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Eighty individuals attended a workshop which provided an opportunity to consider strategies and develop guidelines for improving and expanding vocational education opportunities for disadvantaged youth and adults. Presentations included in the document are: (1) "Handicapped and Disadvantaged Sections of Public Law 90-576" by John Wyllie, (2) "Highlighting the Nature of the Disadvantaged and Handicapped: Suggestions for Local Program Implementation" by Barbara Kemp, (3) "Who Are the Disadvantaged?" by Alvin Vaughn, (4) "Who Are the Handicapped?" by William Kology, (5) "What Can Be Done for Disadvantaged and Handicapped Persons Through Public Education Agencies" by Frank A. Morretti. Included in the document are summary statements by group discussion leaders. (JS)

This booklet was prepared by the American Vocational Association to meet the need for a common set of acceptable definitions for terminology used in vocational, technical, and practical arts education throughout the U.S. Included are approximately 269 definitions which were reviewed by professionals from all fields of vocational, technical, and practical arts education and evaluated by U.S. Office of Education representatives. (SB)

Educational research occupies a pivotal position as educators move to meet growing social challenges. Educational change must be a logical outcome of systematic, controlled, empirical, and critical investigation. Improvement of research is dependent upon increased interaction of research specialists and vocational educators. Some major recommendations concerned project review, the need for greater dissemination of research data, and the guarantee of full amounts of research funds offered by public laws. The vocational education amendments of 1968 designated use of research funds for: (1) research in vocational education, (2) training programs for research dissemination, (3) experimental, developmental, and pilot programs for projects, (4) demonstration and dissemination projects, (5) development of new vocational education curriculums, and (6) development of programs for new careers and occupations. Areas of proposed research were: (1) philosophical foundations of vocational education, (2) the process of vocational education, (3) preparation of professional personnel, (4) reorganization of the high school curriculum, (5) post-secondary development, (6) vocational guidance and curriculum development, (7) evaluation of vocational education, and (8) vocational education needs for girls and women. (DM)

Fifteen reviews in this issue pertaining to rural and urban disadvantaged youth are organized under six topics: (1) Manpower Reports reviews the 1967 and 1968 Presidential Manpower Reports and a report on national goals and manpower requirements, (2) Training youthful offenders treats correctional programs at the Lorton Youth Center and the New York City jail, (3) Curriculum Development Projects report projects devoted to basic vocational talents, remedial postsecondary education, citizenship education, and technical skills for disadvantaged union members, (4) Sociological Studies reviews studies of fathers' effects on boys' goals, vocational education problem solutions in Great Britain and the United States, equal employment opportunities, and management experience with these opportunities, and (5) Guidance and Training Centers outline two demonstration programs which combine several educational services for the benefit of disadvantaged students. "Plain Talk," a continuing column by the author, briefly discusses the importance of occupational education. The bibliography lists 29 related studies which are in progress. (EM)

Reviews of 17 studies relating to female vocational education are organized by topics: (1) "New Directions in Business Education" reports a program for scientific secretaries, the effects of interval pacing on typing skills, a task analysis of an office occupation cluster, and a 4-week preservice institute for office education teachers, (2) "Home Economics: In School and Community" describes an evaluation study of 12 pilot wage earning home economics classes, a film on homemaker service, and a 6-week child development summer institute for selected home economics teachers, (3) "Food Service Occupations" treats a national survey of nonbaccalaurate commercial food programs and an instructional materials development project for food service occupations, (4) "Career Opportunities in Health Services" reports a survey of practical nurses in Illinois, a study of programs for biomedical equipment technology, a workshop for practical nursing teachers, guidelines for program planning in health technology, and curriculums for medical record technicians and teachers of medical lab assistant programs, (5) "Career Patterns for Women" reviews a project and a bibliography on this topic. "Plain Talk," a continuing column, provides evaluative comments on the items reviewed. The bibliography lists 12 related studies which are in progress. (EM)

