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The ability to manipulate cavity resonant modes is of critical importance in laser physics and applications. By exploiting the parity time (PT) symmetry, we propose and experimentally realize a single-mode FP laser with improved output power and high-speed modulation have been demonstrated. The proposed PT symmetric laser consists of two coupled structurally identical FP resonators. The gain and loss in two FP resonators can be manipulated independently by changing the injection currents. In the PT symmetric FP laser, single-mode operation is accomplished by selectively breaking of PT symmetry depending solely on the relation between gain-loss and coupling. Single-mode lasing with output power of 1.7 dBm and a sidemode suppression ratio (SMSR) exceeding 24 dB is demonstrated. The 3 dB bandwidth of 7.9 GHz is achieved and clear eye-openings were obtained for 2.5 Gbps and 10Gbps NRZ operation over 10 km single-mode fibers. Furthermore, the PT symmetry breaking is experimentally confirmed with measured loss and coupling coefficient of two FP resonators. The influence of cavity length, facet reflectivity, and electrical isolation between two P-side electrodes on the side mode suppression ratio and output optical power is also been demonstrated, paving the way for further improvement of the PT symmetric FP laser., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures

The dynamic quadrupole Love number of Titan measured by \Cassini is $k_\mathrm{2,obs}=0.616\pm 0.067$, strongly indicating a global subsurface ocean. However, the theoretical Love number due to equilibrium tides is at most $k_\mathrm{2,eq}^\mathrm{max}\approx 0.48$ in the absence of an ice shell on top of the ocean. In reality, there is an outer ice shell of thickness $ 100\,\mathrm{km}$, reducing the equilibrium-tide Love number to $k_\mathrm{2,eq}\approx 0.42$. Therefore, other types of tidal response, like dynamic tides, may be also present in Titan. We propose that the ocean is stably stratified. As a result, there exist standing ocean waves (gravity modes) with eigen-frequencies close to the tidal frequency. Such a gravity mode (g-mode) is resonantly excited. It bends the outer ice shell radially and thus enhances the dynamic Love number by $k_\mathrm{2,g}$. In order for $k_\mathrm{2,g}$ to account for the discrepancy between $k_\mathrm{2,eq}$ and $k_\mathrm{2,obs}$, the Brunt-Vaisala frequency in the ocean is required to be $3.3\times 10^{-4}\,\mathrm{rad\, s^{-1}}$. It is compatible with the volatile-rich model for Titan that was proposed to explain the methane-rich atmosphere. The three components of the tidal potential with azimuthal degrees, $m=-2,0,2$, correspond to the three components of the quadrupole Love number, $k_\mathrm{2,-2}$, $k_\mathrm{2,0}$ and $k_\mathrm{2,2}$. They can excite retrograde, axisymmetric and prograde g-modes equally in the absence of rotation. However, Coriolis force induced by Titan's rotation breaks the symmetry among these modes. Most likely, only one of the Love-number components is significantly enhanced by a g-mode, while the other two are still attributed to equilibrium tides. This prediction is testable by observation. If confirmed, the smaller components of the Love number can be used to constrain the thickness of the outer ice shell., Comment: Comments are welcome. Submit to Icarus

As established by ground based surveys, white dwarfs with hydrogen atmospheres pulsate as they cool across the temperature range, $12500\,\mathrm{K} \gtrsim T_{\mathrm{eff}} \gtrsim 10800\,\mathrm{K}$. Known as DAVs or ZZ Ceti stars, their oscillations are attributed to overstable g-modes excited by convective driving. The effective temperature at the blue edge of the instability strip is slightly lower than that at which a surface convection zone appears. The temperature at the red edge is a two-decade old puzzle. Recently, {\it Kepler} discovered a number of cool DAVs which pulsate at higher frequencies and with much smaller photometric amplitudes than expected based on trends extrapolated from DAVs found by ground based observations. Remarkably, some of them exhibit sporadic outbursts separated by days, each lasting several hours, and releasing $\sim 10^{33}-10^{34}\,\mathrm{erg}$. We provide quantitative explanations for both the red edge and the outbursts. The minimal frequency for overstable modes rises abruptly near the red edge. Although high frequency overstable modes exist below the red edge, their photometric amplitudes are generally too small to be detected by ground based observations. Nevertheless, these overstable parent modes can manifest themselves through nonlinear mode couplings to damped daughter modes which generate limit cycles giving rise to photometric outbursts., Comment: accepted to ApJ

