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We consider the process of catastrophic expansion of a spacelike wormhole after a violation of its equilibrium state. The dynamics of deformation of the comoving reference frame is investigated. We show that the deformation has a very specific anisotropic feature. The statement made earlier by other authors, that in the process of expanding the wormhole connecting two universes these universes ultimately unite into one universe, is not correct. We show that the transverse size of the wormhole (its throat) increases and the length of the corridor decreases which does not correspond to the de Sitter model.

The discovery of GW signal from merging neutron stars by LIGO on 17th August 2017 was followed by a short GRB170817A discovered by FERMI and INTEGRAL 1.7 seconds after the loss of the GW signal when it just reached its maximum. Here we present a reproduction of the first paper (published by us in 1984) predicting a short GRB after GW signal of merging neutron stars. Our paper followed the scenario by Clark and Eardley (1977) who predicted a catastrophic disruption of a neutron star in a binary 1.7 seconds after the peak of GW signal. Our next paper in 1990 predicted all the main properties of the short GRB with quite a reasonable accuracy. Typos in English translation are corrected and a few comments are added in the current publication as numbered footnotes (the only footnote from the original paper is marked by an asterisk)., Comment: LaTeX, 7 pages; typo in eq.18 corrected, affiliations added

In the framework of the Theory of General Relativity, models of stars with an unusual equation of state $\rho c^2<0$, $P>0$ where $\rho$ is the mass density and $P$ is the pressure, are constructed. These objects create outside themselves the forces of gravitational repulsion. The equilibrium of such stars is ensured by a non-standard balance of forces. Negative mass density, acting gravitationally on itself, creates an acceleration of the negative mass, directed from the center. Therefore in the absence of pressure such an object tends to expand. At the same time, the positive pressure, which falls just like in ordinary stars from the center to the surface, creates a force directed from the center. This force acts on the negative mass density, which causes acceleration directed the opposite of the acting force, that is to the center of the star. This acceleration balances the gravitational repulsion produced by the negative mass. Thus, in our models gravity and pressure change roles: the negative mass tends to create a gravitational repulsion, while the gradient of the pressure acting on the negative mass tends to compress the star. In this paper, we construct several models of such a star with various equations of state., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

The characteristic and distinctive features of the visibility amplitude of interferometric observations for compact objects like stars in the immediate vicinity of the central black hole in our Galaxy are considered. These features are associated with the specifics of strong gravitational scattering of point sources by black holes, wormholes, or black_white holes. The revealed features will help to determine the most important topological characteristics of the central object in our Galaxy: whether this object possesses the properties of only a black hole or also has characteristics unique to wormholes or black_white holes. These studies can be used to interpret the results of optical, infrared, and radio interferometric observations., Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures

This paper describes outstanding issues in astrophysics and cosmology that can be solved by astronomical observations in a broad spectral range from far infrared to millimeter wavelengths. The discussed problems related to the formation of stars and planets, galaxies and the interstellar medium, studies of black holes and the development of the cosmological model can be addressed by the planned space observatory Millimetron (the "Spectr-M" project) equipped with a cooled 10-m mirror. Millimetron can operate both as a single-dish telescope and as a part of a space-ground interferometer with very long baseline., Comment: The translation of the original article in Physics Uspekhi http://ufn.ru/ru/articles/2014/12/c/

The electromagnetic bremsstrahlung spectrum for the dipole which falling by a spiral orbit into the Schwarzschild black hole was found. The characteristic features in this electromagnetic spectrum can be used for determine of the black hole mass by the new way. This new way (if implemented) provides higher accuracy in determining of the black hole mass. Also these features in the spectrum can be used for determine of the certain characteristics in the black hole magnetosphere or in the accretion disk characteristics around the black hole. It is also shown that the asymptotic behavior of this spectrum (at high frequencies) is practically independent from the impact parameter of the falling dipole., Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures. To appear in IJMPD, 2015

