the Type Ibn SN 2015U. In order to characterize the class as a whole, we analyze the photometric and spectroscopic properties of the full Type Ibn sample. We find that, despite the expectation that CSM interaction would generate a heterogeneous set of light curves, as seen in SNe IIn, most Type Ibn light curves are quite similar in shape, declining at rates around 0.1 mag/day during the first month after maximum light, with a few significant exceptions. Early spectra of SNe Ibn come in at least two varieties, one that shows narrow P Cygni lines and another dominated by broader emission lines, both around maximum light, which may be an indication of differences in the state of the progenitor system at the time of explosion. Alternatively, the spectral diversity could arise from viewing-angle effects or merely from a lack of early spectroscopic coverage. Together, the relative light curve homogeneity and narrow spectral features suggest that the CSM consists of a spatially confined shell of helium surrounded by a less dense extended wind., Comment: updated to match published version in ApJ
Published: 2016
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40. PTF 13efv - An outburst 500 days prior to the SNHunt 275 explosion and its radiative efficiency

Author: Ofek, E. O., Cenko, S. B., Shaviv, N. J., Duggan, G., Strotjohann, N. -L., Rubin, A., Kulkarni, S. R., Gal-Yam, A., Sullivan, M., Cao, Y., Nugent, P. E., Kasliwal, M. M., Sollerman, J., Fransson, C., Filippenko, A. V., Perley, D. A., Yaron, O., and Laher, R.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The progenitors of some supernovae (SNe) exhibit outbursts with super-Eddington luminosities prior to their final explosions. This behavior is common among Type IIn SNe, but the driving mechanisms of these precursors are not yet well understood. SNHunt 275 was announced as a possible new SN during May 2015. Here we report on pre-explosion observations of the location of this event by the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) and report the detection of a precursor about 500 days prior to the 2015 May activity (PTF 13efv). The observed velocities in the 2015 transient and its 2013 precursor absorption spectra are low (1000-2000 km/s), so it is not clear yet if the recent activity indeed marks the final disruption of the progenitor. Regardless of the nature of this event, we use the PTF photometric and spectral observations, as well as Swift-UVOT observations, to constrain the efficiency of the radiated energy relative to the total kinetic energy of the precursor. We find that, using an order-of-magnitude estimate and under the assumption of spherical symmetry, the ratio of the radiated energy to the kinetic energy is in the range of 0.04 to 3400., Comment: ApJ in press, 10 pages
Published: 2016
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41. Supplement: Localization and broadband follow-up of the gravitational-wave transient GW150914

Author: Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abernathy, M. R., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adams, T., Addesso, P., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Allen, B., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Arceneaux, C. C., Areeda, J. S., Arnaud, N., Arun, K. G., Ascenzi, S., Ashton, G., Ast, M., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aufmuth, P., Aulbert, C., Babak, S., Bacon, P., Bader, M. K. M., Baker, P. T., Baldaccini, F., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Barayoga, J. C., Barclay, S. E., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Barthelmy, S., Bartlett, J., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Batch, J. C., Baune, C., Bavigadda, V., Bazzan, M., Behnke, B., Bejger, M., Bell, A. S., Bell, C. J., Berger, B. K., Bergman, J., Bergmann, G., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Bhagwat, S., Bhandare, R., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Birch, J., Birney, R., Biscans, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Biwer, C., Bizouard, M. A., Blackburn, J. K., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bloemen, S., Bock, O., Bodiya, T. P., Boer, M., Bogaert, G., Bogan, C., Bohe, A., Bojtos, P., Bond, C., Bondu, F., Bonnand, R., Boom, B. A., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braginsky, V. B., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brisson, V., Brockill, P., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. A., Brown, D. D., Brown, N. M., Buchanan, C. C., Buikema, A., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. C., Callister, T., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Cannon, K. C., Cao, J., Capano, C. D., Capocasa, E., Carbognani, F., Caride, S., Diaz, J. C., Casentini, C., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cepeda, C. B., Baiardi, L. C., Cerretani, G., Cesarini, E., Chakraborty, R., Chalermsongsak, T., Chamberlin, S. J., Chan, M., Chao, S., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chen, H. Y., Chen, Y., Cheng, C., Chincarini, A., Chiummo, A., Cho, H. S., Cho, M., Chow, J. H., Christensen, N., Chu, Q., Chua, S., Chung, S., Ciani, G., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Colla, A., Collette, C. G., Cominsky, L., Constancio Jr., M., Conte, A., Conti, L., Cook, D., Corbitt, T. R., Cornish, N., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Coughlin, M. W., Coughlin, S. B., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Couvares, P., Cowan, E. E., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creighton, J. D. E., Cripe, J., Crowder, S. G., Cumming, A., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Canton, T. Dal, Danilishin, S. L., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darman, N. S., Dattilo, V., Dave, I., Daveloza, H. P., Davier, M., Davies, G. S., Daw, E. J., Day, R., DeBra, D., Debreczeni, G., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., Del Pozzo, W., Denker, T., Dent, T., Dereli, H., Dergachev, V., DeRosa, R. T., De Rosa, R., DeSalvo, R., Dhurandhar, S., Díaz, M. C., Di Fiore, L., Di Giovanni, M., Di