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1. AIomics: exploring more of the proteome using mass spectral libraries extended by AI

Author: Geer, Lewis Y., Lapin, Joel, Slotta, Douglas J., Mak, Tytus D., and Stein, Stephen E.
Subjects: Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
Abstract: The unbounded permutations of biological molecules, including proteins and their constituent peptides, presents a dilemma in identifying the components of complex biosamples. Sequence search algorithms used to identify peptide spectra can be expanded to cover larger classes of molecules, including more modifications, isoforms, and atypical cleavage, but at the cost of false positives or false negatives due to the simplified spectra they compute from sequence records. Spectral library searching can help solve this issue by precisely matching experimental spectra to library spectra with excellent sensitivity and specificity. However, compiling spectral libraries that span entire proteomes is pragmatically difficult. Neural networks that predict complete spectra containing a full range of annotated and unannotated ions can be used to replace these simplified spectra with libraries of fully predicted spectra, including modified peptides. Using such a network, we created predicted spectral libraries that were used to rescore matches from a sequence search done over a large search space, including a large number of modifications. Rescoring improved the separation of true and false hits by 82%, yielding an 8% increase in peptide identifications, including a 21% increase in nonspecifically cleaved peptides and a 17% increase in phosphopeptides.
Published: 2023

2. Source of pure proton beams

Author: Golubev, S. V., Izotov, I. V., Skalyga, V. A., Vybin, S. S., Kiseleva, E. M., Lapin, R. L., Razin, S. V., Bokhanov, A. F., Kazakov, M. Yu., and Shlepnev, S. P.
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract: In the quasi-gasdynamic high-current ion source described in this work, the plasma is sustained by high-power millimeter-wave radiation under the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) condition. In such facilities, it is possible to achieve high volumetric energy input of up to $250$ $W/cm^3$ and obtain pure proton beams with a minimum amount of impurities and molecular ions. Experiments conducted on the GISMO facility demonstrated the possibility of a proton beam formation with a current of $50$ mA and an extremely high ($99.9$\%) content of atomic ions.
Published: 2023

3. Contrastive Language-Action Pre-training for Temporal Localization

Author: Xu, Mengmeng, Gundogdu, Erhan, Lapin, Maksim, Ghanem, Bernard, Donoser, Michael, and Bazzani, Loris
Subjects: Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract: Long-form video understanding requires designing approaches that are able to temporally localize activities or language. End-to-end training for such tasks is limited by the compute device memory constraints and lack of temporal annotations at large-scale. These limitations can be addressed by pre-training on large datasets of temporally trimmed videos supervised by class annotations. Once the video encoder is pre-trained, it is common practice to freeze it during fine-tuning. Therefore, the video encoder does not learn temporal boundaries and unseen classes, causing a domain gap with respect to the downstream tasks. Moreover, using temporally trimmed videos prevents to capture the relations between different action categories and the background context in a video clip which results in limited generalization capacity. To address these limitations, we propose a novel post-pre-training approach without freezing the video encoder which leverages language. We introduce a masked contrastive learning loss to capture visio-linguistic relations between activities, background video clips and language in the form of captions. Our experiments show that the proposed approach improves the state-of-the-art on temporal action localization, few-shot temporal action localization, and video language grounding tasks., Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2022

4. Arithmetic logical Irreversibility and the Turing's Halt Problem

Author: Lapin, Yair
Subjects: Computer Science - Other Computer Science
Abstract: The Turing machine halting problem can be explained by several factors, including arithmetic logic irreversibility and memory erasure, which contribute to computational uncertainty due to information loss during computation. Essentially, this means that an algorithm can only preserve information about an input, rather than generate new information. This uncertainty arises from characteristics such as arithmetic logical irreversibility, Landauer's principle, and memory erasure, which ultimately lead to a loss of information and an increase in entropy. To measure this uncertainty and loss of information, the concept of arithmetic logical entropy can be used. The Turing machine and its equivalent, general recursive functions can be understood through the {\lambda} calculus and the Turing/Church thesis. However, there are certain recursive functions that cannot be fully understood or predicted by other algorithms due to the loss of information during logical-arithmetic operations. In other words, the behaviour of these functions cannot be completely determined at every stage of the computation due to a lack of information in their definition. While there are some cases where the behaviour of recursive functions is highly predictable, the lack of information in most cases makes it impossible for algorithms to determine if a program will halt or not. This inability to predict the outcome of the computation is the essence of the halting problem of the Turing machine. Even in cases where more information is available about the program, it is still difficult to determine with certainty if the program will halt or not. This also highlights the importance of the Turing oracle machine, which introduces information from outside the computation to compensate for the lack of information and ultimately decide the result of the computation., Comment: New version , thesis fixed due to some problems in the original work. This is different version of the original thesis
Published: 2022

5. High Power Vacuum Ultraviolet Source Based on Gasdynamic ECR Plasma

Author: Lapin, R. L., Skalyga, V. A., Golubev, S. V., Izotov, I. V., and Razin, S. V.
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: We report experimental results of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) emission from the plasma of an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) discharge in hydrogen, sustained by powerful millimeter-wavelength radiation of a gyrotron. Distinctive features of the considered discharge are the high plasma density ($10^{13}$ cm$^{-3}$ order of magnitude) and, at the same time, the high electron average energy ($10 - 300$ eV), which makes it possible to significantly increase the efficiency of VUV re-emission of the energy deposited into the plasma by the microwave radiation. Experiments were performed with the plasma confined in a simple mirror trap and heated by pulsed gyrotron radiation $37.5$ GHz / $100$ kW under the ECR condition. The measured volumetric VUV emission power of Lyman-alpha line ($122 \pm 10$ nm) overlapping with the Werner band, Lyman band ($160 \pm 10$ nm), and molecular continuum ($180 \pm 20$ nm) reached $45$, $25$, and $55$ W/cm$^3$, respectively. The total absolute radiation power in these three ranges integrated over the plasma volume is estimated to be $22$ kW i.e. $22$% of the incident microwave power, which matches theoretical predictions. Further optimization of the conditions of the ECR hydrogen discharge sustained by powerful gyrotron radiation provides an opportunity for the development of effective technological VUV sources of a kilowatt power level.
Published: 2021
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6. Study of Gasdynamic Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma Vacuum Ultraviolet Emission to Optimize Negative Hydrogen Ion Production Efficiency

Author: Lapin, R. L., Skalyga, V. A., Izotov, I., Razin, S. V., Shaposhnikov, R. A., Vybin, S. S., Bokhanov, A. F., Kazakov, M. Yu., and Tarvainen, O.
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: Negative hydrogen ion sources are used as injectors into accelerators and drive the neutral beam heating in ITER. Certain processes in low-temperature hydrogen plasmas are accompanied by the emission of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) emission. Studying the VUV radiation therefore provides volumetric rates of plasma-chemical processes and plasma parameters. In the past we have used gasdynamic ECR discharge for volumetric negative ion production and investigated the dependencies between the extracted H$^-$ current density and various ion source parameters. It was shown that it is possible to reach up to 80 mA/cm$^2$ of negative ion current density with a two electrode extraction. We report experimental studies on negative hydrogen ion production in a high-density gasdynamic ECR discharge plasma consisting of two simple mirror traps together with the results of VUV emission measurements. The VUV-power was measured in three ranges -- Ly$_\alpha$, Lyman band and molecular continuum -- varying the source control parameters near their optima for H$^-$ production. It was shown that the molecular continuum emission VUV power is the highest in the first chamber while Ly$_\alpha$ emission prevails in the second one. Modifications for the experimental scheme for further optimization of negative hydrogen ion production are suggested.
Published: 2019
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7. A Powerful Pulsed 'Point-Like' Neutron Source Based on the High-Current ECR Ion Source

Author: Skalyga, Vadmin, Golubev, Sergey, Izotov, Ivan, Shaposhnikov, Roman, Razin, Sergey, Sidorov, Alexander, Bokhanov, Aleksey, Kazakov, Mikhail, Lapin, Roman, and Vybin, Sergey
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: The paper presents recent results of a "point-like" neutron source development based on a D-D fusion in a D-loaded target caused by its bombardment with a sharply focused deuterium ion beam. These developments are undergoing at the Institute of Applied Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences in order to study a possibility to create an effective and compact device for fast-neutron radiography. Last experiments with a beam produced by a gasdynamic high-current ECR ion source and its focusing with magnetic lens demonstrated that 60 mA of deuterium ions may be constricted to a transversal size of ~1 mm at the focal plane. With a purpose to improve this result in terms of the beam current and its size a combined electrostatic and magnetic focusing system is proposed and analysed. It is shown that combined system may enhance the total beam current and reduce its footprint down to 0.13 mm. All numerical analysis was performed using the IBSimu code.
Published: 2019
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8. Wide-Aperture Dense Plasma Fluxes Production Based on ECR Discharge in a Single Solenoid Magnetic Field

Author: Skalyga, Vadim, Golubev, Sergey, Izotov, Ivan, Shaposhnikov, Roman, Razin, Sergey, Sidorov, Alexander, Bokhanov, Aleksey, Kazakov, Mikhail, Lapin, Roman, and Vybin, Sergey
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: Results of experimental investigation of the ECR discharge in a single coil magnetic field as an alternative to RF and helicon discharges for wide-aperture dense plasma fluxes production are presented. A possibility of obtaining wide-aperture high density hydrogen plasma fluxes with homogenous transverse distribution was demonstrated in such a system. The prospects of using this system for obtaining high current ion beams are discussed., Comment: Contributed paper at Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Ion Sources
Published: 2019
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9. The homotopy invariance of dihedral homology of involutive $A_\infty$-algebras over rings