In this paper we construct a precise mathematical model of the Multiverse, consisted of the universes, that are connected with each other by dynamical wormholes. We consider spherically symmetric free of matter wormholes. At the same time separate universes in this model are not necessary spherically symmetric and can significantly differ from one another. We also analyze a possibility of the information exchange between different universes., Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures

We study a static, spherically symmetric wormhole model whose metric coincides with that of the so-called Ellis wormhole but the material source of gravity consists of a perfect fluid with negative density and a source-free radial electric or magnetic field. For a certain class of fluid equations of state, it has been shown that this wormhole model is linearly stable under both spherically symmetric perturbations and axial perturbations of arbitrary multipolarity. A similar behavior is predicted for polar nonspherical perturbations. It thus seems to be the first example of a stable wormhole model in the framework of general relativity (at least without invoking phantom thin shells as wormhole sources)., Comment: 6 pages, no figures

The free fall of electric charges and dipoles, radial and freely falling into the Schwarzschild black hole event horizon, was considered. Inverse effect of electromagnetic fields on the black hole is neglected. Dipole was considered as a point particle, so the deformation associated with exposure by tidal forces are neglected. According to the theorem, "the lack of hair" of black holes, multipole magnetic fields must be fully emitted by multipole fall into a black hole. The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation power for these multipoles (monopole and dipole) was found. Differences were found in the spectra for different orientations of the falling dipole. A general method has been developed to find radiated electromagnetic multipole fields for the free falling multipoles into a black hole (including higher order multipoles - quadrupoles, etc.). The electromagnetic spectrum can be compared with observational data from stellar mass and smaller black holes., Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures

The stability of one type of the static Ellis-Bronnikov-Morris-Thorne wormholes is considered. These wormholes filled with radial magnetic field and phantom dust with a negative energy density., Comment: 6 pages

The analytic solution of the general relativity equations for spherically symmetric wormholes are given. We investigate the special case of a "traversable" wormhole i.e., one allowing the signal to pass through it. The energy-momentum tensor of wormhole matter is represented as a superposition of a spherically symmetric magnetic field and dust matter with negative matter density. The dynamics of the model are investigated. We discuss both the solution of the equation with a Lambda-term and without it. Superposing enough dust matter, a magnetic field, and a Lambda-term can produce a static solution, which turns out to be a spherical Multiverse model with an infinite number of wormholes connected spherical universes. Corresponding solution can be static and dynamic., Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures

We consider the hypothesis that some active galactic nuclei and other compact astrophysical objects may be current or former entrances to wormholes. A broad mass spectrum for astrophysical wormholes is possible. We consider various new models of the static wormholes including wormholes maintained mainly by an electromagnetic field. We also discuss observational effects of a single entrance to wormhole and a model for a binary astrophysical system formed by the entrances of wormholes with magnetic fields and consider its possible manifestation., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures

We present an analysis of well-posedness of constrained evolution of 3+1 formulations of GR. In this analysis we explicitly take into account the energy and momentum constraints as well as possible algebraic constraints on the evolution of high-frequency perturbations of solutions of Einstein's equations. In this respect, our approach is principally different from standard analyses of well-posedness of free evolution in general relativity. Our study reveals the existence of subsets of the linearized Einstein's equations that control the well-posedness of constrained evolution. It is demonstrated that the well-posedness of ADM, BSSN and other 3+1 formulations derived from ADM by adding combinations of constraints to the right-hand-side of ADM and/or by linear transformation of the dynamical ADM variables depends entirely on the properties of the gauge. For certain classes of gauges we formulate conditions for well-posedness of constrained evolution. This provides a new basis for constructing stable numerical integration schemes for a classical Arnowitt--Deser--Misner (ADM) and many other 3+1 formulations of general relativity., Comment: Accepted to PRD, typos corrected, added references, extension of the analysis

We report the release of the Gauss--Legendre Sky Pixelization (GLESP) software package version 1.0. In this report we present the main features and functions for processing and manipulation of sky signals. Features for CMB polarization is underway and to be incorporated in a future release. Interested readers can visit http://www.glesp.nbi.dk (www.glesp.nbi.dk) and register for receiving the package.