Tidal dissipation inside giant planets is important for the orbital evolution of their natural satellites. It is conventionally treated by parameterized equilibrium tidal theory, in which the tidal torque declines rapidly with distance, and orbital expansion was faster in the past. However, Lainey et al. (2017) find that some Saturnian satellites are currently migrating outward faster than predicted by equilibrium tidal theory. Resonance locking between satellites and internal oscillations of Saturn, proposed by Fuller et al. (2016), naturally matches the observed migration rates. Here, we show that the resonance locking theory predicts dynamical tidal perturbations to Saturn's gravitational field in addition to those produced by equilibrium tidal bulges. We show that these perturbations can likely be detected during Cassini's proximal orbits if migration of satellites results from resonant gravity modes, but will likely be undetectable if migration results from inertial wave attractors or dissipation of the equilibrium tide. Additionally, we show that the detection of gravity modes would place constraints on the size of the hypothetical stably stratified region in Saturn., Comment: accepted to MNRAS

The inner moons of Jupiter and Saturn migrate outwards due to tidal energy dissipation within the planets, the details of which remain poorly understood. We demonstrate that resonance locking between moons and internal oscillation modes of the planet can produce rapid tidal migration. Resonance locking arises due to the internal structural evolution of the planet and typically produces an outward migration rate comparable to the age of the solar system. Resonance locking predicts a similar migration timescale but a different effective tidal quality factor $Q$ governing the migration of each moon. It also predicts nearly constant migration timescales a function of semi-major axis, such that effective $Q$ values were larger in the past. Recent measurements of Jupiter and Saturn's moon systems find effective $Q$ values that are smaller than expected (and are different between moons), and which correspond to migration timescales of $\sim$10 Gyr. If confirmed, the measurements are broadly consistent with resonance locking as the dominant source of tidal dissipation in Jupiter and Saturn. Resonance locking also provides solutions to several problems posed by current measurements: it naturally explains the exceptionally small $Q$ governing Rhea's migration, it allows the large heating rate of Enceladus to be achieved in an equilibrium eccentricity configuration, and it resolves evolutionary problems arising from present-day migration/heating rates., Comment: Published in MNRAS

Rubble piles are a common feature of solar system bodies. They are composed of monolithic elements of ice or rock bound by gravity. Voids occupy a significant fraction of the volume of a rubble pile. They can exist up to pressure $P\approx \epsy\mu$, where $\epsy$ is the monolithic material's yield strain and $\mu$ its rigidity. At low $P$, contacts between neighboring elements are confined to a small fraction of their surface areas. As a result, the effective thermal conductivity of a rubble pile, $\kcon\approx k(P/(\epsy\mu))^{1/2}$, can be orders of magnitude smaller than, $k$, the thermal conductivity of its monolithic elements. In a fluid-free environment, only radiation can transfer energy across voids. It contributes an additional component, $\krad=16\ell\sigma T^3/3$, to the total effective conductivity, $\keff=\kcon +\krad$. Here $\ell$, the inverse of the opacity per unit volume, is of order the size of the elements and voids. An important distinction between $\kcon$ and $\krad$ is that the former is independent of the size of the elements whereas the latter is proportional to it. Our expression for $\keff$ provides a good fit to the depth dependence of thermal conductivity in the top $140\,\mathrm{cm}$ of the lunar regolith. It also offers a good starting point for detailed modeling of thermal inertias for asteroids and satellites. Measurement of the response of surface temperature to variable insolation is a valuable diagnostic of a regolith. There is an opportunity for careful experiments under controlled laboratory conditions to test models of thermal conductivity such as the one we outline., Comment: Accepted to ApJ, 7 pages, 4 figures