Author: Lapin, S. V.
Subjects: Mathematics - Algebraic Topology, Mathematics - K-Theory and Homology
Abstract: The dihedral homology functor $HD:A_\infty^{{\rm inv}}(K)\to GrM(K)$ from the category $A_\infty^{{\rm inv}}(K)$ of involutive $A_\infty$-algebras over any commutative unital ring $K$ to the category $GrM(K)$ of graded $K$-modules is constructed. Further, it is showed that this functor sends homotopy equivalences of involutive $A_\infty$-algebras into isomorphisms of graded modules., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1905.10991, arXiv:1809.07510
Published: 2019

10. The homotopy invariance of cyclic homology of $A_\infty$-algebras over rings

Author: Lapin, S. V.
Subjects: Mathematics - Algebraic Topology, Mathematics - K-Theory and Homology
Abstract: In the present paper the cyclic homology functor from the category of $A_\infty$-algebras over any commutative unital ring $K$ to the category of graded $K$-modules is constructed. Further, it is showed that this functor sends homotopy equivalences of $A_\infty$-algebras into isomorphisms of graded modules. As a corollary, it is obtained that the cyclic homology of an $A_\infty$-algebra over any field is isomorphic to the cyclic homology of the $A_\infty$-algebra of homologies for the source $A_\infty$-algebra.
Published: 2019

11. The tensor functor from the category of $A_\infty$-algebras into the category of differential modules with $\infty$-simplicial faces

Author: Lapin, S. V.
Subjects: Mathematics - Algebraic Topology, Mathematics - K-Theory and Homology
Abstract: The tensor functor from the category of $A_\infty$-algebras into the category of differential modules with $\infty$-simplicial faces is constructed. Further, it is showed that this functor sends homotopy equivalent $A_\infty$-algebras into homotopy equivalent differential modules with $\infty$-simplicial faces.
Published: 2019

12. Neutron Stars in frames of $R^{2}$-gravity and Gravitational Waves

Author: Astashenok, Artyom V., Baigashov, Alexey S., and Lapin, Sergey A.
Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: The realistic models of neutron stars are considered for simple $R+\alpha R^2$ gravity and equivalent Brance-Dicke theory with dilaton field in Einsein frame. For negative values of $\alpha$ we have no acceptable results from astrophysical viewpoint: the resulting solution for spherical stars doesn't coincide with Schwarzschild solution on spatial infinity. The mass of star from viewpoint of distant observer tends to very large values. For $\alpha>0$ it is possible to obtain solutions with required asymptotics and well-defined star mass. The mass confined by stellar surface decreases with increasing of $\alpha$ but we have some contribution to mass from gravitational sphere appearing outside the star. The resulting effect is increasing of gravitational mass from viewpoint of distant observer. But another interpretation take place in a case of equivalent Brance-Dicke theory with massless dilaton field in Einstein frame. The mass of star increases due to contribution of dilaton field inside the star. We also considered the possible constraints on $R^{2}$ gravity from GW 170817 data. According to results of Bauswein et al. the lower limit on threshold mass is $2.74^{+0.04}_{-0.01}$ $M_{\odot}$. This allows to exclude some equations of state for dense matter. But in $R^2$ gravity the threshold mass increases for given equation of state with increasing of $\alpha$. In principle it can helps in future discriminate between General Relativity and square gravity (of course one need to know equation of state with more accuracy rather than now., Comment: 12 pp., accepted in IJGMMP
Published: 2018
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13. Dihedral and reflexive modules with $\infty$-simplicial faces and dihedral and reflexive homology of involutive $A_\infty$-algebras over unital commutative rings

Author: Lapin, S. V.
Subjects: Mathematics - Algebraic Topology, Mathematics - K-Theory and Homology
Abstract: The concepts of a dihedral and a reflexive module with $\infty$-simplicial faces are introduced. For each involutive $A_\infty$-algebra, the dihedral and the reflexive tensor modules with $\infty$-simplicial faces are constructed. On the basis of dihedral and reflexive modules with $\infty$-simplicial faces that defined by an involutive $A_\infty$-algebra the constructions of the dihedral and the reflexive homology of involutive $A_\infty$-algebras over any unital commutative rings are given. The conception of an involutive homotopy unital $A_\infty$-algebra is introduced. A long exact sequence that connecting the dihedral and the reflexive homology of involutive homotopically unital $A_\infty$-algebras over any unital commutative rings is constructed.
Published: 2018

14. Differential modules with $\infty$-simplicial faces and $A_\infty$-algebras

Author: Lapin, S. V.
Subjects: Mathematics - Algebraic Topology
Abstract: In the present paper, by using the colored version of the Koszul duality, the concept of a differential module with $\infty$-simplicial faces is introduced. The homotopy invariance of the structure of a differential module with $\infty$-simplicial faces is proved. The relationships between differential modules with $\infty$-simplicial faces and $A_\infty$-algebras are established. The notion of a chain realization of a differential module with $\infty$-simplicial faces and the concept of a tensor product of differential modules with $\infty$-simplicial faces are introduced. It is proved that for an arbitrary $A_\infty$-algebra the chain realization of the tensor differential module with $\infty$-simplicial faces, which corresponds to this $A_\infty$-algebra, and the $B$-construction of this $A_\infty$-algebra are isomorphic differential coalgebras.
Published: 2018

15. Accuracy of the Muskingum-Cunge method for constant-parameter diffusion-wave channel routing with lateral inflow

Author: Wang, Li, Lapin, Sergey, Wu, Joan Q., Elliot, William J., and Fiedler, Fritz R.
Subjects: Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract: Channel routing is important in flood forecasting and watershed modeling. The general constant-parameter Muskingum-Cunge (CPMC) method is second-order accurate and easy to implement. With specific discretizations such that the temporal and spatial intervals maintain a unique relationship, the CPMC method can be third-order accurate. In this paper, we derive the average lateral inflow term in the second- and third-order accuracy CPMC method, and demonstrate that For spatially and temporally variable lateral inflow, the effect of lateral inflow on simulated discharge varies with spatial and temporal discretizations, the value and spatial and temporal variations of lateral inflow, wave celerity, and diffusion coefficient. Comparison of the CPMC solution with the analytical solution shows that both the second- and third-order accuracy schemes are more accurate than the simplified method by which spatial derivatives of lateral inflow are ignored. For small time steps, the third-order accuracy CPMC method results in higher accuracy than the second-order scheme even when the third-order accuracy criterion is not fully met. For large time steps, the temporal and spatial discretization of the third- and second-order scheme becomes the same, but the third-order scheme yields higher accuracy than the second-order scheme because of the third-order accurate estimation of the lateral inflow term.
Published: 2018

16. Defect-Free Carbon Nanotube Coils

Author: Shadmi, Nitzan, Kremen, Anna, Frenkel, Yiftach, Lapin, Zachary J., Machado, Leonardo D., Legoas, Sergio B., Bitton, Ora, Rechav, Katya, Popovitz-Biro, Ronit, Galvão, Douglas S., Jorio, Ado, Novotny, Lukas, Kalisky, Beena, and Joselevich, Ernesto
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract: Carbon nanotubes are promising building blocks for various nanoelectronic components. A highly desirable geometry for such applications is a coil. However, coiled nanotube structures reported so far were inherently defective or had no free ends accessible for contacting. Here we demonstrate the spontaneous self-coiling of single-wall carbon nanotubes into defect-free coils of up to more than 70 turns with identical diameter and chirality, and free ends. We characterize the structure, formation mechanism, and electrical properties of these coils by different microscopies, molecular dynamics simulations, Raman spectroscopy, and electrical and magnetic measurements. The coils are highly conductive, as expected for defect-free carbon nanotubes, but adjacent nanotube segments in the coil are more highly coupled than in regular bundles of single-wall carbon nanotubes, owing to their perfect crystal momentum matching, which enables tunneling between the turns. Although this behavior does not yet enable the performance of these nanotube coils as inductive devices, it does point a clear path for their realization. Hence, this study represents a major step toward the production of many different nanotube coil devices, including inductors, electromagnets, transformers, and dynamos.
Published: 2018
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17. Analysis and Optimization of Loss Functions for Multiclass, Top-k, and Multilabel Classification

Author: Lapin, Maksim, Hein, Matthias, and Schiele, Bernt
Subjects: Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Learning, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract: Top-k error is currently a popular performance measure on large scale image classification benchmarks such as ImageNet and Places. Despite its wide acceptance, our understanding of this metric is limited as most of the previous research is focused on its special case, the top-1 error. In this work, we explore two directions that shed more light on the top-k error. First, we provide an in-depth analysis of established and recently proposed single-label multiclass methods along with a detailed account of efficient optimization algorithms for them. Our results indicate that the softmax loss and the smooth multiclass SVM are surprisingly competitive in top-k error uniformly across all k, which can be explained by our analysis of multiclass top-k calibration. Further improvements for a specific k are possible with a number of proposed top-k loss functions. Second, we use the top-k methods to explore the transition from multiclass to multilabel learning. In particular, we find that it is possible to obtain effective multilabel classifiers on Pascal VOC using a single label per image for training, while the gap between multiclass and multilabel methods on MS COCO is more significant. Finally, our contribution of efficient algorithms for training with the considered top-k and multilabel loss functions is of independent interest.
Published: 2016