We consider the effects of advection and radial gradients of pressure and radial drift velocity on the structure of accretion disks around black holes with proper description of optically thick/thin transitions. We concentrated our efforts on the models with large accretion rate. Contrary to disk models neglecting advection, we find that continuous solutions extending from the outer disk regions to the inner edge exist for all accretion rates we have considered. We show that the sonic point moves outward with increasing accretion rate, and that in the innermost disk region advection acts as a heating process that may even dominate over dissipative heating. Despite the importance of advection on it's structure, the disk remains geometrically thin. Global solutions of advective accretion disks, which describe continuously the transition between optically thick outer region and optically thin inner region are constructed and analyzed., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, to be published in Proceedings of the Gamov Memorial International Conference, Odessa, Ukraine, August 8-14, 2004, Cambridge Scientific Publications

A general physical mechanism of the formation of line-driven winds at the vicinity of strong gravitational field sources is investigated in the frame of General Relativity. We argue that gravitational redshifting should be taken into account to model such outflows. The generalization of the Sobolev approximation in the frame of General Relativity is presented. We consider all processes in the metric of a nonrotating (Schwarzschild) black hole. The radiation force that is due to absorbtion of the radiation flux in lines is derived. It is demonstrated that if gravitational redshifting is taken into account, the radiation force becomes a function of the local velocity gradient (as in the standard line-driven wind theory) and the gradient of $g_{00}$. We derive a general relativistic equation of motion describing such flow. A solution of the equation of motion is obtained and confronted with that obtained from the Castor, Abbott & Klein (CAK) theory. It is shown that the proposed mechanism could have an important contribution to the formation of line-driven outflows from compact objects., Comment: 20 pages, submitted to ApJ

A new scheme of sky pixelization is developed for CMB maps. The scheme is based on the Gauss--Legendre polynomials zeros and allows one to create strict orthogonal expansion of the map. A corresponding code has been implemented and comparison with other methods has been done., Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures. Int. J. Mod. Phys. D accepted. For the GLESP software package v1.0 see http://www.glesp.nbi.dk/ (www.glesp.nbi.dk)

We study a tensorial exponential transformation of a three-dimensional metric of space-like hypersurfaces embedded in a four-dimensional space-time, $\gamma_{ij} = e^{\epsilon_{ikm}\theta_m} e^{\phi_k} e^{-\epsilon_{jkn}\theta_n}$, where $\phi_k$ are logarithms of the eigenvalues of $\gamma_{ij}$, $\theta_k$ are rotation angles, and $\epsilon_{ijk}$ is a fully anti-symmetric symbol. Evolution part of Einstein's equations, formulated in terms of $\phi_k$ and $\theta_k$, describes time evolution of the metric at every point of a hyper-surface as a continuous stretch and rotation of a local coordinate system in a tangential space. The exponential stretch-rotation (ESR) transformation generalizes particular exponential transformations used previously in cases of spatial symmetry. The ESR 3+1 formulation of Einstein's equations may have certain advantages for long-term stable integration of these equations., Comment: submitted to Class. Quantum Grav

We study a scalar hyperbolic partial differential equation with non-linear terms similar to those of the equations of general relativity. The equation has a number of non-trivial analytical solutions whose existence rely on a delicate balance between linear and non-linear terms. We formulate two classes of second-order accurate central-difference schemes, CFLN and MOL, for numerical integration of this equation. Solutions produced by the schemes converge to exact solutions at any fixed time $t$ when numerical resolution is increased. However, in certain cases integration becomes asymptotically unstable when $t$ is increased and resolution is kept fixed. This behavior is caused by subtle changes in the balance between linear and non-linear terms when the equation is discretized. Changes in the balance occur without violating second-order accuracy of discretization. We thus demonstrate that a second-order accuracy and convergence at finite $t$ do not guarantee a correct asymptotic behavior and long-term numerical stability. Accuracy and stability of integration are greatly improved by an exponential transformation of the unknown variable., Comment: submitted to Class. Quantum Grav

