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We determine the maximal dimension of compact subvarieties of $\mathcal{A}_g$, the moduli space of complex principally polarized abelian varieties of dimension $g$, and the maximal dimension of a compact subvariety through a very general point of $\mathcal{A}_g$. This also allows us to draw some conclusions for compact subvarieties of the moduli space of complex curves of compact type., Comment: 36 pages, comments welcome!

We establish a nonlinear analogue of a splitting map into a Euclidean space, as a harmonic map into a flat torus. We prove that the existence of such a map implies Gromov-Hausdorff closeness to a flat torus in any dimension. Furthermore, Gromov-Hausdorff closeness to a flat torus and an integral bound {on $r_M(x)$, the smallest eigenvalue of the Ricci tensor $\text{ric}_x$ in $x$}, imply the existence of a harmonic splitting map. Combining these results with Stern's inequality, we provide a new Gromov-Hausdorff stability theorem for flat $3$-tori. The main tools we employ include the harmonic map heat flow, Ricci flow, and both Ricci limits and RCD theories., Comment: 44 pages. We corrected a mistake in Theorem 5.3, present in the previous version, and added Theorem 1.8

An extensive library of symptom inventories has been developed over time to measure clinical symptoms, but this variety has led to several long standing issues. Most notably, results drawn from different settings and studies are not comparable, which limits reproducibility. Here, we present an artificial intelligence (AI) approach using semantic textual similarity (STS) to link symptoms and scores across previously incongruous symptom inventories. We tested the ability of four pre-trained STS models to screen thousands of symptom description pairs for related content - a challenging task typically requiring expert panels. Models were tasked to predict symptom severity across four different inventories for 6,607 participants drawn from 16 international data sources. The STS approach achieved 74.8% accuracy across five tasks, outperforming other models tested. This work suggests that incorporating contextual, semantic information can assist expert decision-making processes, yielding gains for both general and disease-specific clinical assessment.

We prove that any complete Riemannian manifold with negative part of the Ricci curvature in a suitable Dynkin class is bi-Lipschitz equivalent to a finite-dimensional $\mathrm{RCD}$ space, by building upon the transformation rule of the Bakry-\'Emery condition under time change. We apply this result to show that our previous results on the limits of closed Riemannian manifolds satisfying a uniform Kato bound carry over to limits of complete manifolds. We also obtain a weak version of the Bishop-Gromov monotonicity formula for manifolds satisfying a strong Kato bound., Comment: 18 pages, comments are welcome!

We analyse local features of the spaces of representations of the fundamental group of a punctured surface in $\mathrm{SU}_2$ equipped with a decoration, namely a choice of a logarithm of the representation at peripheral loops. Such decorated representations naturally arise as monodromies of spherical surfaces with conical points. Among other things, in this paper we determine the smooth locus of such absolute and relative decorated representation spaces: in particular, in the relative case (with few special exceptions) such smooth locus is dense, connected, and exactly consists of non-coaxial representations. The present study sheds some light on the local structure of the moduli space of spherical surfaces with conical points, which is locally modelled on the above-mentioned decorated representation spaces., Comment: 53 pages, one appendix by Daniil Mamaev

We show two stability results for a closed Riemannian manifold whose Ricci curvature is small in the Kato sense and whose first Betti number is equal to the dimension. The first one is a geometric stability result stating that such a manifold is Gromov-Hausdorff close to a flat torus. The second one states that, under a stronger assumption, such a manifold is diffeomorphic to a torus: this extends a result by Colding and Cheeger-Colding obtained in the context of a lower bound on the Ricci curvature., Comment: 24 pages. Comments are welcome!

We study the cone of moving divisors on the moduli space ${\mathcal A}_g$ of principally polarized abelian varieties. Partly motivated by the generalized Rankin-Cohen bracket, we construct a non-linear holomorphic differential operator that sends Siegel modular forms to Siegel modular forms, and we apply it to produce new modular forms. Our construction recovers the known divisors of minimal moving slope on ${\mathcal A}_g$ for $g\leq 4$, and gives an explicit upper bound for the moving slope of ${\mathcal A}_5$ and a conjectural upper bound for the moving slope of ${\mathcal A}_6$.