Five pairs of large solar system satellites occupy first order mean-motion resonances (MMRs). Among these, the pairs of Mimas-Tethys and Titan-Hyperion are special. They are located much deeper in resonance than the others and their critical arguments librate with much greater amplitudes. These characteristics are traced to the insignificant damping, over $\Gyr$ timescales, of Mimas's orbital inclination and Hyperion's orbital eccentricity. Absent that, these resonances would not survive. Instead their librations would be overstable and escape from resonance would occur on the relevant damping time. Unlike the aforementioned MMRs, those involving Enceladus-Dione, Io-Europa, and Europa-Ganymede are limited by eccentricity damping. They must either remain at the shallow depths they currently occupy, or, if they venture deeper, retreat after a limited time. The latter seems almost certain for Enceladus-Dione and quite likely for the others, We examine the MMRs involving Mimas-Tethys and Titan-Hyperion under the assumption that they formed as a result of convergent migration. Capture probabilities are $\sim 6\%$ for the former and $100\%$ for the latter. The possibility of collisional excitation of their large librations is investigated but largely discounted., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, submitted to AJ

The pulsar triple system, J0337+1715, is remarkably regular and highly hierarchical. Secular dynamics controls its long term evolution with orbital commensurability having negligible effect. Secular interactions transfer angular momentum between inner and outer orbits unless their apsidal lines are parallel or anti-parallel. These choices correspond, respectively, to orthogonal eigenmodes p and a. Each is characterized by an eccentricity ratio set by the masses and semi-major axes, i.e., $e_{p, 1}/e_{p, 2}\sim a_1/a_2$ while $e_{a, 1}/e_{a, 2}\sim (a_1/a_2)^{-3/2}(m_2/m_1)$. Mode p dominates the system's current state so $e_1/e_2$ always remains close to $e_{p, 1}/e_{p, 2}$. A small contribution by Mode a causes $e_1$ and $e_2$ to oscillate with period $\sim 10^3\,\yr$. Orbital changes should be apparent in a few years. These will reveal the forcing of the apsidal precession of the inner orbit by general relativity (GR), and possibly also the smaller contribution due to the tidal and rotational distortion of the inner white dwarf (WD). Phinney (1992) proposes that the epicyclic energy of a WD-pulsar binary reaches equipartition with the kinetic energy of a single convective eddy when the WD's progenitor fills its Roche lobe. We extend Phinney's theory to apply to modes rather than individual orbits. Thus we predict that Mode p and Mode a achieved equipartition with eddies in the giant envelopes of the progenitors of the outer and inner WD, respectively. The most effective eddies are those with lifetimes closest to the orbit period. These were more energetic in the progenitor of the outer WD. This explains why Mode p overwhelms Mode a, and also why the inner binary's orbit is far more eccentric than other WD-pulsar binaries with similar orbit periods. Mode a's small but finite amplitude places a lower bound of $Q\sim 10^6$ on the tidal quality parameter of the inner WD., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table; accepted to ApJ

Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) are isolated, $\ms$ radio pulses with dispersion measure (DM) of order $10^3\DMunit$. Galactic candidates for the DM of high latitude bursts detected at $\GHz$ frequencies are easily dismissed. DM from bursts emitted in stellar coronas are limited by free-free absorption and those from HII regions are bounded by the nondetection of associated free-free emission at radio wavelengths. Thus, if astronomical, FRBs are probably extra-galactic. FRB 110220 has a scattering tail of $\sim 5.6\pm 0.1 \ms$. If the electron density fluctuations arise from a turbulent cascade, the scattering is unlikely to be due to propagation through the diffuse intergalactic plasma. A more plausible explanation is that this burst sits in the central region of its host galaxy. Pulse durations of order $\ms$ constrain the sizes of FRB sources implying high brightness temperatures that indicates coherent emission. Electric fields near FRBs at cosmological distances would be so strong that they could accelerate free electrons from rest to relativistic energies in a single wave period., Comment: 5 pages, accepted by ApJL