18. Polyyne Electronic and Vibrational Properties under Environmental Interactions

Author: Wanko, M., Cahangirov, Seymur, Shi, Lei, Rohringer, Philip, Lapin, Zachary J., Novotny, Lukas, Ayala, Paola, Pichler, Thomas, and Rubio, Angel
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract: Recently, the novel system of linear carbon chains inside of double-walled carbon nanotubes has extended the length of $sp^1$ hybridized carbon chains from 44 to thousands of atoms [L. Shi et al., Nat. Mater. 15, 634 (2016)]. The optoelectronic properties of these ultra-long chains are poorly described by current theoretical models, which are based on short chain experimental data and assume a constant environment. As such, a physical understanding of the system in terms of charge transfer and van der Waals interactions is widely missing. We provide a reference for the intrinsic Raman frequency of polyynes in vacuo and explicitly describe the interactions between polyynes and carbon nanotubes. We find that van der Waals interactions strongly shift the Raman frequency, which has been neither expected nor addressed before. As a consequence of charge transfer from the tube to the chain, the Raman response of long chains is qualitatively different from the known phonon dispersion of polymers close to the $\Gamma$-point. Based on these findings we show how to correctly interpret the Raman data, considering the nanotube's properties. This is essential for its use as an analytical tool to optimize the growth process for future applications., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, Supplemental Material (6 pages, 3 figures). Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
Published: 2016
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19. Loss Functions for Top-k Error: Analysis and Insights

Author: Lapin, Maksim, Hein, Matthias, and Schiele, Bernt
Subjects: Statistics - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Learning
Abstract: In order to push the performance on realistic computer vision tasks, the number of classes in modern benchmark datasets has significantly increased in recent years. This increase in the number of classes comes along with increased ambiguity between the class labels, raising the question if top-1 error is the right performance measure. In this paper, we provide an extensive comparison and evaluation of established multiclass methods comparing their top-k performance both from a practical as well as from a theoretical perspective. Moreover, we introduce novel top-k loss functions as modifications of the softmax and the multiclass SVM losses and provide efficient optimization schemes for them. In the experiments, we compare on various datasets all of the proposed and established methods for top-k error optimization. An interesting insight of this paper is that the softmax loss yields competitive top-k performance for all k simultaneously. For a specific top-k error, our new top-k losses lead typically to further improvements while being faster to train than the softmax., Comment: In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2016
Published: 2015

20. Top-k Multiclass SVM

Author: Lapin, Maksim, Hein, Matthias, and Schiele, Bernt
Subjects: Statistics - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Learning
Abstract: Class ambiguity is typical in image classification problems with a large number of classes. When classes are difficult to discriminate, it makes sense to allow k guesses and evaluate classifiers based on the top-k error instead of the standard zero-one loss. We propose top-k multiclass SVM as a direct method to optimize for top-k performance. Our generalization of the well-known multiclass SVM is based on a tight convex upper bound of the top-k error. We propose a fast optimization scheme based on an efficient projection onto the top-k simplex, which is of its own interest. Experiments on five datasets show consistent improvements in top-k accuracy compared to various baselines., Comment: NIPS 2015
Published: 2015

21. Efficient Output Kernel Learning for Multiple Tasks

Author: Jawanpuria, Pratik, Lapin, Maksim, Hein, Matthias, and Schiele, Bernt
Subjects: Statistics - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Learning
Abstract: The paradigm of multi-task learning is that one can achieve better generalization by learning tasks jointly and thus exploiting the similarity between the tasks rather than learning them independently of each other. While previously the relationship between tasks had to be user-defined in the form of an output kernel, recent approaches jointly learn the tasks and the output kernel. As the output kernel is a positive semidefinite matrix, the resulting optimization problems are not scalable in the number of tasks as an eigendecomposition is required in each step. \mbox{Using} the theory of positive semidefinite kernels we show in this paper that for a certain class of regularizers on the output kernel, the constraint of being positive semidefinite can be dropped as it is automatically satisfied for the relaxed problem. This leads to an unconstrained dual problem which can be solved efficiently. Experiments on several multi-task and multi-class data sets illustrate the efficacy of our approach in terms of computational efficiency as well as generalization performance.
Published: 2015

22. Dynamic discrete model for the granular matter formation process

Author: Khapalov, Alexander and Lapin, Sergey
Subjects: Mathematics - Numerical Analysis
Abstract: In this paper we introduce 1-$D$ and 2-$D$ discrete models for the dynamic granular matter formation process in the form of a system of difference equations. This approach allows us to differentiate between the influx of the rolling layer coming down from different directions to the corner points of the standing layer. Such points are difficult to adequately describe by means of pde's and their straightforward numerical approximations, typically ``ignoring'' the system's behavior on the sets of zero measure. However, these points are critical for understanding the dynamic formation process when the standing layer is created by the moving front of the rolling matter or when the latter is filling a cavity and/or stops rolling. The existence of distributed (infinite dimensional) limit solutions to our discrete models as the size of mesh tends to zero is also discussed. We illustrate our findings by numerical examples which use our model as a direct algorithm.
Published: 2013

23. Learning Using Privileged Information: SVM+ and Weighted SVM

Author: Lapin, Maksim, Hein, Matthias, and Schiele, Bernt
Subjects: Statistics - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Learning
Abstract: Prior knowledge can be used to improve predictive performance of learning algorithms or reduce the amount of data required for training. The same goal is pursued within the learning using privileged information paradigm which was recently introduced by Vapnik et al. and is aimed at utilizing additional information available only at training time -- a framework implemented by SVM+. We relate the privileged information to importance weighting and show that the prior knowledge expressible with privileged features can also be encoded by weights associated with every training example. We show that a weighted SVM can always replicate an SVM+ solution, while the converse is not true and we construct a counterexample highlighting the limitations of SVM+. Finally, we touch on the problem of choosing weights for weighted SVMs when privileged features are not available., Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures; integrated reviewer comments, improved typesetting
Published: 2013
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24. Demonstration of zero optical backscattering from single nanoparticles

Author: Person, Steven, Jain, Manish, Lapin, Zachary, Saenz, Juan Jose, Wicks, Gary, and Novotny, Lukas
Subjects: Physics - Optics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract: We present the first experimental demonstration of zero backscattering from nanoparticles at op- tical frequencies as originally discussed by Kerker et. al. [M. Kerker, D. Wang, and C. Giles, J. Opt. Soc. A 73, 765 (1983)]. GaAs pillars were fabricated on a fused silica substrate and the spectrum of the backscattered radiation was measured in the wavelength range 600-1000 nm. Suppression of backscattering occurred at ~725 nm, agreeing with calculations based on the discrete dipole approximation. Particles with zero backscattering provide new functionality for metamaterials and optical antennas., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2012
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25. Measurement of the neutron electric dipole moment via spin rotation in a non-centrosymmetric crystal

Author: Fedorov, V. V., Jentschel, M., Kuznetsov, I. A., Lapin, E. G., Lelievre-Berna, E., Nesvizhevsky, V., Petoukhov, A., Semenikhin, S. Yu., Soldner, T., Voronin, V. V., and Braginetz, Yu. P.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We have measured the neutron electric dipole moment using spin rotation in a non-centrosymmetric crystal. Our result is d_n = (2.5 +- 6.5(stat) +- 5.5(syst)) 10^{-24} e cm. The dominating contribution to the systematic uncertainty is statistical in nature and will reduce with improved statistics. The statistical sensitivity can be increased to 2 10^{-26} e cm in 100 days data taking with an improved setup. We state technical requirements for a systematic uncertainty at the same level., Comment: submitted to Phys. Lett. B
Published: 2010
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26. Get That Brain Reading.

Author: Lapin, Gloria
Abstract: Noting the National Reading Panel's suggestions on assessing and improving children's phonemic awareness, this paper discusses how reading can be improved through think-alouds and visualizations. Comprehension strategies that teachers can model during think-alouds are: activating prior knowledge; building vocabulary; determining importance; questioning and clarifying; inferring; and synthesizing. Proficient readers create images in their minds as they read, and teachers can guide young readers to do the same. To help students visualize as they read, a teacher can start with simple sentences and ask students questions that help create images. Guiding students with detailed questions that lead to open-ended answers helps them create a visual interpretation of the sentence. This activity not only encourages students to create imagery, but also encourages them to think about questioning and become question askers themselves. (PM)
Published: 2003

27. Measurement of the neutron electric dipole moment by crystal diffraction

Author: Fedorov, V. V., Jentschel, M., Kuznetsov, I. A., Lapin, E. G., Lelievre-Berna, E., Nesvizhevsky, V., Petoukhov, A., Semenikhin, S. Yu., Soldner, T., Tasset, F., Voronin, V. V., and Braginetz, Yu. P.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: An experiment using a prototype setup to search for the neutron electric dipole moment by measuring spin-rotation in a non-centrosymmetric crystal (quartz) was carried out to investigate statistical sensitivity and systematic effects of the method. It has been demonstrated that the concept of the method works. The preliminary result of the experiment is $d_{\rm n}=(2.5\pm 6.5)\cdot 10^{-24}$ e$\cdot $cm. The experiment showed that an accuracy of $\sim 2.5\cdot 10^{-26}$ e$\cdot $cm can be obtained in 100 days data taking, using available quartz crystals and neutron beams., Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2009
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28. Test experiment to search for a neutron EDM by the Laue diffraction method

Author: Fedorov, V. V., Lapin, E. G., Lelievre-Berna, E., Nesvizhevsky, V., Petoukhov, A., Semenikhin, S. Yu., Soldner, T., Tasset, F., and Voronin, V. V.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: A prototype experiment to measure the neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM) by spin-rotation in a non-centrosymmetric crystal in Laue geometry was carried out in order to investigate the statistical sensitivity and systematic effects of the method. The statistical sensitivity to the nEDM was about $6\cdot 10^{-24}$ e$\cdot $cm per day and can be improved by one order of magnitude for the full scale setup. Systematics was limited by the homogeneity of the magnetic field in the crystal region and by a new kind of spin rotation effect. We attribute this effect to a difference of the two Bloch waves amplitudes in the crystal, which is caused by the presence of a small crystal deformation due to a temperature gradient. In a revised scheme of the experiment, this effect could be exploited for a purposeful manipulation of the Bloch waves., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2005