Lieto, A., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Virgilio, A., Dojcinoski, G., Dolique, V., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Doravari, S., Douglas, R., Downes, T. P., Drago, M., Drever, R. W. P., Driggers, J. C., Du, Z., Ducrot, M., Dwyer, S. E., Edo, T. B., Edwards, M. C., Effler, A., Eggenstein, H. -B., Ehrens, P., Eichholz, J., Eikenberry, S. S., Engels, W., Essick, R. C., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evans, T. M., Everett, R., Factourovich, M., Fafone, V., Fair, H., Fairhurst, S., Fan, X., Fang, Q., Farinon, S., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fehrmann, H., Fejer, M. M., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, E. C., Ferrini, F., Fidecaro, F., Fiori, I., Fiorucci, D., Fisher, R. P., Flaminio, R., Fletcher, M., Fournier, J. -D., Franco, S., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Frei, Z., Freise, A., Frey, R., Frey, V., Fricke, T. T., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gabbard, H. A. G., Gair, J. R., Gammaitoni, L., Gaonkar, S. G., Garufi, F., Gatto, A., Gaur, G., Gehrels, N., Gemme, G., Gendre, B., Genin, E., Gennai, A., George, J., Gergely, L., Germain, V., Ghosh, A., Ghosh, S., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Giazotto, A., Gill, K., Glaefke, A., Goetz, E., Goetz, R., Gondan, L., González, G., Castro, J. M. G., Gopakumar, A., Gordon, N. A., Gorodetsky, M. L., Gossan, S. E., Gosselin, M., Gouaty, R., Graef, C., Graff, P. B., Granata, M., Grant, A., Gras, S., Gray, C., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Groot, P., Grote, H., Grunewald, S., Guidi, G. M., Guo, X., Gupta, A., Gupta, M. K., Gushwa, K. E., Gustafson, E. K., Gustafson, R., Hacker, J. J., Hall, B. R., Hall, E. 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L., Lord, J. E., Lorenzini, M., Loriette, V., Lormand, M., Losurdo, G., Lough, J. D., Lück, H., Lundgren, A. P., Luo, J., Lynch, R., Ma, Y., MacDonald, T., Machenschalk, B., MacInnis, M., Macleod, D. M., Magaña-Sandoval, F., Magee, R. M., Mageswaran, M., Majorana, E., Maksimovic, I., Malvezzi, V., Man, N., Mandel, I., Mandic, V., Mangano, V., Mansell, G. L., Manske, M., Mantovani, M., Marchesoni, F., Marion, F., Márka, S., Márka, Z., Markosyan, A. S., Maros, E., Martelli, F., Martellini, L., Martin, I. W., Martin, R. M., Martynov, D. V., Marx, J. N., Mason, K., Masserot, A., Massinger, T. J., Masso-Reid, M., Matichard, F., Matone, L., Mavalvala, N., Mazumder, N., Mazzolo, G., McCarthy, R., McClelland, D. E., McCormick, S., McGuire, S. C., McIntyre, G., McIver, J., McManus, D. J., McWilliams, S. T., Meacher, D., Meadors, G. D., Meidam, J., Melatos, A., Mendell, G., Mendoza-Gandara, D., Mercer, R. A., Merilh, E., Merzougui, M., Meshkov, S., Messenger, C., Messick, C., Meyers, P. 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S., Shaltev, M., Shao, Z., Shapiro, B., Shawhan, P., Sheperd, A., Shoemaker, D. H., Shoemaker, D. M., Siellez, K., Siemens, X., Sigg, D., Silva, A. D., Simakov, D., Singer, A., Singh, A., Singh, R., Singhal, A., Sintes, A. M., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Smith, J. R., Smith, N. D., Smith, R. J. E., Son, E. J., Sorazu, B., Sorrentino, F., Souradeep, T., Srivastava, A. K., Staley, A., Steinke, M., Steinlechner, J., Steinlechner, S., Steinmeyer, D., Stephens, B. C., Stone, R., Strain, K. A., Straniero, N., Stratta, G., Strauss, N. A., Strigin, S., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Summerscales, T. Z., Sun, L., Sutton, P. J., Swinkels, B. L., Szczepańczyk, M. J., Tacca, M., Talukder, D., Tanner, D. B., Tápai, M., Tarabrin, S. P., Taracchini, A., Taylor, R., Theeg, T., Thirugnanasambandam, M. P., Thomas, E. G., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thorne, K. A., Thorne, K. S., Thrane, E., Tiwari, S., Tiwari, V., Tokmakov, K. V., Tomlinson, C., Tonelli, M., Torres, C. V., Torrie, C. I., Töyrä, D., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Trifirò, D., Tringali, M. C., Trozzo, L., Tse, M., Turconi, M., Tuyenbayev, D., Ugolini, D., Unnikrishnan, C. S., Urban, A. L., Usman, S. A., Vahlbruch, H., Vajente, G., Valdes, G., van Bakel, N., van Beuzekom, M., Brand, J. F. J. van den, Broeck, C. Van Den, Vander-Hyde, D. C., van der Schaaf, L., van Heijningen, J. V., van Veggel, A. A., Vardaro, M., Vass, S., Vasúth, M., Vaulin, R., Vecchio, A., Vedovato, G., Veitch, J., Veitch, P. J., Venkateswara, K., Verkindt, D., Vetrano, F., Viceré, A., Vinciguerra, S., Vine, D. J., Vinet, J. -Y., Vitale, S., Vo, T., Vocca, H., Vorvick, C., Voss, D., Vousden, W. D., Vyatchanin, S. P., Wade, A. R., Wade, L. E., Wade, M., Walker, M., Wallace, L., Walsh, S., Wang, G., Wang, H., Wang, M., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Ward, R. L., Warner, J., Was, M., Weaver, B., Wei, L. -W., Weinert, M., Weinstein, A. J., Weiss, R., Welborn, T., Wen, L., Weßels, P., Westphal, T., Wette, K., Whelan, J. T., White, D. J., Whiting, B. F., Williams, R. D., Williamson, A. R., Willis, J. L., Willke, B., Wimmer, M. H., Winkler, W., Wipf, C. C., Wittel, H., Woan, G., Worden, J., Wright, J. L., Wu, G., Yablon, J., Yam, W., Yamamoto, H., Yancey, C. C., Yap, M. J., Yu, H., Yvert, M., Zadrożny, A., Zangrando, L., Zanolin, M., Zendri, J. -P., Zevin, M., Zhang, F., Zhang, L., Zhang, M., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C., Zhou, M., Zhou, Z., Zhu, X. J., Zucker, M. E., Zuraw, S. E., Zweizig, J., Allison, J., Bannister, K., Bell, M. E., Chatterjee, S., Chippendale, A. P., Edwards, P. G., Harvey-Smith, L., Heywood, Ian, Hotan, A., Indermuehle, B., Marvil, J., McConnell, D., Murphy, T., Popping, A., Reynolds, J., Sault, R. J., Voronkov, M. A., Whiting, M. T., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Cunniffe, R., Jelínek, M., Tello, J. C., Oates, S. R., Hu, Y. -D., Kubánek, P., Guziy, S., Castellón, A., García-Cerezo, A., Muñoz, V. F., del Pulgar, C. Pérez, Castillo-Carrión, S., Cerón, J. M. Castro, Hudec, R., Caballero-García, M. D., Páta, P., Vitek, S., Adame, J. A., Konig, S., Rendón, F., Sanguino, T. de