NINETEEN REVIEWS IN THIS ISSUE PERTAIN TO VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE AND ARE ORGANIZED BY TOPICS--(1) "SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY IN GUIDANCE" REVIEWS AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF INFORMATION PROCESSING PROCEDURES AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN GUIDANCE, AND A CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT FOR VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE, (2) "CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORY AND PRACTICE" TREATS GUIDANCE CURRICULUM PLANNING AND A CAREER SIMULATION GAME, (3) "COUNSELOR TRAINING PROGRAMS AND INSTITUTES" DESCRIBES NINE COUNSELOR TRAINING PROGRAMS, (4) "REGIONAL RESOURCES" DESCRIBES THE SAN DIEGO CAREER INFORMATION CENTER, AND (5) "EXPERIMENTS AND DEVELOPMENTAL STUDIES" REVIEWS A CREATIVE THINKING TEST VALIDATION STUDY, THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INSTRUMENT TO MEASURE ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVES IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, GUIDELINES FOR RESEARCH AND PRACTICE IN GUIDANCE, AN INSTRUMENT TO APPRAISE SOCIAL READINESS FOR EMPLOYMENT, AND A STUDY OF JUNIOR COLLEGE STUDENTS IN OCCUPATIONAL EDUCATION. "PLAIN TALK," A CONTINUING COLUMN, DISCUSSES SOME GAPS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE GUIDANCE PHASE OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND WARNS THAT RELIANCE ON MAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS MAY CAUSE COUNSELORS TO LOSE THEIR ABILITY TO RELATE TO STUDENTS, RECOMMENDS MORE EMPHASIS ON THE THEORETICAL RATIONALE OF COUNSELING, AND POINTS OUT THAT THE JOB PLACEMENT PHASE HAD BEEN NEGLECTED. THE BIBLIOGRAPHY LISTS 16 RELATED STUDIES WHICH ARE IN PROCESS. THIS ARTICLE IS PUBLISHED IN THE "AMERICAN VOCATIONAL JOURNAL," VOLUME 43, NUMBER 3, MARCH 1968. (EM)

NINETEEN REVIEWS IN THIS ISSUE PERTAIN TO LEADERSHIP AND ADMINISTRATION, ONE OF THE MAJOR AREAS OF CONCERN IDENTIFIED BY THE PANEL OF CONSULTANTS ON VOCATIONAL EDUCATION. THEY ARE ORGANIZED BY TOPICS--(1) "LEADERSHIP TRAINING, WORKSHOPS, AND INSTITUTES" TREATS AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM ON OCCUPATIONAL EDUCATION, A HOME ECONOMICS WORKSHOP, A DOCTORAL PROGRAM SYMPOSIUM, AND SIX LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT MEETINGS, (2) "COSTS AND BENEFITS OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION" DISCUSSES WAGE DIFFERENCES, COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS, AND COSTS AND RETURNS OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, (3) "STATE ADMINISTRATION" DESCRIBES MICHIGAN'S LEADERSHIP PROGRAM, INSTRUMENTS USED IN STUDYING STATE AGENCIES, AND CRITERIA FOR SELF-ANALYSIS FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, AND (4) "STUDIES OF GENERAL INTEREST TO ADMINISTRATORS" INCLUDES A POST-WAR EXAMINATION OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL FISCAL RELATIONS, SOCIAL FACTORS IN SLUMS, AND IMPLICATIONS OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION FOR COMPANY PLANT SITE SELECTION. "PLAIN TALK," A CONTINUING COLUMN, DISCUSSES LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TWO OF THE REVIEWED STUDIES. THE BIBLIOGRAPHY LISTS EIGHT RELATED STUDIES WHICH ARE IN PROCESS. THIS ARTICLE IS PUBLISHED IN THE "AMERICAN VOCATIONAL JOURNAL," VOLUME 43, NUMBER 4, APRIL 1968. (EM)

TWELVE RESEARCH REVIEWS IN THIS ISSUE PERTAIN TO YOUTH AND ADULTS UNEMPLOYED OR AT WORK, ONE OF THE MAJOR AREAS OF CONCERN IDENTIFIED BY THE PANEL OF CONSULTANTS ON VOCATIONAL EDUCATION. THEY ARE ORGANIZED UNDER THE TOPICS--(1) EXPANDING EDUCATION AND TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES WHICH INCLUDES PATTERNS OF ADULT INFORMATION SEEKING, PREDICTION OF MANPOWER AND DEVELOPMENT TRAINING ACT PROGRAM OUTCOMES, AND TRAINING OF HOME ECONOMISTS FOR WORK WITH ADULTS, (2) INNOVATIVE PROGRAMS WHICH INCLUDES ADULT TRAINING AND RETRAINING, INFLUENCES OF SELECTED FACTORS ON ADULT TRAINING, AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND GUIDANCE KNOWLEDGE NEEDED BY MOTHERS AND CHILD CARE WORKERS, (3) EXPANDING AND IMPROVING APPRENTICE PROGRAMS WHICH TREATS NEGRO PARTICIPATION IN APPRENTICE PROGRAMS, (4) UTILIZING TOTAL EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES WHICH INCLUDES FUNCTIONAL ILLITERATES IN ALABAMA, ADULT LITERACY MATERIALS AND PROGRAMS, AND A SPANISH LANGUAGE ADULT INTELLIGENCE SCALE, AND (5) GUIDANCE AND PLACEMENT SERVICES WHICH INCLUDES CAREER DEVELOPMENT, DROPOUT IDENTIFICATION AND PREVENTION, AND VARIABLES INVOLVED IN JOB SUCCESS OR FAILURE. "PLAIN TALK," A CONTINUING COLUMN BY THE AUTHOR, DISCUSSES ASPECTS OF ADULT EDUCATION SUCH AS RESEARCH NEEDED AS A BASIS FOR DETERMINING ADULT VOCATIONAL EDUCATION OFFERINGS AND CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING SUCH PROGRAMS AND PROBLEMS OF INITIATING EFFECTIVE PROGRAMS. THE BIBLIOGRAPHY LISTS 17 RELATED STUDIES WHICH ARE IN PROGRESS. THIS ARTICLE IS PUBLISHED IN THE "AMERICAN VOCATIONAL JOURNAL," VOLUME 42, NUMBER 12, DECEMBER 1967. (EM)