29. Achievement Goals, Motivation, and Performance: A Closer Look.

Author: Urdan, Tim, Pajares, Frank, and Lapin, Amy Z.
Abstract: An achievement goal theory framework was used to examine the relations among goals and a number of other motivational constructs in a sample of middle school students. Participants were 189 eighth graders from a public school in the south. In one session students completed the attitude measures and in another session they completed a mathematics performance measure. The attitude instrument consisted of 15 items assessing task and ability goals. Results indicate that task and ability goals were moderately related. In this sample, task goals were moderately to strongly related with the performance and motivation variables in favorable ways. They were positively related to self-efficacy, self-concept, grade point average, persistence, importance, and self-efficacy for self-regulated learning. They were negatively related to anxiety. Ability goals did not have a negative pattern of relationship with other variables, but were unrelated or weakly positively correlated with the motivation and performance variables. When gender, grade point average, and task goals were controlled, ability goals had little or no effect on motivation or performance outcomes. Results suggest that for students strong in their pursuit of task goals, the simultaneous pursuit of ability goals is not helpful. This study does support previous results indicating a beneficial relationship between task goals and a variety of motivational and performance outcomes. (Contains 2 tables and 15 references.) (SLD)
Published: 1997

30. Forest biodiversity in the spotlight – what drives change?

Author: Pötzelsberger, Elisabeth, primary, Bauhus, Jürgen, additional, Muys, Bart, additional, Wunder, Sven, additional, Bozzano, Michele, additional, Farsakoglou, Anna-Maria, additional, Schuck, Andreas, additional, Lindner, Marcus, additional, and Lapin, Katharina, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

31. [Catonsville Community College] Factbook: January 1990.

Author: Catonsville Community Coll., MD. Office of Institutional Research., Lapin, Joel, and Linksz, Donna
Abstract: This statistical factbook provides information on student demographics, employees, budget, organization, graduates, programs, enrollments, grants, and the foundation on Catonsville Community College (CCC). An additional section provides parallel information on Carroll Community College where available. The first section focuses on college data, including an operating calendar, an employee profile, and information on the physical plant, library holdings, and budgetary concerns. The second section provides data on the characteristics of fall and winter credit students, graduates, financial aid recipients and awards, and credit-free students. The third section offers data on credit-free enrollment patterns, selected discipline/departmental enrollment by number of sections, headcount enrollment, full-time equivalency, and credit-free enrollment patterns. The fourth section presents information on resource development and external connections, examining the CCC foundation and board of directors, foundation assets, and numbers of scholarships and grants awarded. This section also contains information on external environmental factors, such as estimates of the Maryland population by race, region, political subdivision, age, and sex. The final section describes Carroll Community College, following the same general outline as the CCC information. (JMC)
Published: 1990

32. Exemplary Organizational and Programmatic Linkages between Publicly Funded Community Colleges and CETA Prime Sponsors: Models for Maryland. Final Report: CETA/Community College Interface Research Project.

Author: Catonsville Community Coll., MD. and Lapin, Joel D.
Abstract: Based on a nationwide study of the fiscal and administrative factors responsible for the maintenance of exemplary linkages between Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) prime sponsors and community colleges, this monograph presents guidelines for the development of cooperative relations between CETA and Maryland's community colleges. After introductory material explaining study methodology, Chapter I points to two sets of factors upon which model linkages are based; seven of these are the shared responsibility of the college and sponsor (e.g., choosing effective liaisons) and five are more likely to be achieved within the college (e.g., the development of manpower-related courses). Chapter II first reviews principles of adult learning and then discusses the division of responsibility between CETA and the college for program functions, including student and program evaluation, basic skills instruction, provision of support services, technical skills training, and job placement and follow-up. While unable to identify an optimal model for fiscal linkages, Chapter III does indicate that both the colleges and the sponsors should improve budgeting, become familiar with each other's fiscal regulations, recognize grant monies awarded to CETA students, and evaluate the merits of class instruction vs. individual referrals. Study questions and findings are appended. (JP)
Published: 1981

33. Building and Strengthening Linkages between CETA and Community Colleges.

Author: Lapin, Joel D.
Abstract: A study was conducted by Catonsville Community College (Maryland) to identify those factors that foster successful linkages between Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) sponsors and community colleges. The study involved: (1) identifying exemplary CETA/college linkages through consultation with experts in academe and government; (2) interviewing CETA and college personnel involved in these identified linkages to disqualify those that were, in fact, marked by conflict; and (3) administering a questionnaire to the remaining CETA and college personnel to determine the perceived strengths of the linkages and to identify those linkages that could serve as model CETA/college relationships. Major findings, based on responses from 33 CETA sponsors and 40 colleges, reveal six characteristics of successful linkages: communications and trust are maintained; top college administrators are committed to the program; CETA training benefits general education; the benefits of the CETA linkage are promoted at the college; a liaison person and office are established; and open entry/exit, short-term, performance-based occupational training programs are provided. The study report examines three major barriers to successful cooperation (i.e., conflict associated with educational philosophy and mission; problems of mistrust and negative perceptions; and problems of contrasting operating styles), describes four model CETA/college linkages, and outlines summary recommendations. (JP)
Published: 1980

34. Applying Successful Policies and Programs to Students, Institutions, and the Community. A Foreword to the Higher Education/CETA Project.

Author: American Council on Education, Washington, DC. and Lapin, Joel D.
Abstract: An overview is presented of the scope of a series of monographs produced as part of the American Council on Education's Higher Education/Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) Project, which was supported by the Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education. The monographs discuss contemporary policy issues concerned with higher education's relationship with occupational training and present case studies of two- and four-year educational institutions. The focus is the benefits that have emerged for students in particular and institutions and communities in general as a result of successful relationships between CETA and higher education. The monographs highlight colleges and universities that have improved areas such as instruction, student services, linking work and education, institutional leadership, policy development, and working with the private sector. The Higher Education/CETA Project has underscored the importance of the following three points: (1) in general, successful organizational structures and processes between CETA and higher education would apply to relationships between private and public training and employment organizations; (2) the programmatic relationships between CETA and higher education are not limited to improving the learning and life chances of CETA students but often apply to learners in general; and (3) college and university personnel, structures, and processes established and/or developed through relationships with CETA and the private sector will continue to be important in their own right and as they mesh with future government-funded programs. Each monograph contains a series of action-oriented recommendations for higher education leaders and employment and training administrators. (SW)
Published: 1982

35. The Needs for and Benefits of Collaboration between Higher Education and Business and Industry.

Author: Lapin, Joel D.
Abstract: The mandate for and benefits of collaborative efforts between higher education and business and industry are considered, and case studies that can serve as models and sources for consultation are presented of successful collaborative efforts on the local, regional, state, and national levels. Literature and research gathered through the Higher Education/Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) Project of the American Council on Education is used in support of collaborative processes and programs. The current increased interest in linkage efforts is typified by the prevalence of conferences, forums, and related collaborative programs. The problems that indicate a need for collaboration include: students enter the labor force without adequate basic skills, the state of the economy, the need to adjust to rapid change, and the unmet demand for highly skilled workers. Higher education contributes to business and industry by developing employment-related programs, professional training, and lifelong learning opportunities, while business/industry support career education and occupational training in a variety of ways. Collaborative efforts are frequently significant on the local community level, and more projects are being developed at the state level. (SW)
Published: 1982

36. External Environmental Forecast.

Author: Catonsville Community Coll., MD. and Lapin, Joel D.
Abstract: Representing current viewpoints of academics, futures experts, and social observers, this external environmental forecast presents projections and information of particular relevance to the future of Catonsville Community College. The following topics are examined: (1) population changes and implications for higher education; (2) state and local demographic changes; (3) the national economy; (4) inflation; (5) interest rates; (6) unemployment; (7) the short- and long-term national economic outlook; (8) national growth and labor force projections; (9) the work ethic in the 1980s; (10) the social-political climate of the 1980s and 1990s; (11) the state and higher education; (12) the current condition of higher education; and (13) the future of postsecondary education. For each topic, corollaries are presented, drawing plausible inferences from the reading and analysis of the information in the preceding section. (LAL)
Published: 1985