J. Mateo, Fernández-Muñoz, R., Yock, P. C., Rattenbury, N., Allen, W. H., Querel, R., Jeong, S., Park, I. H., Bai, J., Cui, Ch., Fan, Y., Wang, Ch., Hiriart, D., Lee, W. H., Claret, A., Sánchez-Ramírez, R., Pandey, S. B., Mediavilla, T., Sabau-Graziati, L., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Annis, J., Armstrong, R., Benoit-Lévy, A., Berger, E., Bernstein, R. A., Bertin, E., Brout, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Capozzi, D., Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Chornock, R., Cowperthwaite, P. S., Crocce, M., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., da Costa, L. N., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Doctor, Z., Drlica-Wagner, A., Drout, M. R., Eifler, T. F., Estrada, J., Evrard, A. E., Fernandez, E., Finley, D. A., Flaugher, B., Foley, R. J., Fong, W. -F., Fosalba, P., Fox, D. B., Frieman, J., Fryer, C. L., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Goldstein, D. A., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Herner, K., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Johnson, M. D., Johnson, M. W. G., Karliner, I., Kasen, D., Kent, S., Kessler, R., Kim, A. G., Kind, M. C., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Li, T. S., Lima, M., Lin, H., Maia, M. A. G., Margutti, R., Marriner, J., Martini, P., Matheson, T., Melchior, P., Metzger, B. D., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Neilsen, E., Nichol, R. C., Nord, B., Nugent, P., Ogando, R., Petravick, D., Plazas, A. A., Quataert, E., Roe, N., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Rosell, A. C., Rykoff, E. S., Sako, M., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Schubnell, M., Scolnic, D., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sheldon, E., Smith, N., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Stebbins, A., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thaler, J., Thomas, D., Thomas, R. C., Tucker, D. L., Vikram, V., Walker, A. R., Wechsler, R. H., Wester, W., Yanny, B., Zuntz, J., Connaughton, V., Burns, E., Goldstein, A., Briggs, M. S., Zhang, B. -B., Hui, C. M., Jenke, P., Wilson-Hodge, C. A., Bhat, P. N., Bissaldi, E., Cleveland, W., Fitzpatrick, G., Giles, M. M., Gibby, M. H., Greiner, J., von Kienlin, A., Kippen, R. M., McBreen, S., Mailyan, B., Meegan, C. A., Paciesas, W. S., Preece, R. D., Roberts, O., Sparke, L., Stanbro, M., Toelge, K., Veres, P., Yu, H. -F., Blackburn, L., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Albert, A., Anderson, B., Atwood, W. B., Axelsson, M., Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T. J., Bruel, P., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caragiulo, M., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Cominsky, L. R., Costanza, F., Cuoco, A., D'Ammando, F., de Palma, F., Desiante, R., Digel, S. W., Di Lalla, N., Di Mauro, M., Di Venere, L., Domínguez, A., Drell, P. S., Dubois, R., Favuzzi, C., Ferrara, E. 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J., Lipunov, V., Gorbovskoy, E., Tyurina, N., Kornilov, V., Balanutsa, P., Kuznetsov, A., Buckley, D., Rebolo, R., Serra-Ricart, M., Israelian, G., Budnev, N. M., Gress, O., Ivanov, K., Poleshuk, V., Tlatov, A., Yurkov, V., Kawai, N., Serino, M., Negoro, H., Nakahira, S., Mihara, T., Tomida, H., Ueno, S., Tsunemi, H., Matsuoka, M., Croft, S., Feng, L., Franzen, T. M. O., Gaensler, B. M., Johnston-Hollitt, M., Kaplan, D. L., Morales, M. F., Tingay, S. J., Wayth, R. B., Williams, A., Smartt, S. J., Chambers, K. C., Smith, K. W., Huber, M. E., Young, D. R., Wright, D. E., Schultz, A., Denneau, L., Flewelling, H., Magnier, E. A., Primak, N., Rest, A., Sherstyuk, A., Stalder, B., Stubbs, C. W., Tonry, J., Waters, C., Willman, M., E., F. Olivares, Campbell, H., Kotak, R., Sollerman, J., Smith, M., Dennefeld, M., Anderson, J. P., Botticella, M. T., Chen, T. -W., Valle, M. D., Elias-Rosa, N., Fraser, M., Inserra, C., Kankare, E., Kupfer, T., Harmanen, J., Galbany, L., Guillou, L. Le, Lyman, J. D., Maguire, K., Mitra, A., Nicholl, M., Razza, A., Terreran, G., Valenti, S., Gal-Yam, A., Ćwiek, A., Ćwiok, M., Mankiewicz, L., Opiela, R., Zaremba, M., Żarnecki, A. F., Onken, C. A., Scalzo, R. A., Schmidt, B. P., Wolf, C., Yuan, F., Evans, P. A., Kennea, J. A., Burrows, D. N., Campana, S., Cenko, S. B., Marshall, F. E., Nousek, J., O'Brien, P., Osborne, J. P., Palmer, D., Perri, M., Siegel, M., Tagliaferri, G., Klotz, A., Turpin, D., Laugier, R., Beroiz, M., Peñuela, T., Macri, L. M., Oelkers, R. J., Lambas, D. G., Vrech, R., Cabral, J., Colazo, C., Dominguez, M., Sanchez, B., Gurovich, S., Lares, M., Marshall, J. L., DePoy, D. L., Padilla, N., Pereyra, N. A., Benacquista, M., Tanvir, N. R., Wiersema, K., Levan, A. J., Steeghs, D., Hjorth, J., Fynbo, J. P. U., Malesani, D., Milvang-Jensen, B., Watson, D., Irwin, M., Fernandez, C. G., McMahon, R. G., Banerji, M., Gonzalez-Solares, E., Schulze, S., Postigo, A. de U., Thoene, C. C., Cano, Z., and Rosswog, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: This Supplement provides supporting material for arXiv:1602.08492 . We briefly summarize past electromagnetic (EM) follow-up efforts as well as the organization and policy of the current EM follow-up program. We compare the four probability sky maps produced for the gravitational-wave transient GW150914, and provide additional details of the EM follow-up observations that were performed in the different bands., Comment: For the main Letter, see arXiv:1602.08492
Published: 2016
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42. The BigDAWG Architecture

Author: Gadepally, Vijay, Duggan, Jennie, Elmore, Aaron, Kepner, Jeremy, Madden, Samuel, Mattson, Tim, and Stonebraker, Michael
Subjects: Computer Science - Databases
Abstract: BigDAWG is a polystore system designed to work on complex problems that naturally span across different processing or storage engines. BigDAWG provides an architecture that supports diverse database systems working with different data models, support for the competing notions of location transparency and semantic completeness via islands of information and a middleware that provides a uniform multi-island interface. In this article, we describe the current architecture of BigDAWG, its application on the MIMIC II medical dataset, and our plans for the mechanics of cross-system queries. During the presentation, we will also deliver a brief demonstration of the current version of BigDAWG.