FOURTEEN RESEARCH REVIEWS IN THIS ISSUE PERTAIN TO METHODS OF ATTAINING TEACHING EXCELLENCE, ONE OF THE MAJOR AREAS OF CONCERN IDENTIFIED BY THE PANEL OF CONSULTANTS ON VOCATIONAL EDUCATION. THEY ARE ORGANIZED UNDER THE TOPICS--(1) VOCATIONAL TEACHER RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION WHICH TREATS TRADE COMPETENCY EXAMINATIONS, RETIRING MILITARY PERSONNEL, AND VOCATIONAL TEACHER RESOURCES, (2) INSERVICE SEMINARS AND WORKSHOPS WHICH INCLUDES COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION, TEACHING FOOD SERVICE PROGRAMS, OFFICE OCCUPATIONS TEACHERS, AND NEW MEDIA OF INSTRUCTION, (3) EXPANDING VOCATIONAL TEACHER TRAINING ACTIVITIES WHICH INCLUDES A TEACHER TECHNOLOGY CENTER, TRAINING PROGRAMS IN HOME ECONOMICS, TECHNICAL PROGRAMS IN VOCATIONAL AGRICULTURE, AND TRADE-TECHNICAL TEACHERS, AND (4) PILOT AND DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS WHICH INCLUDES DENTAL ASSISTING TRAINING AND TEACHERS, AND COMMUNICATION LINKED TECHNIQUES. "PLAIN TALK," A CONTINUING COLUMN BY THE AUTHOR, ASKS WHY MORE RESEARCH HAS NOT BEEN INITIATED WHICH ATTEMPTS TO ANALYZE THE ROLE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF THE VARIOUS COMPONENTS INVOLVED IN THE PREPARATION O TEACHERS. THE BIBLIOGRAPHY LISTS 20 RELATED STUDIES WHICH ARE IN PROGRESS. THIS ARTICLE IS PUBLISHED IN THE "AMERICAN VOCATIONAL JOURNAL," VOLUME 43, NUMBER 1, JANUARY 1968. (EM)

TWELVE RESEARCH REVIEWS IN THIS ISSUE PERTAIN TO YOUTH WITH SPECIAL NEEDS, ONE OF THE NINE MAJOR AREAS OF CONCERN IDENTIFIED BY THE PANEL OF CONSULTANTS ON VOCATIONAL EDUCATION. THEY ARE ORGANIZED UNDER THE TOPICS--(1) OCCUPATIONALLY ORIENTED PROGRAMS WHICH INCLUDES IDENTIFICATION OF WORK CONCEPTS, (2) COOPERATIVE SCHOOL AND WORK PROGRAMS, WHICH INCLUDES EXPERIMENTAL INSTITUTE FOR TEACHER COORDINATORS, (3) DIVERSITY AND FLEXIBILITY, WHICH INCLUDES A HOME ECONOMICS CONFERENCE ON DISADVANTAGED YOUTH AND EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS PACKAGES, (4) VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE WHICH INCLUDES A DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAM FOR VOCATIONAL COUNSELORS, AND COLORADO DROPOUT PROJECT, (5) SPECIALLY TRAINED TEACHERS WHICH INCLUDES A TEACHER INSTITUTE FOR RURAL TEACHERS OF THE DISADVANTAGED, AND (6) EXPERIMENTAL AND PILOT PROGRAMS WHICH INCLUDES TEACHER TRAINING IN REINFORCEMENT TECHNIQUES AND INITIAL EMPLOYMENT OF SCHOOL LEAVERS. THREE ITEMS RELATE TO THE SEPTEMBER ISSUE'S SECTION ON HIGH SCHOOL AGE YOUTH AND DEAL WITH SMALL HIGH SCHOOLS, SPECIALIZED INSTRUCTORS, AND EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMS. THE BIBLIOGRAPHY LISTS THREE OTHER COMPLETED STUDIES AND 35 STUDIES IN PROCESS. "PLAIN TALK," A CONTINUING COLUMN BY THE AUTHOR, DEALS WITH UNANSWERED RESEARCH QUESTIONS RELATIVE TO DISADVANTAGED YOUTH. THIS ARTICLE IS PUBLISHED IN THE "AMERICAN VOCATIONAL JOURNAL," VOLUME 42, NUMBER 11, NOVEMBER 1967. (EM)