The paper is devoted to the methods of determination of the cosmological parameters from recent CMB observations. We show that the more complex models of kinetics of recombination with a few "missing" parameters describing the recombination process provide better agreement between measured and expected characteristics of the CMB anisotropy. In particular, we consider the external sources of the Ly-{alpha} and Ly-{c} radiation and the model with the strong clustering of baryonic component. These factors can constrain the estimates of the cosmological parameters usually discussed. We demonstrate also that the measurements of polarization can improve these estimates and, for the precision expected for the PLANCK mission, allow to discriminate a wide class of models., Comment: 25 pages, 7 figures, extended and corrected after the referee report. Accepted in ApJ

In this paper we develop the new semi-analitical model of a tidally perturbed or tidally disrupted star proposed recently by two of us. This model is effectively a one dimensional Lagrangian model and it can be evolved numerically much faster that the conventional 3D models. A self-consistent derivation of the dynamical equations of the model is performed and several important theorems about the dynamics of the model are proved without any particular assumption about the equation of state of the stellar gas. The dynamical equations are solved numerically for the case of $n=1.5$ polytropic star evolving in the relativistic field of a $10^7M_{\odot}$ Kerr black hole. Some results of these calculations are compared with the results of calculations based on finite-difference 3D simulations. The comparison shows a very good agreement between both approaches to the problem. Then we show that the strength of the tidal encounter depends significantly on the relative orientation of the orbital angular momentum of the star and the spin of the black hole., Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures

We develop a linear algorithm for extracting extragalactic point sources for the Compact Source Catalogue of the upcoming PLANCK mission. This algorithm is based on a simple top-hat filter in the harmonic domain with an adaptive filtering range which does not require a priori knowledge of the CMB power spectrum and the experiment parameters such as the beam size and shape nor pixel noise level., Comment: 8 pages, minor changes and typo corrections, accepted for publication in MNRAS

We present a general approach to the analysis of gauge stability of 3+1 formulations of General Relativity (GR). Evolution of coordinate perturbations and the corresponding perturbations of lapse and shift can be described by a system of eight quasi-linear partial differential equations. Stability with respect to gauge perturbations depends on a choice of gauge and a background metric, but it does not depend on a particular form of a 3+1 system if its constrained solutions are equivalent to those of the Einstein equations. Stability of a number of known gauges is investigated in the limit of short-wavelength perturbations. All fixed gauges except a synchronous gauge are found to be ill-posed. A maximal slicing gauge and its parabolic extension are shown to be ill-posed as well. A necessary condition is derived for well-posedness of metric-dependent algebraic gauges. Well-posed metric-dependent gauges are found, however, to be generally unstable. Both instability and ill-posedness are associated with perturbations of physical accelerations of reference frames., Comment: submitted to Classical and Quantum Gravity; stability analysis of a maximal slicing gauge is corrected

We present a new method to extract the beam shape incorporated in the pixelized map of CMB experiments. This method is based on the interplay of the amplitudes and phases of the signal and instrumental noise. By adding controlled white noise onto the map, the phases are perturbed in such a way that the beam shape manifests itself through the mean-squared value of the difference between original and perturbed phases. This method is useful in extracting preliminary antenna beam shape without time-consuming spherical harmonic computations., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics

We discuss the hypothesis that the cosmological baryon asymmetry and entropy were produced in the early Universe by the primordial black hole (PBHs) evaporation., Comment: 6 pages, no figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. D