Published: 2016

43. iPTF Search for an Optical Counterpart to Gravitational Wave Trigger GW150914

Author: Kasliwal, M. M., Cenko, S. B., Singer, L. P., Corsi, A., Cao, Y., Barlow, T., Bhalerao, V., Bellm, E., Cook, D., Duggan, G. E., Ferretti, R., Frail, D. A., Horesh, A., Kendrick, R., Kulkarni, S. R., Lunnan, R., Palliyaguru, N., Laher, R., Masci, F., Manulis, I., Miller, A. A., Nugent, P. E., Perley, D., Prince, T. A., Quimby, R. A., Rana, J., Rebbapragada, U., Sesar, B., Singhal, A., Surace, J., and Van Sistine, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF) autonomously responded to and promptly tiled the error region of the first gravitational wave event GW150914 to search for an optical counterpart. Only a small fraction of the total localized region was immediately visible in the Northern night sky, due both to sun-angle and elevation constraints. Here, we report on the transient candidates identified and rapid follow-up undertaken to determine the nature of each candidate. Even in the small area imaged of 126 sq deg, after extensive filtering, 8 candidates were deemed worthy of additional follow-up. Within two hours, all 8 were spectroscopically classified by the Keck II telescope. Curiously, even though such events are rare, one of our candidates was a superluminous supernova. We obtained radio data with the Jansky Very Large Array and X-ray follow-up with the Swift satellite for this transient. None of our candidates appear to be associated with the gravitational wave trigger, which is unsurprising given that GW150914 came from the merger of two stellar-mass black holes. This end-to-end discovery and follow-up campaign bodes well for future searches in this post-detection era of gravitational waves., Comment: Revised
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

44. Localization and broadband follow-up of the gravitational-wave transient GW150914

Author: Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abernathy, M. R., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adams, T., Addesso, P., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Allen, B., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Arceneaux, C. C., Areeda, J. S., Arnaud, N., Arun, K. G., Ascenzi, S., Ashton, G., Ast, M., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aufmuth, P., Aulbert, C., Babak, S., Bacon, P., Bader, M. K. M., Baker, P. T., Baldaccini, F., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Barayoga, J. C., Barclay, S. E., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Barthelmy, S., Bartlett, J., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Batch, J. C., Baune, C., Bavigadda, V., Bazzan, M., Behnke, B., Bejger, M., Bell, A. S., Bell, C. J., Berger, B. K., Bergman, J., Bergmann, G., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Bhagwat, S., Bhandare, R., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Birch, J., Birney, R., Biscans, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Biwer, C., Bizouard, M. A., Blackburn, J. K., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bloemen, S., Bock, O., Bodiya, T. P., Boer, M., Bogaert, G., Bogan, C., Bohe, A., Bojtos, P., Bond, C., Bondu, F., Bonnand, R., Boom, B. A., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braginsky, V. B., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brisson, V., Brockill, P., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. A., Brown, D. D., Brown, N. M., Buchanan, C. C., Buikema, A., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. C., Callister, T., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Cannon, K. C., Cao, J., Capano, C. D., Capocasa, E., Carbognani, F., Caride, S., Diaz, J. C., Casentini, C., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cepeda, C. B., Baiardi, L. C., Cerretani, G., Cesarini, E., Chakraborty, R., Chalermsongsak, T., Chamberlin, S. J., Chan, M., Chao, S., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chen, H. Y., Chen, Y., Cheng, C., Chincarini, A., Chiummo, A., Cho, H. S., Cho, M., Chow, J. H., Christensen, N., Chu, Q., Chua, S., Chung, S., Ciani, G., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Colla, A., Collette, C. G., Cominsky, L., Constancio Jr., M., Conte, A., Conti, L., Cook, D., Corbitt, T. R., Cornish, N., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Coughlin, M. W., Coughlin, S. B., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Couvares, P., Cowan, E. E., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creighton, J. D. E., Cripe, J., Crowder, S. G., Cumming, A., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Canton, T. Dal, Danilishin, S. L., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darman, N. 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Le, Lyman, J. D., Maguire, K., Mitra, A., Nicholl, M., Razza, A., Terreran, G., Valenti, S., Gal-Yam, A., Ćwiek, A., Ćwiok, M., Mankiewicz, L., Opiela, R., Zaremba, M., Żarnecki, A. F., Onken, C. A., Scalzo, R. A., Schmidt, B. P., Wolf, C., Yuan, F., Evans, P. A., Kennea, J. A., Burrows, D. N., Campana, S., Cenko, S. B., Marshall, F. E., Nousek, J., O'Brien, P., Osborne, J. P., Palmer, D., Perri, M., Siegel, M., Tagliaferri, G., Klotz, A., Turpin, D., Laugier, R., Beroiz, M., Peñuela, T., Macri, L. M., Oelkers, R. J., Lambas, D. G., Vrech, R., Cabral, J., Colazo, C., Dominguez, M., Sanchez, B., Gurovich, S., Lares, M., Marshall, J. L., DePoy, D. L., Padilla, N., Pereyra, N. A., Benacquista, M., Tanvir, N. R., Wiersema, K., Levan, A. J., Steeghs, D., Hjorth, J., Fynbo, J. P. U., Malesani, D., Milvang-Jensen, B., Watson, D., Irwin, M., Fernandez, C. G., McMahon, R. G., Banerji, M., Gonzalez-Solares, E., Schulze, S., Postigo, A. de U., Thoene, C. C., Cano, Z., and Rosswog, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: A gravitational-wave (GW) transient was identified in data recorded by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors on 2015 September 14. The event, initially designated G184098 and later given the name GW150914, is described in detail elsewhere. By prior arrangement, preliminary estimates of the time, significance, and sky location of the event were shared with 63 teams of observers covering radio, optical, near-infrared, X-ray, and gamma-ray wavelengths with ground- and space-based facilities. In this Letter we describe the low-latency analysis of the GW data and present the sky localization of the first observed compact binary merger. We summarize the follow-up observations reported by 25 teams via private Gamma-ray Coordinates Network circulars, giving an overview of the participating facilities, the GW sky localization coverage, the timeline and depth of the observations. As this event turned out to be a binary black hole merger, there is little expectation of a detectable electromagnetic (EM) signature. Nevertheless, this first broadband campaign to search for a counterpart of an Advanced LIGO source represents a milestone and highlights the broad capabilities of the transient astronomy community and the observing strategies that have been developed to pursue neutron star binary merger events. Detailed investigations of the EM data and results of the EM follow-up campaign are being disseminated in papers by the individual teams., Comment: For Supplement, see https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.07864
Published: 2016
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45. Long-rising Type II supernovae from PTF and CCCP

Author: Taddia, F., Sollerman, J., Fremling, C., Migotto, K., Gal-Yam, A., Armen, S., Duggan, G., Ergon, M., Filippenko, A. V., Fransson, C., Hosseinzadeh, G., Kasliwal, M. M., Laher, R. R., Leloudas, G., Leonard, D. C., Lunnan, R., Masci, F. J., Moon, D. -S., Silverman, J. M., and Wozniak, P. R.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Supernova (SN) 1987A was a peculiar H-rich event with a long-rising (LR) light curve (LC), stemming from a compact blue supergiant star (BSG). Only a few similar events have been presented in the literature. We present new data for a sample of 6 LR Type II SNe (SNe II), 3 of which were discovered and observed by the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) and 3 observed by the Caltech Core-Collapse Project (CCCP). Our aim is to enlarge the family of LR SNe II, characterizing their properties. Spectra, LCs, and host-galaxies (HG) of these SNe are presented. Comparisons with known SN 1987A-like events are shown, with emphasis on the absolute magnitudes, colors, expansion velocities, and HG metallicities. Bolometric properties are derived from the multiband LC. By modeling the early-time LCs with scaling relations derived from the SuperNova Explosion Code (SNEC) models of MESA progenitor stars, we estimate the progenitor radii of these SNe and other progenitor parameters. We present PTF12kso, a LR SN II with the largest amount of 56Ni mass for this class. PTF09gpn and PTF12kso are found at the lowest HG metallicities for this SN group. The variety of early LC luminosities depends on the wide range of progenitor radii, from a few tens of solar radii (SN 2005ci) up to thousands (SN 2004ek) with intermediate cases between 100 (PTF09gpn) and 300 solar radii (SN 2004em). We confirm that LR SNe II with LC shapes closely resembling that of SN 1987A generally arise from BSGs. However, some of them likely have progenitors with larger radii (~300 solar radii, typical of yellow supergiants) and can thus be regarded as intermediate cases between normal SNe IIP and SN 1987A-like SNe. Some extended red supergiant (RSG) stars such as the progenitor of SN 2004ek can also produce LR SNe II if they synthesized a large amount of 56Ni. Low HG metallicity is confirmed as a characteristic of BSG SNe., Comment: Accepted for publication, 26 pages, 16 figures. Abstract shortened by ~25% to match the ArXiv character limit
Published: 2016
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46. A Quantitative Analysis of Students' Perception of Generic Skills within an Undergraduate Electronics/mechanical Engineering Curriculum

Author: Duggan, Louise
Abstract: Generic skills are considered as key essential skills which are required by all individuals in the engineering profession and are considered vital for success. Integrating generic skills into engineering education is a key concern for universities and colleges involved in delivering such courses. The accreditation criteria for engineering programmes in Ireland is quite strict on the importance of generic skills and require that important generic skills such as team work, communication skills, problem solving and critical thinking skills are adequately addressed in engineering programmes that are accredited by Engineers Ireland (EI). Employers are also continually seeking out employees who are proficient in the area of transferable skills. This paper presents quantitative findings from students regarding their perceptions of generic skills at a third level institution in Ireland.