Electromagnetic (EM) follow-up observations of gravitational wave (GW) events will help shed light on the nature of the sources, and more can be learned if the EM follow-ups can start as soon as the GW event becomes observable. In this paper, we propose a computationally efficient time-domain algorithm capable of detecting gravitational waves (GWs) from coalescing binaries of compact objects with nearly zero time delay. In case when the signal is strong enough, our algorithm also has the flexibility to trigger EM observation before the merger. The key to the efficiency of our algorithm arises from the use of chains of so-called Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters, which filter time-series data recursively. Computational cost is further reduced by a template interpolation technique that requires filtering to be done only for a much coarser template bank than otherwise required to sufficiently recover optimal signal-to-noise ratio. Towards future detectors with sensitivity extending to lower frequencies, our algorithm's computational cost is shown to increase rather insignificantly compared to the conventional time-domain correlation method. Moreover, at latencies of less than hundreds to thousands of seconds, this method is expected to be computationally more efficient than the straightforward frequency-domain method., Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures, for PRD

With the upgrade of current gravitational wave detectors, the first detection of gravitational wave signals is expected to occur in the next decade. Low-latency gravitational wave triggers will be necessary to make fast follow-up electromagnetic observations of events related to their source, e.g., prompt optical emission associated with short gamma-ray bursts. In this paper we present a new time-domain low-latency algorithm for identifying the presence of gravitational waves produced by compact binary coalescence events in noisy detector data. Our method calculates the signal to noise ratio from the summation of a bank of parallel infinite impulse response (IIR) filters. We show that our summed parallel infinite impulse response (SPIIR) method can retrieve the signal to noise ratio to greater than 99% of that produced from the optimal matched filter. We emphasise the benefits of the SPIIR method for advanced detectors, which will require larger template banks., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, for PRD

This explorative data mining project used distance based clustering algorithm to study 3 indicators, called OIndex, of student behavioral data and stabilized at a 6-cluster scenario following an exhaustive explorative study of 4, 5, and 6 cluster scenarios produced by K-Means and TwoStep algorithms. Using principles in data mining, the study followed a proven data mining process that proceeded from identifying the research questions, to staging the data, to data auditing, and to building scenarios. All scenarios were subjected to data visualization, and in cases appropriate, Chi-square analysis. This study established 6 typologies of students enrolled at a suburban community college. The study is based on the notion that student behavioral data are good candidates for new facets of research studies, compared to using non-behavioral data, such as gender or race. The discoveries from this study emerged as both meaningful for understanding and measuring students' learning as well as actionable for decision making. The typologies may be added to existing educational strategies for both management and assessment of learning. (Contains 10 tables and 9 figures.)

This study aims to address learning outcomes from the perspective of learners. The research questions asked were: (1) What learner concentric ideas can be used to indicate the outcomes of learning? (2) How would the new learning outcome index be used to generate typologies? (3) What are the inner relationships of the typologies? and (4) How can the typologies be applied? The author argues that typology is fundamental to science, yet it is seriously underused and under-researched in social science. Only a handful of authors have worked on the subject, which has created an insurmountable gap between what has been done and what needs to happen. The study examined first-time college students enrolled in spring 1996 at a suburban college on the West coast with enrollment of 15,000 per semester. The study tracked the students for 6 years for their enrollment behavior, graduation status, and transfer status. The study theorizes that what may be important to the learner may not be important to the institution. The author argues that the "big three" (gender, age, race) are not good predictors of typologies, and that learners' behaviors as reflected by the OIndex are a better way of describing learner outcomes. (Contains 11 references.) (NB)