We prove that metric measure spaces obtained as limits of closed Riemannian manifolds with Ricci curvature satisfying a uniform Kato bound are rectifiable. In the case of a non-collapsing assumption and a strong Kato bound, we additionally show that for any $\alpha \in (0,1)$ the regular part of the space lies in an open set with the structure of a $\mathcal{C}^\alpha$-manifold.

A subvariety of a quasi-projective complex variety $X$ is called ``universally irreducible'' if its preimage inside the universal cover of $X$ is irreducible. In this paper we investigate sufficient conditions for universal irreducibility. We consider in detail complete intersection subvarieties of small codimension inside Siegel moduli spaces of any finite level. Moreover we show that, for $g\geq 3$, every Siegel modular form is the product of finitely many irreducible analytic functions on the Siegel upper half-space $\mathbb{H}_g$. We also discuss the special case of singular theta series of weight $\frac{1}{2}$ and of Schottky forms., Comment: 37 pages. Final version. Accepted for publication on Crelle

We prove an upper bound on the rank of the abelianised revised fundamental group (called "revised first Betti number") of a compact $RCD^{*}(K,N)$ space, in the same spirit of the celebrated Gromov-Gallot upper bound on the first Betti number for a smooth compact Riemannian manifold with Ricci curvature bounded below. When the synthetic lower Ricci bound is close enough to (negative) zero and the aforementioned upper bound on the revised first Betti number is saturated (i.e. equal to the integer part of $N$, denoted by $\lfloor N \rfloor$), then we establish a torus stability result stating that the space is $\lfloor N \rfloor$-rectifiable as a metric measure space, and a finite cover must be mGH-close to an $\lfloor N \rfloor$-dimensional flat torus; moreover, in case $N$ is an integer, we prove that the space itself is bi-H\"older homeomorphic to a flat torus. This second result extends to the class of non-smooth $RCD^{*}(-\delta, N)$ spaces a celebrated torus stability theorem by Colding (later refined by Cheeger-Colding)., Comment: 38 pages. Final version, to appear in Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici

We study the structure of Gromov-Hausdorff limits of sequences of Riemannian manifolds $\{(M_\alpha^n,g_\alpha)\}_{\alpha \in A}$ whose Ricci curvature satisfies a uniform Kato bound. We first obtain Mosco convergence of the Dirichlet energies to the Cheeger energy and show that tangent cones of such limits satisfy the $\mathrm{RCD}(0,n)$ condition. When assuming a non-collapsing assumption, we introduce a new family of monotone quantities, which allows us to prove that tangent cones are also metric cones. We then show the existence of a well-defined stratification in terms of splittings of tangent cones. We finally prove volume convergence to the Hausdorff $n$-measure.

In this paper we determine the topology of the moduli space $\mathcal{MS}_{1,1}(\vartheta)$ of surfaces of genus one with a Riemannian metric of constant curvature $1$ and one conical point of angle $2\pi\vartheta$. In particular, for $\vartheta\in (2m-1,2m+1)$ non-odd, $\mathcal{MS}_{1,1}(\vartheta)$ is connected, has orbifold Euler characteristic $-m^2/12$, and its topology depends on the integer $m>0$ only. For $\vartheta=2m+1$ odd, $\mathcal{MS}_{1,1}(2m+1)$ has $\lceil{m(m+1)/6}\rceil$ connected components. For $\vartheta=2m$ even, $\mathcal{MS}_{1,1}(2m)$ has a natural complex structure and it is biholomorphic to $\mathbb{H}^2/G_m$ for a certain subgroup $G_m$ of $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{Z})$ of index $m^2$, which is non-normal for $m>1$., Comment: 64 pages, 9 figures

The space of Lam\'e functions of order m is isomorphic to the space of pairs (elliptic curve, Abelian differential) where the differential has a single zero of order 2m at the origin and m double poles with vanishing residues. We describe the topology of this space: it is a Riemann surface of finite type; we find the number of components and the genus and Euler characteristic of each component. As an application we find the degrees of Cohn's polynomials confirming a conjecture by Robert Maier. As another application we partially describe the degeneration locus of the space of spherical metrics on tori with one conic singularity where the conic angle is an odd multiple of 2$\pi$., Comment: 82 pages, 18 figures