Published: 2014

47. An on-chip optical lattice for cold atom experiments

Author: Straatsma, Cameron J. E., Ivory, Megan K., Duggan, Janet, Ramirez-Serrano, Jaime, Anderson, Dana Z., and Salim, Evan A.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Physics - Atomic Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract: An atom-chip-based integrated optical lattice system for cold and ultracold atom applications is presented. The retro-reflection optics necessary for forming the lattice are bonded directly to the atom chip, enabling a compact and robust on-chip optical lattice system. After achieving Bose-Einstein condensation in a magnetic chip trap, we load atoms directly into a vertically oriented 1D optical lattice and demonstrate Landau-Zener tunneling. The atom chip technology presented here can be readily extended to higher dimensional optical lattices., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Optics Letters
Published: 2015
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48. Trapping in irradiated p-on-n silicon sensors at fluences anticipated at the HL-LHC outer tracker

Author: Adam, W., Bergauer, T., Dragicevic, M., Friedl, M., Fruehwirth, R., Hoch, M., Hrubec, J., Krammer, M., Treberspurg, W., Waltenberger, W., Alderweireldt, S., Beaumont, W., Janssen, X., Luyckx, S., Van Mechelen, P., Van Remortel, N., Van Spilbeeck, A., Barria, P., Caillol, C., Clerbaux, B., De Lentdecker, G., Dobur, D., Favart, L., Grebenyuk, A., Lenzi, Th., Léonard, A., Maerschalk, Th., Mohammadi, A., Perniè, L., Randle-Conde, A., Reis, T., Seva, T., Thomas, L., Velde, C. Vander, Vanlaer, P., Wang, J., Zenoni, F., Zeid, S. Abu, Blekman, F., De Bruyn, I., D'Hondt, J., Daci, N., Deroover, K., Heracleous, N., Keaveney, J., Lowette, S., Moreels, L., Olbrechts, A., Python, Q., Tavernier, S., Van Mulders, P., Van Onsem, G., Van Parijs, I., Strom, D. A., Caudron, A., Ceard, L., De Callatay, B., Delaere, C., Pree, T. Du, Forthomme, L., Giammanco, A., Hollar, J., Jez, P., Michotte, D., Nuttens, C., Perrini, L., Pagano, D., Quertenmont, L., Selvaggi, M., Marono, M. Vidal, Beliy, N., Caebergs, T., Daubie, E., Hammad, G. H., Härkönen, J., Lampén, T., Luukka, P. -R., Mäenpää, T., Peltola, T., Tuominen, E., Tuovinen, E., Eerola, P., Tuuva, T., Beaulieu, G., Boudoul, G., Combaret, C., Contardo, D., Gallbit, G., Lumb, N., Mathez, H., Mirabito, L., Perries, S., Sabes, D., Donckt, M. Vander, Verdier, P., Viret, S., Zoccarato, Y., Agram, J. -L., Conte, E., Fontaine, J. -Ch., Andrea, J., Bloch, D., Bonnin, C., Brom, J. -M., Chabert, E., Charles, L., Goetzmann, Ch., Gross, L., Hosselet, J., Mathieu, C., Richer, M., Skovpen, K., Autermann, C., Edelhoff, M., Esser, H., Feld, L., Karpinski, W., Klein, K., Lipinski, M., Ostapchuk, A., Pierschel, G., Preuten, M., Raupach, F., Sammet, J., Schael, S., Schwering, G., Wittmer, B., Wlochal, M., Zhukov, V., Pistone, C., Fluegge, G., Kuensken, A., Geisler, M., Pooth, O., Stahl, A., Bartosik, N., Behr, J., Burgmeier, A., Calligaris, L., Dolinska, G., Eckerlin, G., Eckstein, D., Eichhorn, T., Fluke, G., Garcia, J. Garay, Gizhko, A., Hansen, K., Harb, A., Hauk, J., Kalogeropoulos, A., Kleinwort, C., Korol, I., Lange, W., Lohmann, W., Mankel, R., Maser, H., Mittag, G., Muhl, C., Mussgiller, A., Nayak, A., Ntomari, E., Perrey, H., Pitzl, D., Schroeder, M., Seitz, C., Spannagel, S., Zuber, A., Biskop, H., Blobel, V., Buhmann, P., Centis-Vignali, M., Draeger, A. -R., Erfle, J., Garutti, E., Haller, J., Hoffmann, M., Junkes, A., Lapsien, T., Mättig, S., Matysek, M., Perieanu, A., Poehlsen, J., Poehlsen, T., Scharf, Ch., Schleper, P., Schmidt, A., Sola, V., Steinbrück, G., Wellhausen, J., Barvich, T., Barth, Ch., Boegelspacher, F., De Boer, W., Butz, E., Casele, M., Colombo, F., Dierlamm, A., Eber, R., Freund, B., Hartmann, F., Hauth, Th., Heindl, S., Hoffmann, K. -H., Husemann, U., Kornmeyer, A., Mallows, S., Muller, Th., Nuernberg, A., Printz, M., Simonis, H. J., Steck, P., Weber, M., Weiler, Th., Bhardwaj, A., Kumar, A., Ranjan, K., Bakhshiansohl, H., Behnamian, H., Khakzad, M., Naseri, M., Cariola, P., De Robertis, G., Fiore, L., Franco, M., Loddo, F., Sala, G., Silvestris, L., Creanza, D., De Palma, M., Maggi, G., My, S., Selvaggi, G., Albergo, S., Cappello, G., Chiorboli, M., Costa, S., Giordano, F., Di Mattia, A., Potenza, R., Saizu, M. A., Tricomi, A., Tuvè, C., Barbagli, G., Brianzi, M., Ciaranfi, R., Civinini, C., Gallo, E., Meschini, M., Paoletti, S., Sguazzoni, G., Ciulli, V., D'Alessandro, R., Gonzi, S., Gori, V., Focardi, E., Lenzi, P., Scarlini, E., Tropiano, A., Viliani, L., Ferro, F., Robutti, E., Vetere, M. Lo, Gennai, S., Malvezzi, S., Menasce, D., Moroni, L., Pedrini, D., Dinardo, M., Fiorendi, S., Manzoni, R. A., Azzi, P., Bacchetta, N., Bisello, D., Dall'Osso, M., Dorigo, T., Giubilato, P., Pozzobon, N., Tosi, M., Zucchetta, A., De Canio, F., Gaioni, L., Manghisoni, M., Nodari, B., Re, V., Traversi, G., Comotti, D., Ratti, L., Bilei, G. M., Bissi, L., Checcucci, B., Magalotti, D., Menichelli, M., Saha, A., Servoli, L., Storchi, L., Biasini, M., Conti, E., Ciangottini, D., Fanò, L., Lariccia, P., Mantovani, G., Passeri, D., Placidi, P., Salvatore, M., Santocchia, A., Solestizi, L. A., Spiezia, A., Androsov, K., Azzurri, P., Arezzini, S., Bagliesi, G., Basti, A., Boccali, T., Bosi, F., Castaldi, R., Ciampa, A., Cioccid, M. A., Dell'Orso, R., Fedi, G., Giassi, A., Grippod, M. T., Lomtadze, T., Magazzu, G., Mazzoni, E., Minuti, M., Moggi, A., Moond, C. S., Morsani, F., Palla, F., Palmonari, F., Raffaelli, F., Savoy-Navarro, A., Serban, A. T., Spagnolo, P., Tenchini, R., Venturi, A., Verdini, P. G., Martini, L., Messineo, A., Rizzi, A., Tonelli, G., Calzolari, F., Donato, S., Fiori, F., Ligabue, F., Vernieri, C., Demaria, N., Rivetti, A., Bellan, R., Casasso, S., Costa, M., Covarelli, R., Migliore, E., Monteil, E., Musich, M., Pacher, L., Ravera, F., Romero, A., Solano, A., Trapani, P., Echeverria, R. Jaramillo, Fernandez, M., Gomez, G., Moya, D., Sanchez, F. J. Gonzalez, Sanchez, F. J. Munoz, Vila, I., Virto, A. L., Abbaneo, D., Ahmed, I., Albert, E., Auzinger, G., Berruti, G., Bianchi, G., Blanchot, G., Breuker, H., Ceresa, D., Christiansen, J., Cichy, K., Daguin, J., D'Alfonso, M., D'Auria, A., Detraz, S., De