This paper introduces a new decision support tool, data mining, in the context of knowledge management. The most striking features of data mining techniques are clustering and prediction. The clustering aspect of data mining offers comprehensive characteristics analysis of students, while the predicting function estimates the likelihood for a variety of outcomes, such as transferability, persistence, retention, and success in classes. Compared to traditional analytical studies that are often hindsight and aggregate in nature, data mining is forward looking and is oriented to individual students. A real life project presents the work of data mining in predicting the possibility of return to school for every student currently enrolled at a community college in Silicon Valley. The project applies neural network techniques and two rule induction algorithms, C&RT and C5.0, to choose the best prediction followed by a clustering analysis using TwoStep. The list of students who are predicted as less likely to return to school by data mining is then turned over to faculty and management for direct and indirect intervention. The paper also discusses potential applications of data mining in higher education. The benefits of data mining are its ability to gain deeper understanding of the patterns previously unseen using current available reporting capacities. In addition, prediction from data mining allows the college an opportunity to act before a student drops out or to plan for resource allocation with confidence gained from knowing how many students will transfer or take a particular course. An appendix discusses Cross Industry Standard Procedures for Data Mining. (Contains 4 tables and 10 references.) (Author/SLD)

This document is a report on the data-matching findings of former students at Cabrillo College (California). The college used data from the National Student Clearinghouse (NSC) database and conducted data matching on 81,964 students who attended and left the community college from 1992 to 2001. Findings indicated that the transfer rates of students at the college have held steady or increased since 1996. About 25% of the students were shown to have transferred either to out-of-state four-year colleges or non-University of California (UC)/California State University (CSU) institutions. More than a third of the students were enrolled in a UC institution, with more than another third enrolled at a CSU institution. The report recommends that: (1) the California Community Colleges Chancellor's Office (CCCCO) should work with UC/CSU system offices to release to community colleges unitary data records beyond summary report for transfer improvement research; (2) individual colleges should be encouraged to use NSC data to report as their transfer counts; (3) policies should be established and research studies conducted on transfers to four-year non-UC/CSU institutions; (4) research should be conducted on the transferred students to better understand their academic behaviors; and (5) in conjunction with releasing identifiable information of the California Postsecondary Education Commission's transfers, the CCCCO should use its data warehouse to provide reports to individual colleges on multiple enrollment and units taken at each location. (MKF)

We study a five-dimensional perfect fluid coupled with Kaluza-Klein (KK) gravity. By dimensional reduction, a modified form of Maxwell's equation is obtained, which is relevant to the equation of state of the source. Since the relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and the 3-dimensional formulation are widely used to study space matter, we derive the modified Maxwell's equations and relativistic MHD in 3+1 form. We then take an ideal Fermi gas as an example to study the modified effect, which can be visible under high density or high energy condition, while the traditional Maxwell's equation can be regarded as a result in the low density and low temperature limit. We also indicate the possibility to test the state-relevant effect of KK theory in a telluric laboratory., Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures; version published in PRD

The report describes research strategies to explore the relationship between literacy and employment and to incorporate the influence of job skills with California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids (CalWORKs) students at Cabrillo College (California). The overall design tests the literacy and job skills of study participants before and after completing their program and then conducts a follow-up survey on their employment after leaving the program. Literacy would be measured with vocational assessments augmented by course and grade history. Job skills would be measured with vocational assessments developed locally and by a test developer. The employment follow-up would occur through the already existing efforts to track employment of vocational students. The study would run for five years. Results from this study would provide a detailed picture of the academic and vocational success of CalWORKs students in relation to their literacy and job skill levels. The data would show what qualities of the student most strongly predict employment, which is critical for program planners and students to know. For instance, the analysis would reveal whether basic skills or job skills differ in their influence on employability. The report also presents the results of a pilot study conducted to develop methods of attracting participants and to evaluate the assessment instruments. (Contains 14 references.) (JA)