Let $(S,h)$ be a closed hyperbolic surface and $M$ be a quasi-Fuchsian 3-manifold. We consider incompressible maps from $S$ to $M$ that are critical points of an energy functional $F$ which is homogeneous of degree $1$. These "minimizing" maps are solutions of a non-linear elliptic equation, and reminiscent of harmonic maps -- but when the target is Fuchsian, minimizing maps are minimal Lagrangian diffeomorphisms to the totally geodesic surface in $M$. We prove the uniqueness of smooth minimizing maps from $(S,h)$ to $M$ in a given homotopy class. When $(S,h)$ is fixed, smooth minimizing maps from $(S,h)$ are described by a simple holomorphic data on $S$: a complex self-adjoint Codazzi tensor of determinant $1$. The space of admissible data is smooth and naturally equipped with a complex structure, for which the monodromy map taking a data to the holonomy representation of the image is holomorphic. Minimizing maps are in this way reminiscent of shear-bend coordinates, with the complexification of $F$ analoguous to the complex length., Comment: 30 pages, no figure

We prove that a minimizer of the Yamabe functional does not exist for a sphere $\mathbb{S}^n$ of dimension $n \geq 3$, endowed with a standard edge-cone spherical metric of cone angle greater than or equal to $4\pi$, along a great circle of codimension two. When the cone angle along the singularity is smaller than $2\pi$, the corresponding metric is known to be a Yamabe metric, and we show that all Yamabe metrics in its conformal class are obtained from it by constant multiples and conformal diffeomorphisms preserving the singular set.

We prove topological sphere theorems for RCD(n-1, n) spaces which generalize Colding's results and Petersen's result to the RCD setting. We also get an improved sphere theorem in the case of Einstein stratified spaces.

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a TeV-scale high-luminosity linear $e^+e^-$ collider under development at CERN. Following the CLIC conceptual design published in 2012, this report provides an overview of the CLIC project, its current status, and future developments. It presents the CLIC physics potential and reports on design, technology, and implementation aspects of the accelerator and the detector. CLIC is foreseen to be built and operated in stages, at centre-of-mass energies of 380 GeV, 1.5 TeV and 3 TeV, respectively. CLIC uses a two-beam acceleration scheme, in which 12 GHz accelerating structures are powered via a high-current drive beam. For the first stage, an alternative with X-band klystron powering is also considered. CLIC accelerator optimisation, technical developments and system tests have resulted in an increased energy efficiency (power around 170 MW) for the 380 GeV stage, together with a reduced cost estimate at the level of 6 billion CHF. The detector concept has been refined using improved software tools. Significant progress has been made on detector technology developments for the tracking and calorimetry systems. A wide range of CLIC physics studies has been conducted, both through full detector simulations and parametric studies, together providing a broad overview of the CLIC physics potential. Each of the three energy stages adds cornerstones of the full CLIC physics programme, such as Higgs width and couplings, top-quark properties, Higgs self-coupling, direct searches, and many precision electroweak measurements. The interpretation of the combined results gives crucial and accurate insight into new physics, largely complementary to LHC and HL-LHC. The construction of the first CLIC energy stage could start by 2026. First beams would be available by 2035, marking the beginning of a broad CLIC physics programme spanning 25-30 years., Comment: 112 pages, 59 figures; published as CERN Yellow Report Monograph Vol. 2/2018; corresponding editors: Philip N. Burrows, Nuria Catalan Lasheras, Lucie Linssen, Marko Petri\v{c}, Aidan Robson, Daniel Schulte, Eva Sicking, Steinar Stapnes

In this article we address a number of features of the moduli space of spherical metrics on connected, compact, orientable surfaces with conical singularities of assigned angles, such as its non-emptiness and connectedness. We also consider some features of the forgetful map from the above moduli space of spherical surfaces with conical points to the associated moduli space of pointed Riemann surfaces, such as its properness, which follows from an explicit systole inequality that relates metric invariants (spherical systole) and conformal invariant (extremal systole)., Comment: 63 pages, 22 figures. Final version