Visscher, S., Deyrail, D., Faccio, F., Felici, D., Frank, N., Gill, K., Giordano, D., Harris, P., Honma, A., Kaplon, J., Kornmayer, A., Kottelat, L., Kovacs, M., Mannelli, M., Marchioro, A., Marconi, S., Martina, S., Mersi, S., Michelis, S., Moll, M., Onnela, A., Pakulski, T., Pavis, S., Peisert, A., Pernot, J. -F., Petagna, P., Petrucciani, G., Postema, H., Rose, P., Rzonca, M., Stoye, M., Tropea, P., Troska, J., Tsirou, A., Vasey, F., Vichoudis, P., Verlaat, B., Zwalinski, L., Bachmair, F., Becker, R., Bäni, L., di Calafiori, D., Casal, B., Djambazov, L., Donega, M., Dünser, M., Eller, P., Grab, C., Hits, D., Horisberger, U., Hoss, J., Kasieczka, G., Lustermann, W., Mangano, B., Marionneau, M., del Arbol, P. Martinez Ruiz, Masciovecchio, M., Perrozzi, L., Roeser, U., Rossini, M., Starodumov, A., Takahashi, M., Wallny, R., Amsler, C., Bösiger, K., Caminada, L., Canelli, F., Chiochia, V., de Cosa, A., Galloni, C., Hreus, T., Kilminster, B., Lange, C., Maier, R., Ngadiuba, J., Pinna, D., Robmann, P., Taroni, S., Yang, Y., Bertl, W., Deiters, K., Erdmann, W., Horisberger, R., Kaestli, H. -C., Kotlinski, D., Langenegger, U., Meier, B., Rohe, T., Streuli, S., Chen, P. -H., Dietz, C., Grundler, U., Hou, W. -S., Lu, R. -S., Moya, M., Wilken, R., Cussans, D., Flacher, H., Goldstein, J., Grimes, M., Jacob, J., Nasr-Storey, S. Seif El, Cole, J., Hobson, P., Leggat, D., Reid, I. D., Teodorescu, L., Bainbridge, R., Dauncey, P., Fulcher, J., Hall, G., Magnan, A. -M., Pesaresi, M., Raymond, D. M., Uchida, K., Coughlan, J. A., Harder, K., Ilic, J., Tomalin, I. R., Garabedian, A., Heintz, U., Narain, M., Nelson, J., Sagir, S., Speer, T., Swanson, J., Tersegno, D., Watson-Daniels, J., Chertok, M., Conway, J., Conway, R., Flores, C., Lander, R., Pellett, D., Ricci-Tam, F., Squires, M., Thomson, J., Yohay, R., Burt, K., Ellison, J., Hanson, G., Malberti, M., Olmedo, M., Cerati, G., Sharma, V., Vartak, A., Yagil, A., Della Porta, G. Zevi, Dutta, V., Gouskos, L., Incandela, J., Kyre, S., McColl, N., Mullin, S., White, D., Cumalat, J. P., Ford, W. T., Gaz, A., Krohn, M., Stenson, K., Wagner, S. R., Baldin, B., Bolla, G., Burkett, K., Butler, J., Cheung, H., Chramowicz, J., Christian, D., Cooper, W. E., Deptuch, G., Derylo, G., Gingu, C., Gruenendahl, S., Hasegawa, S., Hoff, J., Howell, J., Hrycyk, M., Jindariani, S., Johnson, M., Jung, A., Joshi, U., Kahlid, F., Lei, C. M., Lipton, R., Liu, T., Los, S., Matulik, M., Merkel, P., Nahn, S., Prosser, A., Rivera, R., Shenai, A., Spiegel, L., Tran, N., Uplegger, L., Voirin, E., Yin, H., Adams, M. R., Berry, D. R., Evdokimov, A., Evdokimov, O., Gerber, C. E., Hofman, D. J., Kapustka, B. K., O'Brien, C., Gonzalez, D. I. Sandoval, Trauger, H., Turner, P., Parashar, N., Stupak, J., Bortoletto, D., Bubna, M., Hinton, N., Jones, M., Miller, D. H., Shi, X., Tan, P., Baringer, P., Bean, A., Benelli, G., Gray, J., Majumder, D., Noonan, D., Sanders, S., Stringer, R., Ivanov, A., Makouski, M., Skhirtladze, N., Taylor, R., Anderson, I., Fehling, D., Gritsan, A., Maksimovic, P., Martin, C., Nash, K., Osherson, M., Swartz, M., Xiao, M., Acosta, J. G., Cremaldi, L. M., Oliveros, S., Perera, L., Summers, D., Bloom, K., Bose, S., Claes, D. R., Dominguez, A., Fangmeier, C., Suarez, R. Gonzalez, Meier, F., Monroy, J., Hahn, K., Sevova, S., Sung, K., Trovato, M., Bartz, E., Duggan, D., Halkiadakis, E., Lath, A., Park, M., Schnetzer, S., Stone, R., Walker, M., Malik, S., Mendez, H., Vargas, J. E. Ramirez, Alyari, M., Dolen, J., George, J., Godshalk, A., Iashvili, I., Kaisen, J., Kharchilava, A., Rappoccio, S., Alexander, J., Chaves, J., Chu, J., Dittmer, S., Kaufman, G., Mirman, N., Ryd, A., Salvati, E., Skinnari, L., Thom, J., Thompson, J., Tucker, J., Winstrom, L., Akgün, B., Ecklund, K. M., Nussbaum, T., Zabel, J., Betchart, B., Demina, R., Hindrichs, O., Petrillo, G., Eusebi, R., Osipenkov, I., Perloff, A., Ulmer, K. A., Delannoy, A. G., D'Angelo, P., and Johns, W.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The degradation of signal in silicon sensors is studied under conditions expected at the CERN High-Luminosity LHC. 200 $\mu$m thick n-type silicon sensors are irradiated with protons of different energies to fluences of up to $3 \cdot 10^{15}$ neq/cm$^2$. Pulsed red laser light with a wavelength of 672 nm is used to generate electron-hole pairs in the sensors. The induced signals are used to determine the charge collection efficiencies separately for electrons and holes drifting through the sensor. The effective trapping rates are extracted by comparing the results to simulation. The electric field is simulated using Synopsys device simulation assuming two effective defects. The generation and drift of charge carriers are simulated in an independent simulation based on PixelAV. The effective trapping rates are determined from the measured charge collection efficiencies and the simulated and measured time-resolved current pulses are compared. The effective trapping rates determined for both electrons and holes are about 50% smaller than those obtained using standard extrapolations of studies at low fluences and suggests an improved tracker performance over initial expectations.