37. Search for contact interactions in dimuon events fromppcollisions ats=7 TeVwith the ATLAS detector

Author: G. Aad, B. Abbott, J. Abdallah, A. A. Abdelalim, A. Abdesselam, O. Abdinov, B. Abi, M. Abolins, H. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, E. Acerbi, B. S. Acharya, D. L. Adams, T. N. Addy, J. Adelman, M. Aderholz, S. Adomeit, P. Adragna, T. Adye, S. Aefsky, J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra, M. Aharrouche, S. P. Ahlen, F. Ahles, A. Ahmad, M. Ahsan, G. Aielli, T. Akdogan, T. P. A. Åkesson, G. Akimoto, A. V. Akimov, A. Akiyama, M. S. Alam, M. A. Alam, S. Albrand, M. Aleksa, I. N. Aleksandrov, F. Alessandria, C. Alexa, G. Alexander, G. Alexandre, T. Alexopoulos, M. Alhroob, M. Aliev, G. Alimonti, J. Alison, M. Aliyev, P. P. Allport, S. E. Allwood-Spiers, J. Almond, A. Aloisio, R. Alon, A. Alonso, M. G. Alviggi, K. Amako, P. Amaral, C. Amelung, V. V. Ammosov, A. Amorim, G. Amorós, N. Amram, C. Anastopoulos, T. Andeen, C. F. Anders, K. J. Anderson, A. Andreazza, V. Andrei, M-L. Andrieux, X. S. Anduaga, A. Angerami, F. Anghinolfi, N. Anjos, A. Annovi, A. Antonaki, M. Antonelli, S. Antonelli, A. Antonov, J. Antos, F. Anulli, S. Aoun, L. Aperio Bella, R. Apolle, G. Arabidze, I. Aracena, Y. Arai, A. T. H. Arce, J. P. Archambault, S. Arfaoui, J-F. Arguin, E. Arik, M. Arik, A. J. Armbruster, O. Arnaez, C. Arnault, A. Artamonov, G. Artoni, D. Arutinov, S. Asai, R. Asfandiyarov, S. Ask, B. Åsman, L. Asquith, K. Assamagan, A. Astbury, A. Astvatsatourov, G. Atoian, B. Aubert, B. Auerbach, E. Auge, K. Augsten, M. Aurousseau, N. Austin, R. Avramidou, D. Axen, C. Ay, G. Azuelos, Y. Azuma, M. A. Baak, G. Baccaglioni, C. Bacci, A. M. Bach, H. Bachacou, K. Bachas, G. Bachy, M. Backes, M. Backhaus, E. Badescu, P. Bagnaia, S. Bahinipati, Y. Bai, D. C. Bailey, T. Bain, J. T. Baines, O. K. Baker, M. D. Baker, S. Baker, F. Baltasar Dos Santos Pedrosa, E. Banas, P. Banerjee, Sw. Banerjee, D. Banfi, A. Bangert, V. Bansal, H. S. Bansil, L. Barak, S. P. Baranov, A. Barashkou, A. Barbaro Galtieri, T. Barber, E. L. Barberio, D. Barberis, M. Barbero, D. Y. Bardin, T. Barillari, M. Barisonzi, T. Barklow, N. Barlow, B. M. Barnett, R. M. Barnett, A. Baroncelli, A. J. Barr, F. Barreiro, J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, P. Barrillon, R. Bartoldus, A. E. Barton, D. Bartsch, V. Bartsch, R. L. Bates, L. Batkova, J. R. Batley, A. Battaglia, M. Battistin, G. Battistoni, F. Bauer, H. S. Bawa, B. Beare, T. Beau, P. H. Beauchemin, R. Beccherle, P. Bechtle, H. P. Beck, M. Beckingham, K. H. Becks, A. J. Beddall, A. Beddall, S. Bedikian, V. A. Bednyakov, C. P. Bee, M. Begel, S. Behar Harpaz, P. K. Behera, M. Beimforde, C. Belanger-Champagne, P. J. Bell, W. H. Bell, G. Bella, L. Bellagamba, F. Bellina, M. Bellomo, A. Belloni, O. Beloborodova, K. Belotskiy, O. Beltramello, S. Ben Ami, O. Benary, D. Benchekroun, C. Benchouk, M. Bendel, B. H. Benedict, N. Benekos, Y. Benhammou, D. P. Benjamin, M. Benoit, J. R. Bensinger, K. Benslama, S. Bentvelsen, D. Berge, E. Bergeaas Kuutmann, N. Berger, F. Berghaus, E. Berglund, J. Beringer, K. Bernardet, P. Bernat, R. Bernhard, C. Bernius, T. Berry, A. Bertin, F. Bertinelli, F. Bertolucci, M. I. Besana, N. Besson, S. Bethke, W. Bhimji, R. M. Bianchi, M. Bianco, O. Biebel, S. P. Bieniek, J. Biesiada, M. Biglietti, H. Bilokon, M. Bindi, S. Binet, A. Bingul, C. Bini, C. Biscarat, U. Bitenc, K. M. Black, R. E. Blair, J.-B. Blanchard, G. Blanchot, T. Blazek, C. Blocker, J. Blocki, A. Blondel, W. Blum, U. Blumenschein, G. J. Bobbink, V. B. Bobrovnikov, S. S. Bocchetta, A. Bocci, C. R. Boddy, M. Boehler, J. Boek, N. Boelaert, S. Böser, J. A. Bogaerts, A. Bogdanchikov, A. Bogouch, C. Bohm, V. Boisvert, T. Bold, V. Boldea, N. M. Bolnet, M. Bona, V. G. Bondarenko, M. Boonekamp, G. Boorman, C. N. Booth, S. Bordoni, C. Borer, A. Borisov, G. Borissov, I. Borjanovic, S. Borroni, K. Bos, D. Boscherini, M. Bosman, H. Boterenbrood, D. Botterill, J. Bouchami, J. Boudreau, E. V. Bouhova-Thacker, C. Boulahouache, C. Bourdarios, N. Bousson, A. Boveia, J. Boyd, I. R. Boyko, N. I. Bozhko, I. Bozovic-Jelisavcic, J. Bracinik, A. Braem, P. Branchini, G. W. Brandenburg, A. Brandt, G. Brandt, O. Brandt, U. Bratzler, B. Brau, J. E. Brau, H. M. Braun, B. Brelier, J. Bremer, R. Brenner, S. Bressler, D. Breton, D. Britton, F. M. Brochu, I. Brock, R. Brock, T. J. Brodbeck, E. Brodet, F. Broggi, C. Bromberg, G. Brooijmans, W. K. Brooks, G. Brown, H. Brown, E. Brubaker, P. A. Bruckman de Renstrom, D. Bruncko, R. Bruneliere, S. Brunet, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, M. Bruschi, T. Buanes, F. Bucci, J. Buchanan, N. J. Buchanan, P. Buchholz, R. M. Buckingham, A. G. Buckley, S. I. Buda, I. A. Budagov, B. Budick, V. Büscher, L. Bugge, D. Buira-Clark, O. Bulekov, M. Bunse, T. Buran, H. Burckhart, S. Burdin, T. Burgess, S. Burke, E. Busato, P. Bussey, C. P. Buszello, F. Butin, B. Butler, J. M. Butler, C. M. Buttar, J. M. Butterworth, W. Buttinger, T. Byatt, S. Cabrera Urbán, D. Caforio, O. Cakir, P. Calafiura, G. Calderini, P. Calfayan, R. Calkins, L. P. Caloba, R. Caloi, D. Calvet, S. Calvet, R. Camacho Toro, A. Camard, P. Camarri, M. Cambiaghi, D. Cameron, J. Cammin, S. Campana, M. Campanelli, V. Canale, F. Canelli, A. Canepa, J. Cantero, L. Capasso, M. D. M. Capeans Garrido, I. Caprini, M. Caprini, D. Capriotti, M. Capua, R. Caputo, C. Caramarcu, R. Cardarelli, T. Carli, G. Carlino, L. Carminati, B. Caron, S. Caron, G. D. Carrillo Montoya, A. A. Carter, J. R. Carter, J. Carvalho, D. Casadei, M. P. Casado, M. Cascella, C. Caso, A. M. Castaneda Hernandez, E. Castaneda-Miranda, V. Castillo Gimenez, N. F. Castro, G. Cataldi, F. Cataneo, A. Catinaccio, J. R. Catmore, A. Cattai, G. Cattani, S. Caughron, D. Cauz, P. Cavalleri, D. Cavalli, M. Cavalli-Sforza, V. Cavasinni, A. Cazzato, F. Ceradini, A. S. Cerqueira, A. Cerri, L. Cerrito, F. Cerutti, S. A. Cetin, F. Cevenini, A. Chafaq, D. Chakraborty, K. Chan, B. Chapleau, J. D. Chapman, J. W. Chapman, E. Chareyre, D. G. Charlton, V. Chavda, S. Cheatham, S. Chekanov, S. V. Chekulaev, G. A. Chelkov, M. A. Chelstowska, C. Chen, H. Chen, L. Chen, S. Chen, T. Chen, X. Chen, S. Cheng, A. Cheplakov, V. F. Chepurnov, R. Cherkaoui El Moursli, V. Chernyatin, E. Cheu, S. L. Cheung, L. Chevalier, G. Chiefari, L. Chikovani, J. T. Childers, A. Chilingarov, G. Chiodini, M. V. Chizhov, G. Choudalakis, S. Chouridou, I. A. Christidi, A. Christov, D. Chromek-Burckhart, M. L. Chu, J. Chudoba, G. Ciapetti, K. Ciba, A. K. Ciftci, R. Ciftci, D. Cinca, V. Cindro, M. D. Ciobotaru, C. Ciocca, A. Ciocio, M. Cirilli, M. Ciubancan, A. Clark, P. J. Clark, W. Cleland, J. C. Clemens, B. Clement, C. Clement, R. W. Clifft, Y. Coadou, M. Cobal, A. Coccaro, J. Cochran, P. Coe, J. G. Cogan, J. Coggeshall, E. Cogneras, C. D. Cojocaru, J. Colas, A. P. Colijn, C. Collard, N. J. Collins, C. Collins-Tooth, J. Collot, G. Colon, P. Conde Muiño, E. Coniavitis, M. C. Conidi, M. Consonni, S. Constantinescu, C. Conta, F. Conventi, J. Cook, M. Cooke, B. D. Cooper, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, N. J. Cooper-Smith, K. Copic, T. Cornelissen, M. Corradi, F. Corriveau, A. Cortes-Gonzalez, G. Cortiana, G. Costa, M. J. Costa, D. Costanzo, T. Costin, D. Côté, R. Coura Torres, L. Courneyea, G. Cowan, C. Cowden, B. E. Cox, K. Cranmer, F. Crescioli, M. Cristinziani, G. Crosetti, R. Crupi, S. Crépé-Renaudin, C.