Let $S$ be a compact, connected, oriented surface, possibly with boundary, of negative Euler characteristic. In this article we extend Lindenstrauss-Mirzakhani's and Hamenst\"adt's classification of locally finite mapping class group invariant ergodic measures on the space of measured laminations $\mathcal{M}\mathcal{L}(S)$ to the space of geodesic currents $\mathcal{C}(S)$, and we discuss the homogeneous case. Moreover, we extend Lindenstrauss-Mirzakhani's classification of orbit closures to $\mathcal{C}(S)$. Our argument relies on their results and on the decomposition of a current into a sum of three currents with isotopically disjoint supports: a measured lamination without closed leaves, a simple multi-curve and a current that binds its hull., Comment: 48 pages. V2: We added an almost complete classification of homogeneous (locally finite, ergodic, invariant) measures. V4: Final version, to appear in Annales l'Institut Fourier; proof of Proposition 7.4 changed, an appendix added, and minor revisions

We prove that a compact stratied space satises the Riemannian curvature-dimension condition RCD(K, N) if and only if its Ricci tensor is bounded below by K $\in$ R on the regular set, the cone angle along the stratum of codimension two is smaller than or equal to 2$\pi$ and its dimension is at most equal to N. This gives a new wide class of geometric examples of metric measure spaces satisfying the RCD(K, N) curvature-dimension condition, including for instance spherical suspensions, orbifolds, K{\"a}hler-Einstein manifolds with a divisor, Einstein manifolds with conical singularities along a curve. We also obtain new analytic and geometric results on stratied spaces, such as Bishop-Gromov volume inequality, Laplacian comparison, L{\'e}vy-Gromov isoperimetric inequality.

In this paper we complete the topological description of the space of representations of the fundamental group of a punctured surface in SL(2,R) with prescribed behavior at the punctures and nonzero Euler number, following the strategy employed by Hitchin in the unpunctured case and exploiting Hitchin-Simpson correspondence between flat bundles and Higgs bundles in the parabolic case. This extends previous results by Boden-Yokogawa and Nasatyr-Steer. A relevant portion of the paper is intended to give an overview of the subject., Comment: 37 pages; revised version: small mistake in the main statement and some inaccuracies are now corrected, credits added

Consider a stratified space with a positive Ricci lower bound on the regular set and no cone angle larger than 2$\pi$. For such stratified space we know that the first non-zero eigenvalue of the Laplacian is larger than or equal to the dimension. We prove here an Obata rigidity result when the equality is attained: the lower bound of the spectrum is attained if and only if the stratified space is isometric to a spherical suspension. Moreover, we show that the diameter is at most equal to $\pi$, and it is equivalent for the diameter to be equal to $\pi$ and for the first non-zero eigenvalue of the Laplacian to be equal to the dimension. We finally give a consequence of these results related to the Yamabe problem. Consider an Einstein stratified space without cone angles larger than 2$\pi$: if there is a metric conformal to the Einstein metric and with constant scalar curvature, then it is an Einstein metric as well. Furthermore, if its conformal factor is not a constant, then the space is isometric to a spherical suspension.

In this article we give a criterion for the existence of a metric of curvature $1$ on a $2$-sphere with $n$ conical singularities of prescribed angles $2\pi\vartheta_1,\dots,2\pi\vartheta_n$ and non-coaxial holonomy. Such a necessary and sufficient condition is expressed in terms of linear inequalities in $\vartheta_1,\dots,\vartheta_n$., Comment: 38 pages, 17 figures

On a compact stratified space (X, g) there exists a metric of constant scalar curvature in the conformal class of g, if the scalar curvature satisfies an integrability condition and if the Yamabe constant of X is strictly smaller than the local Yamabe constant , another conformal invariant introduced in the recent work of K. Akutagawa, G. Carron and R. Mazzeo. Such invariant depends on the local structure of X, in particular on the links, but its explicit value is not known. We are going to show that if the links satisfy a Ricci positive lower bound, then we can compute the local Yamabe constant. In order to achieve this, we prove a lower bound for the spectrum of the Laplacian, by extending a well-known theorem by Lichenrowicz, and a Sobolev inequality, inspired by a result due to D. Bakry. Furthermore, we prove the existence of an Euclidean isoperimetric inequality on particular stratified space, with one stratum of codimension 2 and cone angle bigger than 2$\pi$.