Published: 2015
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49. An integrated model for the post-solidification shape and grain morphology of fusion welds

Author: Kidess, Anton, Tong, Mingming, Duggan, Gregory, Browne, David J., Kenjereš, Saša, Richardson, Ian, and Kleijn, Chris R.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract: Through an integrated macroscale/mesoscale computational model, we investigate the developing shape and grain morphology during the melting and solidification of a weld. In addition to macroscale surface tension driven fluid flow and heat transfer, we predict the solidification progression using a mesoscale model accounting for realistic solidification kinetics, rather than quasi-equilibrium thermodynamics. The tight coupling between the macroscale and the mesoscale distinguishes our results from previously published studies. The inclusion of Marangoni driven fluid flow and heat transfer, both during heating and cooling, was found to be crucial for accurately predicting both weld pool shape and grain morphology. However, if only the shape of the weld pool is of interest, a thermodynamic quasi-equilibrium solidification model, neglecting solidification kinetics, was found to suffice when including fluid flow and heat transfer. We demonstrate that the addition of a sufficient concentration of approximately 1 $\mu$m diameter TiN grain refining particles effectively triggers a favorable transition from columnar dendritic to equiaxed grains, as it allows for the latter to heterogeneously nucleate in the undercooled melt ahead of the columnar dendritic front. This transition from columnar to equiaxed growth is achievable for widely differing weld conditions, and its precise nature is relatively insensitive to the concentration of particles and to inaccurately known model parameters.
Published: 2015
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50. Observation of the rare $B^0_s\to\mu^+\mu^-$ decay from the combined analysis of CMS and LHCb data

Author: CMS, The, Collaborations, LHCb, Khachatryan, V., Sirunyan, A. M., Tumasyan, A., Adam, W., Bergauer, T., Dragicevic, M., Erö, J., Friedl, M., Frühwirth, R., Ghete, V. M., Hartl, C., Hörmann, N., Hrubec, J., Jeitler, M., Kiesenhofer, W., Knünz, V., Krammer, M., Krätschmer, I., Liko, D., Mikulec, I., Rabady, D., Rahbaran, B., Rohringer, H., Schöfbeck, R., Strauss, J., Treberer-Treberspurg, W., Waltenberger, W., Wulz, C. -E., Mossolov, V., Shumeiko, N., Gonzalez, J. Suarez, Alderweireldt, S., Bansal, S., Cornelis, T., De Wolf, E. A., Janssen, X., Knutsson, A., Lauwers, J., Luyckx, S., Ochesanu, S., Rougny, R., Van De Klundert, M., Van Haevermaet, H., Van Mechelen, P., Van Remortel, N., Van Spilbeeck, A., Blekman, F., Blyweert, S., D'Hondt, J., Daci, N., Heracleous, N., Keaveney, J., Lowette, S., Maes, M., Olbrechts, A., Python, Q., Strom, D., Tavernier, S., Van Doninck, W., Van Mulders, P., Van Onsem, G. P., Villella, I., Caillol, C., Clerbaux, B., De Lentdecker, G., Dobur, D., Favart, L., Gay, A. P. R., Grebenyuk, A., Léonard, A., Mohammadi, A., Perniè, L., Randle-conde, A., Reis, T., Seva, T., Thomas, L., Velde, C. Vander, Vanlaer, P., Wang, J., Zenoni, F., Adler, V., Beernaert, K., Benucci, L., Cimmino, A., Costantini, S., Crucy, S., Dildick, S., Fagot, A., Garcia, G., Mccartin, J., Rios, A. A. Ocampo, Ryckbosch, D., Diblen, S. Salva, Sigamani, M., Strobbe, N., Thyssen, F., Tytgat, M., Yazgan, E., Zaganidis, N., Basegmez, S., Beluffi, C., Bruno, G., Castello, R., Caudron, A., Ceard, L., Da Silveira, G. G., Delaere, C., Pree, T. du, Favart, D., Forthomme, L., Giammanco, A., Hollar, J., Jafari, A., Jez, P., Komm, M., Lemaitre, V., Nuttens, C., Pagano, D., Perrini, L., Pin, A., Piotrzkowski, K., Popov, A., Quertenmont, L., Selvaggi, M., Marono, M. Vidal, Garcia, J. M. Vizan, Beliy, N., Caebergs, T., Daubie, E., Hammad, G. H., Júnior, W. L. Aldá, Alves, G. A., Brito, L., Junior, M. Correa Martins, Martins, T. Dos Reis, Herrera, C. Mora, Pol, M. E., Teles, P. Rebello, Carvalho, W., Chinellato, J., Custódio, A., Da Costa, E. M., Damiao, D. De Jesus, Martins, C. De Oliveira, De Souza, S. Fonseca, Malbouisson, H., Figueiredo, D. Matos, Mundim, L., Nogima, H., Da Silva, W. L. Prado, Santaolalla, J., Santoro, A., Sznajder, A., Manganote, E. J. Tonelli, Pereira, A. Vilela, Bernardes, C. A., Dogra, S., Tomei, T. R. Fernandez Perez, Gregores, E. M., Mercadante, P. G., Novaes, S. F., Padula, Sandra S., Aleksandrov, A., Genchev, V., Hadjiiska, R., Iaydjiev, P., Marinov, A., Piperov, S., Rodozov, M., Sultanov, G., Vutova, M., Dimitrov, A., Glushkov, I., Litov, L., Pavlov, B., Petkov, P., Bian, J. G., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. S., Chen, M., Cheng, T., Du, R., Jiang, C. H., Plestina, R., Romeo, F., Tao, J., Wang, Z., Asawatangtrakuldee, C., Ban, Y., Li, Q., Liu, S., Mao, Y., Qian, S. J., Wang, D., Xu, Z., Zou, W., Avila, C., Cabrera, A., Sierra, L. F. Chaparro, Florez, C., Gomez, J. P., Moreno, B. Gomez, Sanabria, J. C., Godinovic, N., Lelas, D., Polic, D., Puljak, I., Antunovic, Z., Kovac, M., Brigljevic, V., Kadija, K., Luetic, J., Mekterovic, D., Sudic, L., Attikis, A., Mavromanolakis, G., Mousa, J., Nicolaou, C., Ptochos, F., Razis, P. A., Bodlak, M., Finger, M., Finger