-M. Cuciuc, C. Cuenca Almenar, T. Cuhadar Donszelmann, S. Cuneo, M. Curatolo, C. J. Curtis, P. Cwetanski, H. Czirr, Z. Czyczula, S. D’Auria, M. D’Onofrio, A. D’Orazio, A. Da Rocha Gesualdi Mello, P. V. M. Da Silva, C. Da Via, W. Dabrowski, A. Dahlhoff, T. Dai, C. Dallapiccola, M. Dam, M. Dameri, D. S. Damiani, H. O. Danielsson, D. Dannheim, V. Dao, G. Darbo, G. L. Darlea, C. Daum, J. P. Dauvergne, W. Davey, T. Davidek, N. Davidson, R. Davidson, M. Davies, A. R. Davison, E. Dawe, I. Dawson, J. W. Dawson, R. K. Daya, K. De, R. de Asmundis, S. De Castro, P. E. De Castro Faria Salgado, S. De Cecco, J. de Graat, N. De Groot, P. de Jong, C. De La Taille, H. De la Torre, B. De Lotto, L. De Mora, L. De Nooij, M. De Oliveira Branco, D. De Pedis, P. de Saintignon, A. De Salvo, U. De Sanctis, A. De Santo, J. B. De Vivie De Regie, S. Dean, D. V. Dedovich, J. Degenhardt, M. Dehchar, M. Deile, C. Del Papa, J. Del Peso, T. Del Prete, A. Dell’Acqua, L. Dell’Asta, M. Della Pietra, D. della Volpe, M. Delmastro, P. Delpierre, N. Delruelle, P. A. Delsart, C. Deluca, S. Demers, M. Demichev, B. Demirkoz, J. Deng, S. P. Denisov, D. Derendarz, J. E. Derkaoui, F. Derue, P. Dervan, K. Desch, E. Devetak, P. O. Deviveiros, A. Dewhurst, B. DeWilde, S. Dhaliwal, R. Dhullipudi, A. Di Ciaccio, L. Di Ciaccio, A. Di Girolamo, B. Di Girolamo, S. Di Luise, A. Di Mattia, B. Di Micco, R. Di Nardo, A. Di Simone, R. Di Sipio, M. A. Diaz, F. Diblen, E. B. Diehl, H. Dietl, J. Dietrich, T. A. Dietzsch, S. Diglio, K. Dindar Yagci, J. Dingfelder, C. Dionisi, P. Dita, S. Dita, F. Dittus, F. Djama, R. Djilkibaev, T. Djobava, M. A. B. do Vale, A. Do Valle Wemans, T. K. O. Doan, M. Dobbs, R. Dobinson, D. Dobos, E. Dobson, M. Dobson, J. Dodd, O. B. Dogan, C. Doglioni, T. Doherty, Y. Doi, J. Dolejsi, I. Dolenc, Z. Dolezal, B. A. Dolgoshein, T. Dohmae, M. Donadelli, M. Donega, J. Donini, J. Dopke, A. Doria, A. Dos Anjos, M. Dosil, A. Dotti, M. T. Dova, J. D. Dowell, A. D. Doxiadis, A. T. Doyle, Z. Drasal, J. Drees, N. Dressnandt, H. Drevermann, C. Driouichi, M. Dris, J. Dubbert, T. Dubbs, S. Dube, E. Duchovni, G. Duckeck, A. Dudarev, F. Dudziak, M. Dührssen, I. P. Duerdoth, L. Duflot, M-A. Dufour, M. Dunford, H. Duran Yildiz, R. Duxfield, M. Dwuznik, F. Dydak, D. Dzahini, M. Düren, W. L. Ebenstein, J. Ebke, S. Eckert, S. Eckweiler, K. Edmonds, C. A. Edwards, W. Ehrenfeld, T. Ehrich, T. Eifert, G. Eigen, K. Einsweiler, E. Eisenhandler, T. Ekelof, M. El Kacimi, M. Ellert, S. Elles, F. Ellinghaus, K. Ellis, N. Ellis, J. Elmsheuser, M. Elsing, R. Ely, D. Emeliyanov, R. Engelmann, A. Engl, B. Epp, A. Eppig, J. Erdmann, A. Ereditato, D. Eriksson, J. Ernst, M. Ernst, J. Ernwein, D. Errede, S. Errede, E. Ertel, M. Escalier, C. Escobar, X. Espinal Curull, B. Esposito, F. Etienne, A. I. Etienvre, E. Etzion, D. 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Nelson, S. Nemecek, P. Nemethy, A. A. Nepomuceno, M. Nessi, S. Y. Nesterov, M. S. Neubauer, A. Neusiedl, R. M. Neves, P. Nevski, P. R. Newman, R. B. Nickerson, R. Nicolaidou, L. Nicolas, B. Nicquevert, F. Niedercorn, J. Nielsen, T. Niinikoski, A. Nikiforov, V. Nikolaenko, K. Nikolaev, I. Nikolic-Audit, K. Nikolopoulos, H. Nilsen, P. Nilsson, Y. Ninomiya, A. Nisati, T. Nishiyama, R. Nisius, L. Nodulman, M. Nomachi, I. Nomidis, H. Nomoto, M. Nordberg, B. Nordkvist, P. R. Norton, J. Novakova, M. Nozaki, M. Nožička, L. Nozka, I. M. Nugent, A.-E. Nuncio-Quiroz, G. Nunes Hanninger, T. Nunnemann, E. Nurse, T. Nyman, B. J. O’Brien, S. W. O’Neale, D. C. O’Neil, V. O’Shea, F. G. Oakham, H. Oberlack, J. Ocariz, A. Ochi, S. Oda, S. Odaka, J. Odier, H. Ogren, A. Oh, S. H. Oh, C. C. Ohm, T. Ohshima, H. Ohshita, T. K. Ohska, T. Ohsugi, S. Okada, H. Okawa, Y. Okumura, T. Okuyama, M. Olcese, A. G. Olchevski, M. Oliveira, D. Oliveira Damazio, E. Oliver Garcia, D. Olivito, A. Olszewski, J. Olszowska, C. 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Perini, H. Pernegger, R. Perrino, P. Perrodo, S. Persembe, V. D. Peshekhonov, O. Peters, B. A. Petersen, J. Petersen, T. C. Petersen, E. Petit, A. Petridis, C. Petridou, E. Petrolo, F. Petrucci, D. Petschull, M. Petteni, R. Pezoa, A. Phan, A. W. Phillips, P. W. Phillips, G. Piacquadio, E. Piccaro, M. Piccinini, A. Pickford, S. M. Piec, R. Piegaia, J. E. Pilcher, A. D. Pilkington, J. Pina, M. Pinamonti, A. Pinder, J. L. Pinfold, J. Ping, B. Pinto, O. Pirotte, C. Pizio, R. Placakyte, M. Plamondon, W. G. Plano, M.-A. Pleier, A. V. Pleskach, A. Poblaguev, S. Poddar, F. Podlyski, L. Poggioli, T. Poghosyan, M. Pohl, F. Polci, G. Polesello, A. Policicchio, A. Polini, J. Poll, V. Polychronakos, D. M. Pomarede, D. Pomeroy, K. Pommès, L. Pontecorvo, B. G. Pope, G. A. Popeneciu, D. S. Popovic, A. Poppleton, X. Portell Bueso, R. Porter, C. Posch, G. E. Pospelov, S. Pospisil, I. N. Potrap, C. J. Potter, C. T. Potter, G. Poulard, J. Poveda, R. Prabhu, P. Pralavorio, S. Prasad, R. Pravahan, S. Prell, K. Pretzl, L. Pribyl, D. Price, L. E. Price, M. J. Price, P. M. Prichard, D. Prieur, M. Primavera, K. Prokofiev, F. Prokoshin, S. Protopopescu, J. Proudfoot, X. Prudent, H. Przysiezniak, S. Psoroulas, E. Ptacek, J. Purdham, M. Purohit, P. Puzo, Y. Pylypchenko, J. Qian, Z. Qian, Z. Qin, A. Quadt, D. R. Quarrie, W. B. Quayle, F. Quinonez, M. Raas, V. Radescu, B. Radics, T. Rador, F. Ragusa, G. Rahal, A. M. Rahimi, D. Rahm, S. Rajagopalan, M. Rammensee, M. Rammes, M. Ramstedt, K. Randrianarivony, P. N. Ratoff, F. Rauscher, E. Rauter, M. Raymond, A. L. Read, D. M. Rebuzzi, A. Redelbach, G. Redlinger, R. Reece, K. Reeves, A. Reichold, E. Reinherz-Aronis, A. Reinsch, I. Reisinger, D. Reljic, C. Rembser, Z. L. Ren, A. Renaud, P. Renkel, B. Rensch, M. Rescigno, S. Resconi, B. Resende, P. Reznicek, R. Rezvani, A. Richards, R. Richter, E. Richter-Was, M. Ridel, S. Rieke, M. Rijpstra, M. Rijssenbeek, A. Rimoldi, L. Rinaldi, R. R. Rios, I. Riu, G. Rivoltella, F. Rizatdinova, E. Rizvi, S. H. Robertson, A. Robichaud-Veronneau, D. Robinson, J. E. M. Robinson, M. Robinson, A. Robson, J. G. Rocha de Lima, C. Roda, D. Roda Dos Santos, S. Rodier, D. Rodriguez, Y. Rodriguez Garcia, A. Roe, S. Roe, O. Røhne, V. Rojo, S. Rolli, A. Romaniouk, V. M. Romanov, G. Romeo, D. Romero Maltrana, L. Roos, E. Ros, S. Rosati, K. Rosbach, M. Rose, G. A. Rosenbaum, E. I. Rosenberg, P. L. Rosendahl, L. Rosselet, V. Rossetti, E. Rossi, L. P. Rossi, L. Rossi, M. Rotaru, I. Roth, J. Rothberg, D. Rousseau, C. R. Royon, A. Rozanov, Y. Rozen, X. Ruan, I. Rubinskiy, B. Ruckert, N. Ruckstuhl, V. I. Rud, G. Rudolph, F. Rühr, F. Ruggieri, A. Ruiz-Martinez, E. Rulikowska-Zarebska, V. Rumiantsev, L. Rumyantsev, K. Runge, O. Runolfsson, Z. Rurikova, N. A. Rusakovich, D. R. Rust, J. P. Rutherfoord, C. Ruwiedel, P. Ruzicka, Y. F. Ryabov, V. Ryadovikov, P. Ryan, M. Rybar, G. Rybkin, N. C. Ryder, S. Rzaeva, A. F. Saavedra, I. Sadeh, H. F.-W. Sadrozinski, R. Sadykov, F. Safai Tehrani, H. Sakamoto, G. Salamanna, A. Salamon, M. Saleem, D. Salihagic, A. Salnikov, J. Salt, B. M. Salvachua Ferrando, D. Salvatore, F. Salvatore, A. Salvucci, A. Salzburger, D. Sampsonidis, B. H. Samset, H. Sandaker, H. G. Sander, M. P. Sanders, M. Sandhoff, P. Sandhu, T. Sandoval, R. Sandstroem, S. Sandvoss, D. P. C. Sankey, A. Sansoni, C. Santamarina Rios, C. Santoni, R. Santonico, H. Santos, J. G. Saraiva, T. Sarangi, E. Sarkisyan-Grinbaum, F. Sarri, G. Sartisohn, O. Sasaki, T. Sasaki, N. Sasao, I. Satsounkevitch, G. Sauvage, J. B. Sauvan, P. Savard, V. Savinov, D. O. Savu, P. Savva, L. Sawyer, D. H. Saxon, L. P. Says, C. Sbarra, A. Sbrizzi, O. Scallon, D. A. Scannicchio, J. Schaarschmidt, P. Schacht, U. Schäfer, S. Schaepe, S. Schaetzel, A. C. Schaffer, D. Schaile, R. D. Schamberger, A. G. Schamov, V. Scharf, V. A. Schegelsky, D. Scheirich, M. I. Scherzer, C. Schiavi, J. Schieck, M. Schioppa, S. Schlenker, J. L. Schlereth, E. Schmidt, M. P. Schmidt, K. Schmieden, C. Schmitt, S. Schmitt, M. Schmitz, A. Schöning, M. Schott, D. Schouten, J. Schovancova, M. Schram, C. Schroeder, N. Schroer, S. Schuh, G. Schuler, J. Schultes, H.