The moduli space of Riemann surfaces of genus $g\geq 2$ is (up to a finite \'etale cover) a complex manifold and so it makes sense to speak of its Dolbeault cohomological dimension. The conjecturally optimal bound is $g-2$. This expectation is verified in low genus and supported by Harer's computation of its de Rham cohomological dimension and by vanishing results in the tautological intersection ring. In this paper we prove that such dimension is at most $2g-2$. We also prove an analogous bound for the moduli space of Riemann surfaces with marked points. The key step is to show that the Dolbeault cohomological dimension of each stratum of translation surfaces is at most $g$. In order to do that, we produce an exhaustion function whose complex Hessian has controlled index: the construction of such a function relies on some basic geometric properties of translation surfaces., Comment: 37 pages

We give a description of the Kontsevich-Zorich strata for genus 3 in terms of root system data. For each non-open stratum we obtain a presentation of its orbifold fundamental group., Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures

The landslide flow, introduced in [5], is a smoother analog of the earthquake flow on Teichm\"uller space which shares some of its key properties. We show here that further properties of earthquakes apply to landslides. The landslide flow is the Hamiltonian flow of a convex function. The smooth grafting map $sgr$ taking values in Teichm\"uller space, which is to landslides as grafting is to earthquakes, is proper and surjective with respect to either of its variables. The smooth grafting map $SGr$ taking values in the space of complex projective structures is symplectic (up to a multiplicative constant). The composition of two landslides has a fixed point on Teichm\"uller space. As a consequence we obtain new results on constant Gauss curvature surfaces in 3-dimensional hyperbolic or AdS manifolds. We also show that the landslide flow has a satisfactory extension to the boundary of Teichm\"uller space., Comment: 31 pages, no figure

We show that the locally closed strata of the Weierstrass flags on the moduli spaces of curves of genus g and on the moduli space of curves of genus g with one marked point are almost never affine., Comment: 7 pages

Let $\cT$ be Teichm\"uller space of a closed surface of genus at least 2. For any point $c\in \cT$, we describe an action of the circle on $\cT\times \cT$, which limits to the earthquake flow when one of the parameters goes to a measured lamination in the Thurston boundary of $\cT$. This circle action shares some of the main properties of the earthquake flow, for instance it satisfies an extension of Thurston's Earthquake Theorem and it has a complex extension which is analogous and limits to complex earthquakes. Moreover, a related circle action on $\cT\times \cT$ extends to the product of two copies of the universal Teichm\"uller space., Comment: 39 pages, 5 figures

In this paper two Poisson structures on the moduli space of hyperbolic surfaces with conical points are compared: the Weil-Petersson one and the \eta coming from the representation variety. We show that they are multiple of each other, if the angles do not exceed 2\pi. Moreover, we exhibit an explicit formula for \eta in terms of hyperbolic lengths of a suitable system of arcs., Comment: 23 pages, 2 figures. Two mistakes in the description of the holonomy map are corrected. Exposition improved and more details added

We compare some natural triangulations of the Teichm\"uller space of hyperbolic surfaces with geodesic boundary and of some bordifications. We adapt Scannell-Wolf's proof to show that grafting semi-infinite cylinders at the ends of hyperbolic surfaces with fixed boundary lengths is a homeomorphism. This way, we construct a family of triangulations of the Teichm\"uller space of punctures surfaces that interpolates between Penner-Bowditch-Epstein's (using the spine construction) and Harer-Mumford-Thurston's (using Strebel's differentials). Finally, we show (adapting arguments of Dumas) that on a fixed punctured surface, when the triangulation approaches HMT's, the associated Strebel differential is well-approximated by the Schwarzian of the associated projective structure and by the Hopf differential of the collapsing map., Comment: 45 pages, 2 figures - typos corrected, notation revised