The term cooperative education is generally associated with a school and work program in which student-learners receive supervised payroll experience as part of the school curriculum. Steps in planning a program include surveys of community resources, student aspirations, and existing curriculums, and evaluation in terms of the criteria for approval for state and federal reimbursement. Selections of employers and establishments must be conducted carefully to assure maximum benefit to both parties, and it is also imperative to be familiar with the legal requirements for employment and training such as certification, insurance, and licensing. Related instruction is of two types--information pertaining to skills and knowledge in a particular occupation, and information on personal, community, and occupational problems. In addition to reviewing these aspects of cooperative education, the document devotes a section to the problems and procedures common to day-to-day program operation. (CD)

Prepared to serve as a resource manual for educators as well as informative reading for the general public, this first yearbook explores a wide range of views, topics, and trends of current importance in the field of vocational education. The authors were particularly concerned with the philosophy of vocational education as expressed in the Declaration of Purpose of the 1968 Amendments. Chapters include: (1) Philosophical Aspects of Vocational Education, (2) Equipping All Persons for a Productive Life, (3) People, Jobs and the Vocational Education Curriculum, (4) Comprehensive Research and Planning and Vocational Education, (5) Schools, Programs and Systems: The Delivery of Vocational Education, (6) A New Perspective for Education, (7) Cooperative Education and Other Forms of School-Community Involvement, (8) The Professional Development of Vocational Educators, (9) The Economic Role of Vocational Education, and (10) Evaluation, Accreditation and Accountability in Education. (Author/JS)

SIXTEEN RESEARCH REVIEWS IN THIS ISSUE PERTAIN TO CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT AND INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS, ONE OF THE MAJOR AREAS OF CONCERN IDENTIFIED BY THE PANEL OF CONSULTANTS ON VOCATIONAL EDUCATION. THEY ARE ORGANIZED UNDER THE TOPICS--(1) CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTES AND LABORATORIES WHICH INCLUDES SUMMER INSTITUTES ON FLUID POWER, CONFERENCES ON OCCUPATIONAL DATA FOR EDUCATIONAL PLANNING, AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORY AND RESEARCH FOR THE SCHOOL CURRICULUM, (2) NEW VOCATIONAL CURRICULUM PROGRAMS WHICH INCLUDES VOCATIONAL AGRICULTURE CURRICULUM CHANGE, INDUSTRIAL ARTS CURRICULUM PROJECT TELEVISION INSTRUCTION, SALES SKILLS, GROUNDSMAN-GARDENER TRAINING, THE CLUSTER CONCEPT, CHANGES IN SHORTHAND, STENOGRAPHY COURSE DEVELOPMENT, TECHNICAL EDUCATION CURRICULUMS, AND BUILDING DESIGN SEMINAR, (3) NEW FORMS OF EDUCATIONAL MEDIA WHICH INCLUDES THE RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF BLOCKED VERSUS SPACED REVIEW WITH PROGRAMED INSTRUCTION, AND (4) EMERGING PROGRAMS BEYOND HIGH SCHOOL WHICH INCLUDES ELECTRONICS CONTENT ANALYSIS AND A DESCRIPTION OF A REMEDIAL INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY CURRICULUM PROGRAM FOR DISADVANTAGED HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS. "PLAIN TALK," A CONTINUING COLUMN BY THE AUTHOR, REITERATES HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE REVIEWS AND ASKS QUESTIONS RELATIVE TO SHORTCOMINGS AND DIRECTIONS OF OCCUPATIONAL EDUCATION. THE BIBLIOGRAPHY LISTS 22 RELATED STUDIES WHICH ARE IN PROGRESS. THIS ARTICLE IS PUBLISHED IN THE "AMERICAN VOCATIONAL JOURNAL," VOLUME 43, NUMBER 2, FEBRUARY 1968. (EM)