-C. Schultz-Coulon, H. Schulz, J. W. Schumacher, M. Schumacher, B. A. Schumm, Ph. Schune, C. Schwanenberger, A. Schwartzman, Ph. Schwemling, R. Schwienhorst, R. Schwierz, J. Schwindling, W. G. Scott, J. Searcy, E. Sedykh, E. Segura, S. C. Seidel, A. Seiden, F. Seifert, J. M. Seixas, G. Sekhniaidze, D. M. Seliverstov, B. Sellden, G. Sellers, M. Seman, N. Semprini-Cesari, C. Serfon, L. Serin, R. Seuster, H. Severini, M. E. Sevior, A. Sfyrla, E. Shabalina, M. Shamim, L. Y. Shan, J. T. Shank, Q. T. Shao, M. Shapiro, P. B. Shatalov, L. Shaver, C. Shaw, K. Shaw, D. Sherman, P. Sherwood, A. Shibata, S. Shimizu, M. Shimojima, T. Shin, A. Shmeleva, M. J. Shochet, D. Short, M. A. Shupe, P. Sicho, A. Sidoti, A. Siebel, F. Siegert, J. Siegrist, Dj. Sijacki, O. Silbert, J. Silva, Y. Silver, D. Silverstein, S. B. Silverstein, V. Simak, O. Simard, Lj. Simic, S. Simion, B. Simmons, M. Simonyan, P. Sinervo, N. B. Sinev, V. Sipica, G. Siragusa, A. N. Sisakyan, S. Yu. Sivoklokov, J. Sjölin, T. B. Sjursen, L. A. Skinnari, K. Skovpen, P. Skubic, N. Skvorodnev, M. Slater, T. Slavicek, K. Sliwa, T. J. Sloan, J. Sloper, V. Smakhtin, S. Yu. Smirnov, L. N. Smirnova, O. Smirnova, B. C. Smith, D. Smith, K. M. Smith, M. Smizanska, K. Smolek, A. A. Snesarev, S. W. Snow, J. Snow, J. Snuverink, S. Snyder, M. Soares, R. Sobie, J. Sodomka, A. Soffer, C. A. Solans, M. Solar, J. Solc, E. Soldatov, U. Soldevila, E. Solfaroli Camillocci, A. A. Solodkov, O. V. Solovyanov, J. Sondericker, N. Soni, V. Sopko, B. Sopko, M. Sorbi, M. Sosebee, A. Soukharev, S. Spagnolo, F. Spanò, R. Spighi, G. Spigo, F. Spila, E. Spiriti, R. Spiwoks, M. Spousta, T. Spreitzer, B. Spurlock, R. D. St. Denis, T. Stahl, J. Stahlman, R. Stamen, E. Stanecka, R. W. Stanek, C. Stanescu, S. Stapnes, E. A. Starchenko, J. Stark, P. Staroba, P. Starovoitov, A. Staude, P. Stavina, G. Stavropoulos, G. Steele, P. Steinbach, P. Steinberg, I. Stekl, B. Stelzer, H. J. Stelzer, O. Stelzer-Chilton, H. Stenzel, K. Stevenson, G. A. Stewart, J. A. Stillings, T. Stockmanns, M. C. Stockton, K. Stoerig, G. Stoicea, S. Stonjek, P. Strachota, A. R. Stradling, A. Straessner, J. Strandberg, S. Strandberg, A. Strandlie, M. Strang, E. Strauss, M. Strauss, P. Strizenec, R. Ströhmer, D. M. Strom, J. A. Strong, R. Stroynowski, J. Strube, B. Stugu, I. Stumer, J. Stupak, P. Sturm, D. A. Soh, D. Su, HS. Subramania, A. Succurro, Y. Sugaya, T. Sugimoto, C. Suhr, K. Suita, M. Suk, V. V. Sulin, S. Sultansoy, T. Sumida, X. Sun, J. E. Sundermann, K. Suruliz, S. Sushkov, G. Susinno, M. R. Sutton, Y. Suzuki, M. Svatos, Yu. M. Sviridov, S. Swedish, I. Sykora, T. Sykora, B. Szeless, J. Sánchez, D. Ta, K. Tackmann, A. Taffard, R. Tafirout, A. Taga, N. Taiblum, Y. Takahashi, H. Takai, R. Takashima, H. Takeda, T. Takeshita, M. Talby, A. Talyshev, M. C. Tamsett, J. Tanaka, R. Tanaka, S. Tanaka, Y. Tanaka, K. Tani, N. Tannoury, G. P. Tappern, S. Tapprogge, D. Tardif, S. Tarem, F. Tarrade, G. F. Tartarelli, P. Tas, M. Tasevsky, E. Tassi, M. Tatarkhanov, C. Taylor, F. E. Taylor, G. N. Taylor, W. Taylor, M. Teixeira Dias Castanheira, P. Teixeira-Dias, K. K. Temming, H. Ten Kate, P. K. Teng, S. Terada, K. Terashi, J. Terron, M. Terwort, M. Testa, R. J. Teuscher, J. Thadome, J. Therhaag, T. Theveneaux-Pelzer, M. Thioye, S. Thoma, J. P. Thomas, E. N. Thompson, P. D. Thompson, A. S. Thompson, E. Thomson, M. Thomson, R. P. Thun, T. Tic, V. O. Tikhomirov, Y. A. Tikhonov, C. J. W. P. Timmermans, P. Tipton, F. J. Tique Aires Viegas, S. Tisserant, J. Tobias, B. Toczek, T. Todorov, S. Todorova-Nova, B. Toggerson, J. Tojo, S. Tokár, K. Tokunaga, K. Tokushuku, K. Tollefson, M. Tomoto, L. Tompkins, K. Toms, G. Tong, A. Tonoyan, C. Topfel, N. D. Topilin, I. Torchiani, E. Torrence, E. Torró Pastor, J. Toth, F. Touchard, D. R. Tovey, D. Traynor, T. Trefzger, J. Treis, L. Tremblet, A. Tricoli, I. M. Trigger, S. Trincaz-Duvoid, T. N. Trinh, M. F. Tripiana, N. Triplett, W. Trischuk, A. Trivedi, B. Trocmé, C. Troncon, M. Trottier-McDonald, A. Trzupek, C. Tsarouchas, J. C-L. Tseng, M. Tsiakiris, P. V. Tsiareshka, D. Tsionou, G. Tsipolitis, V. Tsiskaridze, E. G. Tskhadadze, I. I. Tsukerman, V. Tsulaia, J.-W. Tsung, S. Tsuno, D. Tsybychev, A. Tua, J. M. Tuggle, M. Turala, D. Turecek, I. Turk Cakir, E. Turlay, R. Turra, P. M. Tuts, A. Tykhonov, M. Tylmad, M. Tyndel, H. Tyrvainen, G. Tzanakos, K. Uchida, I. Ueda, R. Ueno, M. Ugland, M. Uhlenbrock, M. Uhrmacher, F. Ukegawa, G. Unal, D. G. Underwood, A. Undrus, G. Unel, Y. Unno, D. Urbaniec, E. Urkovsky, P. Urrejola, G. Usai, M. Uslenghi, L. Vacavant, V. Vacek, B. Vachon, S. Vahsen, J. Valenta, P. Valente, S. Valentinetti, S. Valkar, E. Valladolid Gallego, S. Vallecorsa, J. A. Valls Ferrer, H. van der Graaf, E. van der Kraaij, R. Van Der Leeuw, E. van der Poel, D. van der Ster, B. Van Eijk, N. van Eldik, P. van Gemmeren, Z. van Kesteren, I. van Vulpen, W. Vandelli, G. Vandoni, A. Vaniachine, P. Vankov, F. Vannucci, F. Varela Rodriguez, R. Vari, E. W. Varnes, D. Varouchas, A. Vartapetian, K. E. Varvell, V. I. Vassilakopoulos, F. Vazeille, G. Vegni, J. J. Veillet, C. Vellidis, F. Veloso, R. Veness, S. Veneziano, A. Ventura, D. Ventura, M. Venturi, N. Venturi, V. Vercesi, M. Verducci, W. Verkerke, J. C. Vermeulen, A. Vest, M. C. Vetterli, I. Vichou, T. Vickey, G. H. A. Viehhauser, S. Viel, M. Villa, M. Villaplana Perez, E. Vilucchi, M. G. Vincter, E. Vinek, V. B. Vinogradov, M. Virchaux, S. Viret, J. Virzi, A. Vitale, O. Vitells, M. Viti, I. Vivarelli, F. Vives Vaque, S. Vlachos, M. Vlasak, N. Vlasov, A. Vogel, P. Vokac, G. Volpi, M. Volpi, G. Volpini, H. von der Schmitt, J. von Loeben, H. von Radziewski, E. von Toerne, V. Vorobel, A. P. Vorobiev, V. Vorwerk, M. Vos, R. Voss, T. T. Voss, J. H. Vossebeld, N. Vranjes, M. Vranjes Milosavljevic, V. Vrba, M. Vreeswijk, T. Vu Anh, R. Vuillermet, I. Vukotic, W. Wagner, P. Wagner, H. Wahlen, J. Wakabayashi, J. Walbersloh, S. Walch, J. Walder, R. Walker, W. Walkowiak, R. Wall, P. Waller, C. Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, J. C. Wang, R. Wang, S. M. Wang, A. Warburton, C. P. Ward, M. Warsinsky, P. M. Watkins, A. T. Watson, M. F. Watson, G. Watts, S. Watts, A. T. Waugh, B. M. Waugh, J. Weber, M. Weber, M. S. Weber, P. Weber, A. R. Weidberg, P. Weigell, J. Weingarten, C. Weiser, H. Wellenstein, P. S. Wells, M. Wen, T. Wenaus, S. Wendler, Z. Weng, T. Wengler, S. Wenig, N. Wermes, M. Werner, P. Werner, M. Werth, M. Wessels, C. Weydert, K. Whalen, S. J. Wheeler-Ellis, S. P. Whitaker, A. White, M. J. White, S. White, S. R. Whitehead, D. Whiteson, D. Whittington, F. Wicek, D. Wicke, F. J. Wickens, W. Wiedenmann, M. Wielers, P. Wienemann, C. Wiglesworth, L. A. M. Wiik, P. A. Wijeratne, A. Wildauer, M. A. Wildt, I. Wilhelm, H. G. Wilkens, J. Z. Will, E. Williams, H. H. Williams, W. Willis, S. Willocq, J. A. Wilson, M. G. Wilson, A. Wilson, I. Wingerter-Seez, S. Winkelmann, F. Winklmeier, M. Wittgen, M. W. Wolter, H. Wolters, G. Wooden, B. K. Wosiek, J. Wotschack, M. J. Woudstra, K. Wraight, C. Wright, B. Wrona, S. L. Wu, X. Wu, Y. Wu, E. Wulf, R. Wunstorf, B. M. Wynne, L. Xaplanteris, S. Xella, S. Xie, Y. Xie, C. Xu, D. Xu, G. Xu, B. Yabsley, M. Yamada, A. Yamamoto, K. Yamamoto, S. Yamamoto, T. Yamamura, J. Yamaoka, T. Yamazaki, Y. Yamazaki, Z. Yan, H. Yang, U. K. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Yang, S. Yanush, W-M. Yao, Y. Yao, Y. Yasu, G. V. Ybeles Smit, J. Ye, S. Ye, M. Yilmaz, R. Yoosoofmiya, K. Yorita, R. Yoshida, C. Young, S. Youssef, D. Yu, J. Yu, L. Yuan, A. Yurkewicz, V. G. Zaets, R. Zaidan, A. M. Zaitsev, Z. Zajacova, Yo. K. Zalite, L. Zanello, P. Zarzhitsky, A. Zaytsev, C. Zeitnitz, M. Zeller, A. Zemla, C. Zendler, A. V. Zenin, O. Zenin, T. Ženiš, Z. Zenonos, S. Zenz, D. Zerwas, G. Zevi della Porta, Z. Zhan, D. Zhang, H. Zhang, J. Zhang, X. Zhang, Z. Zhang, L. Zhao, T. Zhao, Z. Zhao, A. Zhemchugov, S. Zheng, J. Zhong, B. Zhou, N. Zhou, Y. Zhou, C. G. Zhu, H. Zhu, Y. Zhu, X. Zhuang, V. Zhuravlov, D. Zieminska, R. Zimmermann, S. Zimmermann, M. Ziolkowski, R. Zitoun, L. Živković, V. V. Zmouchko, G. Zobernig, A. Zoccoli, Y. Zolnierowski, A. Zsenei, M. zur Nedden, V. Zutshi, and L. Zwalinski
Published: 2011
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38. Reference Avionics Architecture for Lunar Surface Systems