Jr., M., Assran, Y., Kamel, A. Ellithi, Mahmoud, M. A., Radi, A., Kadastik, M., Murumaa, M., Raidal, M., Tiko, A., Eerola, P., Fedi, G., Voutilainen, M., Härkönen, J., Karimäki, V., Kinnunen, R., Kortelainen, M. J., Lampén, T., Lassila-Perini, K., Lehti, S., Lindén, T., Luukka, P., Mäenpää, T., Peltola, T., Tuominen, E., Tuominiemi, J., Tuovinen, E., Wendland, L., Talvitie, J., Tuuva, T., Besancon, M., Couderc, F., Dejardin, M., Denegri, D., Fabbro, B., Faure, J. L., Favaro, C., Ferri, F., Ganjour, S., Givernaud, A., Gras, P., de Monchenault, G. Hamel, Jarry, P., Locci, E., Malcles, J., Rander, J., Rosowsky, A., Titov, M., Baffioni, S., Beaudette, F., Busson, P., Charlot, C., Dahms, T., Dalchenko, M., Dobrzynski, L., Filipovic, N., Florent, A., de Cassagnac, R. Granier, Mastrolorenzo, L., Miné, P., Mironov, C., Naranjo, I. N., Nguyen, M., Ochando, C., Ortona, G., Paganini, P., Regnard, S., Salerno, R., Sauvan, J. B., Sirois, Y., Veelken, C., Yilmaz, Y., Zabi, A., Agram, J. -L., Andrea, J., Aubin, A., Bloch, D., Brom, J. -M., Chabert, E. C., Collard, C., Conte, E., Fontaine, J. -C., Gelé, D., Goerlach, U., Goetzmann, C., Bihan, A. -C. Le, Skovpen, K., Van Hove, P., Gadrat, S., Beauceron, S., Beaupere, N., Boudoul, G., Bouvier, E., Brochet, S., Montoya, C. A. Carrillo, Chasserat, J., Chierici, R., Contardo, D., Depasse, P., Mamouni, H. El, Fan, J., Fay, J., Gascon, S., Gouzevitch, M., Ille, B., Kurca, T., Lethuillier, M., Mirabito, L., Perries, S., Alvarez, J. D. Ruiz, Sabes, D., Sgandurra, L., Sordini, V., Donckt, M. Vander, Verdier, P., Viret, S., Xiao, H., Tsamalaidze, Z., Autermann, C., Beranek, S., Bontenackels, M., Edelhoff, M., Feld, L., Heister, A., Hindrichs, O., Klein, K., Ostapchuk, A., Raupach, F., Sammet, J., Schael, S., Schulte, J. F., Weber, H., Wittmer, B., Zhukov, V., Ata, M., Brodski, M., Dietz-Laursonn, E., Duchardt, D., Erdmann, M., Fischer, R., Güth, A., Hebbeker, T., Heidemann, C., Hoepfner, K., Klingebiel, D., Knutzen, S., Kreuzer, P., Merschmeyer, M., Meyer, A., Millet, P., Olschewski, M., Padeken, K., Papacz, P., Reithler, H., Schmitz, S. A., Sonnenschein, L., Teyssier, D., Thüer, S., Weber, M., Cherepanov, V., Erdogan, Y., Flügge, G., Geenen, H., Geisler, M., Ahmad, W. Haj, Hoehle, F., Kargoll, B., Kress, T., Kuessel, Y., Künsken, A., Lingemann, J., Nowack, A., Nugent, I. M., Pooth, O., Stahl, A., Martin, M. Aldaya, Asin, I., Bartosik, N., Behr, J., Behrens, U., Bell, A. J., Bethani, A., Borras, K., Burgmeier, A., Cakir, A., Calligaris, L., Campbell, A., Choudhury, S., Costanza, F., Pardos, C. Diez, Dolinska, G., Dooling, S., Dorland, T., Eckerlin, G., Eckstein, D., Eichhorn, T., Flucke, G., Garcia, J. Garay, Geiser, A., Gunnellini, P., Hauk, J., Hempel, M., Jung, H., Kalogeropoulos, A., Kasemann, M., Katsas, P., Kieseler, J., Kleinwort, C., Korol, I., Krücker, D., Lange, W., Leonard, J., Lipka, K., Lobanov, A., Lohmann, W., Lutz, B., Mankel, R., Marfin, I., Melzer-Pellmann, I. -A., Meyer, A. B., Mittag, G., Mnich, J., Mussgiller, A., Naumann-Emme, S., Nayak, A., Ntomari, E., Perrey, H., Pitzl, D., Placakyte, R., Raspereza, A., Cipriano, P. M. Ribeiro, Roland, B., Ron, E., Sahin, M. Ö., Salfeld-Nebgen, J., Saxena, P., Schoerner-Sadenius, T., Schröder, M., Seitz, C., Spannagel, S., Trevino, A. D. R. Vargas, Walsh, R., Wissing, C., Blobel, V., Vignali, M. Centis, Draeger, A. R., Erfle, J., Garutti, E., Goebel, K., Görner, M., Haller, J., Hoffmann, M., Höing, R. S., Junkes, A., Kirschenmann, H., Klanner, R., Kogler, R., Lange, J., Lapsien, T., Lenz, T., Marchesini, I., Ott, J., Peiffer, T., Perieanu, A., Pietsch, N., Poehlsen, J., Poehlsen, T., Rathjens, D., Sander, C., Schettler, H., Schleper, P., Schlieckau, E., Schmidt, A., Seidel, M., Sola, V., Stadie, H., Steinbrück, G., Troendle, D., Usai, E., Vanelderen, L., Vanhoefer, A., Barth, C., Baus, C., Berger, J., Böser, C., Butz, E., Chwalek, T., De Boer, W., Descroix, A., Dierlamm, A., Feindt, M., Frensch, F., Giffels, M., Gilbert, A., Hartmann, F., Hauth, T., Husemann, U., Katkov, I., Kornmayer, A., Kuznetsova, E., Pardo, P. Lobelle, Mozer, M. U., Müller, T., Müller, Th., Nürnberg, A., Quast, G., Rabbertz, K., Röcker, S., Simonis, H. J., Stober, F. M., Ulrich, R., Wagner-Kuhr, J., Wayand, S., Weiler, T., Wolf, R., Anagnostou, G., Daskalakis, G., Geralis, T., Giakoumopoulou, V. 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A., Grünberg, O., Heß, M., Voß, C., Waldi, R., Likhomanenko, T., Malinin, A., Shevchenko, V., Ustyuzhanin, A., Vidal, F. Martinez, Oyanguren, A., Valls, P. Ruiz, Mayordomo, C. Sanchez, Onderwater, C. J. G., Wilschut, H. W., and Pesen, E.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: A joint measurement is presented of the branching fractions $B^0_s\to\mu^+\mu^-$ and $B^0\to\mu^+\mu^-$ in proton-proton collisions at the LHC by the CMS and LHCb experiments. The data samples were collected in 2011 at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, and in 2012 at 8 TeV. The combined analysis produces the first observation of the $B^0_s\to\mu^+\mu^-$ decay, with a statistical significance exceeding six standard deviations, and the best measurement of its branching fraction so far. Furthermore, evidence for the $B^0\to\mu^+\mu^-$ decay is obtained with a statistical significance of three standard deviations. The branching fraction measurements are statistically compatible with SM predictions and impose stringent constraints on several theories beyond the SM., Comment: Correspondence should be addressed to cms-and-lhcb-publication-committees@cern.ch
Published: 2014
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