This paper discusses data mining--an end-to-end (ETE) data analysis tool that is used by researchers in higher education. It also relates data mining and other software programs to a brand new concept called "Knowledge Management." The paper culminates in the Tier Knowledge Management Model (TKMM), which seeks to provide a stable structure with which to organize the plethora of established and nascent technologies. Data mining is a knowledge discovery process to reveal patterns and relationships in data via high-powered data modeling procedures. The field is in the process of being harmonized with statistics to provide researchers with a richer and more unified palate of analysis tools. The birth of data mining, however, has not completed the road map for research in higher education. With the development in data warehousing and data mining, the landscape for knowledge management has greatly changed. After extensive research and based on actual experience, a model for managing knowledge for research and planning is proposed to be the Tiered Knowledge Management Model (TKMM). A roadmap like TKMM may help guide the efforts for researchers to update their skills and choose the right tool. For example, the Project Management model explains what tool is best for which project. Addendum describes five steps to successful data mining. (Contains 13 references.) (JA)

The report presents the findings of the 1998 and 1999 follow-up studies of occupational program graduates from Cabrillo College (California) and of students who left the program before completion. The studies explored the core measures defined by Perkins Act reporting requirements and other measures, including the reasons students chose Cabrillo College and why they left if they did not complete the program, their satisfaction with the program, ideas for improvements, and employment and wage levels. Comparisons were made between completers of a program and leavers, or those who did not complete a program. Over 60% of completers stated their goal was to obtain a vocational certificate or degree as compared to 40% of leavers. Leavers stated lack of time, finances, job changes, and personal matters as top reasons for not continuing. Most respondents reported high satisfaction with all programs. Employment did not significantly differ by completion status. The 1998 survey suggested that completers earned significantly higher incomes than did leavers, but data from 1999 were inconclusive. Program completion, higher program satisfaction, and more variable work hours planned per term increased the probability of working in their field of study. Computer and interpersonal skills were stated as most needed after leaving Cabrillo with much variability by program. (JA)

In March 1996, California's Cabrillo College (CC) conducted a survey of students who were enrolled in spring 1995 or fall 1995 but did not return the following semesters. Questionnaires were mailed to 1,207 students, requesting information on whether they had achieved their educational goals, factors at CC that had influenced their decision not to re-enroll, and personal priorities that had prevented them from re-enrolling. Study findings, based on responses from 307 of the non-returning students, included the following: (1) educational goals cited by respondents included 106 students cited goals related to transfer education, 105 related to personal interest, 86 students cited goals related to receiving a certificate or associate degree, and 31 students cited goals related to occupational courses; (2) 89% of students with goals related to personal interest achieved their goal, compared to 66% of those with transfer-related goals, 58% of those with occupational course-related goals, and 36% of those with certificate or degree-related goals; (3) with respect to CC-related reasons that respondents did not return, 37% cited parking, 16% cited construction, 15% cited full classes, 15% cited problems with registration, and 12% cited a lack of child care; and (4) the two most common personal reasons for not re-enrolling were "financial reasons" and "needed time out of school," both cited by 20% of the respondents. Individual responses to open-ended questions and the survey instrument are appended. (HAA)

In 1995, Cabrillo College was one of 18 California community colleges to participate in a pilot study on the uses of Unemployment Insurance (UI) wage record data for tracking employment rates of former community college students. The employment status of students who left the college in 1990 and 1991 was reported for their last year in college, first year out of college, and third year out of college. Data were collected by linking student records available through the statewide Management Information System with UI wage records maintained in the Employment Development Department. Results included the following: (1) of the 17,115 students in the study, UI wage record data were available for 77% of the students in the year they last attended college, 74% of the students in their first year after leaving college, and 67% of the students in their third year after college; (2) for students under 25 years of age, the largest gain in salary (123.7%) occurred among students who had obtained a certificate or associate degree; (3) of the 12 majors studied, students in the fire protection, radiological technology, nursing, dental hygiene, electronic technology, computer science, and business programs earned over $20,000 their first year out of college; and (4) in the first year out of college, Latinos who completed a degree or certificate earned $29,071, compared to $22,664 for non-completing Latinos. (HAA)