A new semi-analytical model of a star evolving in a tidal field is proposed. The model is a generalization of the so-called 'affine' stellar model. In our model the star is composed of elliptical shells with different parameters and different orientations, depending on time and on the radial Lagrangian coordinate of the shell. The evolution equations of this model are derived from the virial relations under certain assumptions, and the integrals of motion are identified. It is shown that the evolution equations can be deduced from a variational principle. The evolution equations are solved numerically and compared quantitatively with the results of 3D numerical computations of the tidal interaction of a star with a supermassive black hole. The comparison shows very good agreement between the main ``integral'' characteristics describing the tidal interaction event in our model and in the 3D computations. Our model is effectively a one-dimensional Lagrangian model from the point of view of numerical computations, and therefore it can be evolved numerically $10^{2}-10^{3}$ times faster than the 3D approach allows. This makes our model well suited for intensive calculations covering the whole parameter space of the problem., Comment: This version is accepted for publication in ApJ. Stylistic and grammatical changes, new Appendix added

We discuss some aspects of the Cosmological Gene Project started at the Special Astrophysical Observatory (Russia) in 1999. The goal of the project is to measure the anisotropy and polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and investigation of atmospheric fluctuations and foreground on arcmin-scales using the radio-telescope RATAN-600. We develop the cluster analysis of one-dimensional random fields for the application to the RATAN-600 scans. We analyze the specific properties of peak clusterisation in the RATAN-600 scans which to separate the primordial CMB signal from noise., Comment: Submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics

It has been found in several papers that, because of quantum corrections, light front can propagate with superluminal velocity in gravitational fields and even in flat space-time across two conducting plates. We show that, if this is the case, closed time-like trajectories would be possible and, in particular, in certain reference frames photons could return to their source of origin before they were produced there, in contrast to the opposite claim made in the literature., Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures, Latex

Analysis of the singularities of the polarization field of CMB, where polarization is equal to zero, is presented. It is found that the classification of the singular points differs from the usual three types known in the ordinary differential equations. The new statistical properties of polarization field are discussed, and new methods to detect the presence of primordial tensor perturbations are indicated., Comment: 7 pages, 1 figures

We numerically construct slim, global, vertically integrated models of optically thin, transonic accretion discs around black holes, assuming a regularity condition at the sonic radius and boundary conditions at the outer radius of the disc and near the black hole. In agreement with several previous studies, we find two branches of shock-free solutions, in which the cooling is dominated either by advection, or by local radiation. We also confirm that the part of the accretion flow where advection dominates is in some circumstances limited in size: it does not extend beyond a certain outer limiting radius. New results found in our paper concern the location of the limiting radius and properties of the flow near to it. In particular, we find that beyond the limiting radius, the advective dominated solutions match on to Shapiro, Lightman & Eardley (SLE) discs through a smooth transition region. Therefore, the full global solutions are shock-free and unlimited in size. There is no need for postulating an extra physical effect (e.g. evaporation) for triggering the ADAF-SLE transition. It occurs due to standard accretion processes described by the classic slim disc equations., Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, MNRAS accepted

In the innermost region of the advective accretion disk orbiting a black hole of high spin, the inertia of heat stored in the accreting gas is comparable to that of the gas rest mass itself. Accounting for this effect, we derive additional terms in the disk structure equations, and show that the heat inertia plays a significant role in the global energy conservation and dynamics of accretion in the relativistic advective disks., Comment: 6 pages, Latex, submitted to ApJL

We consider the effects of advection and radial gradients of pressure and radial drift velocity on the structure of optically thick accretion disks. We concentrate our efforts on highly viscous disks, $\alpha=1.0$, with large accretion rates. Contrary to disk models neglecting advection, we find that continuous solutions extending from the outer disk regions to the inner edge exist for all accretion rates we have considered. We show that the sonic point moves outward with increasing accretion rate, and that in the innermost disk region advection acts as a heating process that may even dominate over dissipative heating. Despite the importance of advection on it's structure, the disk remains geometrically thin., Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, LaTeX, uses aasms4