We prove a criterion of convergence in the augmented Teichmueller space that can be phrased in terms of convergence of the hyperbolic metrics or of quasiconformal convergence away from the nodes., Comment: 13 pages, 1 figure

This survey paper begins with the description of the duality between arc systems and ribbon graphs embedded in a punctured surface. Then we explain how to cellularize the moduli space of curves in two different ways: using Jenkins-Strebel differentials and using hyperbolic geometry. We also briefly discuss how these two methods are related. Next, we recall the definition of Witten cycles and we illustrate their connection with tautological classes and Weil-Petersson geometry. Finally, we exhibit a simple direct argument to prove that Witten classes are stable., Comment: LaTeX 2(e), 69 pages, 18 figures

Given a Riemann surface with boundary S, the lengths of a maximal system of disjoint simple geodesic arcs on S that start and end at the boundary of S perpendicularly are coordinates on the Teichmueller space T(S). We compute the Weil-Petersson Poisson structure on T(S) in this system of coordinates and we prove that it limits pointwise to the piecewise-linear Poisson structure defined by Kontsevich on the arc complex of S. As a byproduct of the proof, we obtain a formula for the first-order variation of the distance between two closed geodesics under Fenchel-Nielsen deformation., Comment: 44 pages, 12 figures (LaTeX 2e). Published version

Inspired by his vanishing results of tautological classes and by Harer's computation of the virtual cohomological dimension of the mapping class group, Looijenga conjectured that the moduli space of smooth Riemann surfaces admits a stratification by affine subsets with a certain number of layers. Similarly, Roth and Vakil extended the conjecture to the moduli spaces of Riemann surfaces of compact type, of Riemann surfaces with rational tails and of Riemann surfaces with at most k rational components. As a consequence of Lefschetz's theorem, Roth-Vakil's conjecture would also imply that the previous (coarse) moduli spaces are homotopy equivalent to cellular complexes of a certain dimension. Using Harer's computation for the moduli spaces of smooth Riemann surfaces, we prove this last statement., Comment: LaTex, 12 pages, final version

The combinatorial description via ribbon graphs of the moduli space of Riemann surfaces makes it possible to define combinatorial cycles in a natural way. Witten and Kontsevich first conjectured that these classes are polynomials in the tautological classes. We answer affirmatively to this conjecture and find recursively all the polynomials., Comment: LaTeX2e, 57 pages, 16 figures (XYpic and PSTeX), to appear on IMRN

Gouy's phase of transversally limited pulses can create a strong anomalous dispersion in vacuum leading to highly superluminal and negative group velocities. As a consequence, a focusing pulse can diverge beyond the focus before converging into it. A simple experiment is proposed., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures

The crossover to Rouse-like behavior for the self-diffusion constant D, the viscosity $\eta$, and the equilibrium structural statistics of n-alkanes $(6 \le n \le 66)$ is studied numerically. For small n the chains are non-Gaussian and the mean squared end-to-end distance $R^2$ is greater than $R_G^2$, where $R_g^2$ is the mean squared radius of gyration. As n increases, $R^2/R_G^2 \to 6(1+b/n)$, where b depends on the interaction model. At constant density, the Rouse model is used to extract the monomeric friction coefficient $\zeta$ and the viscosity $\eta$ independently from the diffusion constant D and the longest relaxation time $\tau_R$. $\zeta_D$ extracted from D is nearly independent of chain length while $\zeta_\tau$ obtained from $\tau_R$ is much larger than $\zeta_D$ for small n. The viscosity measured in a non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation is closely approximated by the value of $\eta$ determined from $\tau_R$ while $\eta$ inferred from D is smaller for small n. For $n\agt 60$, the two estimates for both $\zeta$ and $\eta$ agree as predicted from the Rouse model. D calculated from three interaction models is studied for increasing $n$ and compared to experimental data., Comment: 21 pages, 8 postscript figures, uses revtex