Prepared as part of a needs assessment for the Watsonville Center of California's Cabrillo College, the three reports included in this document present findings from studies conducted of area high school students and CC students. The first report presents findings from a fall 1995 study of 1,234 students at California's Aptos High School and Watsonville High School regarding their educational goals and factors affecting their decision to enroll at CC. This report indicates that 42% cited CC as their first choice for college and that there was more interest in attending CC's main campus than the Center. The second report presents findings from a study of 407 CC students enrolled at the Watsonville Center in fall 1995 to determine their reasons for attending the Center, satisfaction with services, and interests in courses. Findings from this report indicate 69% of the students spoke Spanish as their first language and 22% said that they would not attend college at all if the Center did not exist. The final report presents findings from a longitudinal study of CC students who first enrolled in fall 1992, comparing outcomes through spring 1995 for students enrolled exclusively at the Watsonville Center, at both the Center and CC's main campus, and exclusively at the main campus. This report indicates that a majority of the students enrolled at the Center only were Hispanic and Center-only students were at a higher risk of dropping out. Survey instruments are included for the first two reports. Enrollment projections for 1995 to 2005 are appended. (HAA)

A study at Arizona State University investigated the relationships between types and amounts of student financial aid, student demographic and academic characteristics, persistence, and degree completion among 472 master's program students over a 4-year period from fall 1985 through summer 1989. Variables found to affect patterns included economic factors, age, research versus professional orientation, teaching assistantships, residency, and assistance type. (MSE)

In 1995, Cabrillo College, in California, conducted a survey of currently enrolled students to determine their perceptions of instruction, the availability of classes, student services, and the general climate of the college. Of the 1,750 students surveyed, 870 surveys were returned, with 830 of these analyzed for the study. Results included the following: (1) the average age of the respondents was 26, while 47% listed transferring as their reason for attending; (2) while only 33% reported holding professional jobs when they entered the college, 70% indicated that they desired to hold professional jobs after graduating; (3) 85.5% indicated that they had had no problem getting the classes that they wanted; (4) 9% were disabled, 53% of whom had a learning disability; (5) 38.8% reported being discriminated against at least once at the college because of their race, gender, age, or disability; (6) high ratings were given to instructors' skill levels and level of preparedness in the classroom; and (7) 10 of 19 student services rated by the students were found to be in need of improvement. Data tables summarizing responses related to student characteristics, perceptions of the availability of classes, favorite activities, reasons for attending, main sources of information on the college, and experiences with discrimination are included. English and Spanish versions of the survey instrument are appended. (HAA)

This report offers a consolidated systemwide analysis of key issues and recommendations for improvement of minority recruitment and retention at Arizona State Universities and an evaluation of progress toward achieving Arizona Board of Regents (ABOR) approved recruitment and graduation goals. A description of ABOR system goals notes three goals: (1) increase of new resident minority student enrollment at a compounded rate of 10 percent per year through fall 1992, (2) a 50 percent increase in the number of resident minority students receiving a Baccalaureate degree by 1993, and (3) targets established by each university to reach the system goals. The body of the report consists of three sections. Section One contains an analysis of under-represented ethnic minority participation in the Arizona University System (Arizona State University, Northern Arizona University, and the University of Arizona). Its focus is on enrollment and degree awarding. Section Two discusses the various programs supporting minority students, including financial aid programs and programs created at the institutional and state level. Section Three conducts a comparison of minority student representation in the Arizona University System and Arizona's General Population Distribution. (Author/JB)