We consider the action principle to derive the classical, relativistic motion of a self-interacting particle in a 4-D Lorentzian spacetime containing a wormhole and which allows the existence of closed time-like curves. In particular, we study the case of a pointlike particle subject to a `hard-sphere' self-interaction potential and which can traverse the wormhole an arbitrary number of times, and show that the only possible trajectories for which the classical action is stationary are those which are globally self-consistent. Generically, the multiplicity of these trajectories (defined as the number of self-consistent solutions to the equations of motion beginning with given Cauchy data) is finite, and it becomes infinite if certain constraints on the same initial data are satisfied. This confirms the previous conclusions (for a non-relativistic model) by Echeverria, Klinkhammer and Thorne that the Cauchy initial value problem in the presence of a wormhole `time machine' is classically `ill-posed' (far too many solutions). Our results further extend the recent claim by Novikov et al. that the `Principle of self-consistency' is a natural consequence of the `Principle of minimal action.', Comment: 39 pages, latex file

We consider the action principle to derive the classical, non-relativistic motion of a self-interacting particle in a 4-D Lorentzian spacetime containing a wormhole and which allows the existence of closed time-like curves. For the case of a `hard-sphere' self-interaction potential we show that the only possible trajectories (for a particle with fixed initial and final positions and which traverses the wormhole once) minimizing the classical action are those which are globally self-consistent, and that the `Principle of self-consistency' (originally introduced by Novikov) is thus a natural consequence of the `Principle of minimal action.', Comment: 26 pages, plain latex; modified version includes extra constraint for collinear collision case and other minor misprints corrections

We present here the solution for accretion disk structure, which describes continuously the transition between optically thick and optically thin disk regions. We show that the disk structure equations without advection, used here, give two branches of solutions which do not intersect for $L

We compute encounters of a realistic white dwarf model with a massive black hole in the regime where relativistic effects are important, using a three-dimensional, finite-difference, Eulerian, piecewise parabolic method (PPM) hydrodynamical code. Both disruptive and nondisruptive encounters are considered. We identify and discuss relativistic effects important for the problem: relativistic shift of the pericenter distance, time delay, relativistic precession, and the tensorial structure of the tidal forces. In the nondisruptive case, stripping of matter takes place. In the surface layers of the surviving core, complicated hydrodynamical phenomena are revealed. In both disruptive and nondispruptive encounters, material flows out in the form of two thin, S-shaped, supersonic jets. Our results provide realistic initial conditions for the subsequent investigation of the dynamics of the debris in the field of the black hole. We evaluate the critical conditions for complete disruption of the white dwarf, and compare our results with the corresponding results for nonrelativistic encounters.

The processes leading to tidal capture of stars by a massive black hole and the consequences of these processes in a dense stellar cluster are discussed in detail. When the amplitude of a tide and the subsequent oscillations are sufficiently large, the energy deposited in a star after periastron passage and formation of a bound orbit cannot be estimated directly using the linear theory of oscillations of a spherical star, but rather numerical estimates must be used. The evolution of a star after tidal capture is discussed. The maximum ratio R of the cross-section for tidal capture to that for tidal disruption is about 3 for real systems. For the case of a stellar system with an empty capture loss cone, even in the case when the impact parameter for tidal capture only slightly exceeds the impact parameter for direct tidal disruption, tidal capture would be much more important than tidal disruption.

The hydrodynamic picture of the formation of primordial black holes (PBH) at the early stages of expansion of the Universe is considered. It is assumed that close to singularity, expansion occurs in a quasi-isotropic way. Using an EVM, a spherically symmetrical nonlinear problem of the evolution of primary strong deviation from the Fridman solution was solved. What these deviations must be, so that the formation of PBH occurred was clarified. Attention was devoted to the role of pressure gradients. It is pointed out that at the moment of formation of PBH, only a small part of matter enters into it, primarily the component of perturbation. It is also pointed out that at this moment, the mass of PBH essentially is smaller than the mass considered within the cosmic horizon. The possibility of changing the mass of the PBH as a result of accretion is analyzed.

Supernova nucleus mass estimate, centrifugal and gravitational force balance, equilibrium disruption by radiation forces, and supernova energy generation mechanism

Emission of gravitational waves by bodies moving in collapsing star field