Author: Somervill, Kevin M, Lapin, Jonathan C, and Schmidt, Oron L
Subjects: Avionics And Aircraft Instrumentation
Abstract: Developing and delivering infrastructure capable of supporting long-term manned operations to the lunar surface has been a primary objective of the Constellation Program in the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate. Several concepts have been developed related to development and deployment lunar exploration vehicles and assets that provide critical functionality such as transportation, habitation, and communication, to name a few. Together, these systems perform complex safety-critical functions, largely dependent on avionics for control and behavior of system functions. These functions are implemented using interchangeable, modular avionics designed for lunar transit and lunar surface deployment. Systems are optimized towards reuse and commonality of form and interface and can be configured via software or component integration for special purpose applications. There are two core concepts in the reference avionics architecture described in this report. The first concept uses distributed, smart systems to manage complexity, simplify integration, and facilitate commonality. The second core concept is to employ extensive commonality between elements and subsystems. These two concepts are used in the context of developing reference designs for many lunar surface exploration vehicles and elements. These concepts are repeated constantly as architectural patterns in a conceptual architectural framework. This report describes the use of these architectural patterns in a reference avionics architecture for Lunar surface systems elements.
Published: 2010

39. Bion 11 mission: primate experiments

Author: Ilyin, E. A, Korolkov, V. I, Skidmore, M. G, Viso, M, Kozlovskaya, I. B, Grindeland, R. E, Lapin, B. A, Gordeev, Y. V, Krotov, V. P, Fanton, J. W, Bielitzki, J. T, Golov, V. K, Magedov, V. S, and Hines, J. W
Subjects: Life Sciences (General)
Abstract: A summary is provided of the major operations required to conduct the wide range of primate experiments on the Bion 11 mission, which flew for 14 days beginning December 24, 1996. Information is given on preflight preparations, including flight candidate selection and training; attachment and implantation of bioinstrumentation; flight and ground experiment designs; onboard life support and test systems; ground and flight health monitoring; flight monkey selection and transport to the launch site; inflight procedures and data collection; postflight examinations and experiments; and assessment of results.
Published: 2000

40. Mars Pathfinder Mission Pioneers New Techniques, Presents Challenges for Test Engineers

Author: Smith, R, Galletly, R, and Lapin, M
Published: 1996

41. A fresh look at crater scaling laws for normal and oblique hypervelocity impacts

Author: Watts, A. J, Atkinson, D. R, Rieco, S. R, Brandvold, J. B, Lapin, S. L, and Coombs, C. R
Subjects: Spacecraft Design, Testing And Performance
Abstract: With the concomitant increase in the amount of man-made debris and an ever increasing use of space satellites, the issue of accidental collisions with particles becomes more severe. While the natural micrometeoroid population is unavoidable and assumed constant, continued launches increase the debris population at a steady rate. Debris currently includes items ranging in size from microns to meters which originated from spent satellites and rocket cases. To understand and model these environments, impact damage in the form of craters and perforations must be analyzed. Returned spacecraft materials such as those from LDEF and Solar Max have provided such a testbed. From these space-aged samples various impact parameters (i.e., particle size, particle and target material, particle shape, relative impact speed, etc.) may be determined. These types of analyses require the use of generic analytic scaling laws which can adequately describe the impact effects. Currently, most existing analytic scaling laws are little more than curve-fits to limited data and are not based on physics, and thus are not generically applicable over a wide range of impact parameters. During this study, a series of physics-based scaling laws for normal and oblique crater and perforation formation has been generated into two types of materials: aluminum and Teflon.
Published: 1993

42. Liquid and gaseous oxygen safety review

Author: Lapin, A
Subjects: Materials
Abstract: Materials used in oxygen systems and allowable oxygen environments are specified for each material. Design criteria, cleaning procedures and quality control methods are covered. Guidelines for protection against hazards involved with production, transportation, storage and use of oxygen are presented. Study also lists extensive references.
Published: 1973

43. Effect of the reaction of the medium on the operation of a radiator in a waveguide

Author: Lapin, A. D
Subjects: Physics, General
Abstract: Radiation impedance of cylindrical radiator in waveguide wth reflecting boundaries
Published: 1969

44. Radiation of an elastic discontinuous wall in a moving medium

Author: Lapin, A. D
Subjects: Physics, General
Abstract: Sound field generation by elastic discontinuous wall propagation in homogeneous fluid flow
Published: 1969

45. Turbulent boundary layer on a catalytic surface in a nonequilibrium dissociating gas

Author: Lapin, Yu. V
Subjects: Fluid Mechanics
Abstract: Approximate solution of turbulent boundary layer on plane catalytic surfaces in nonequilibrium dissociating gas environments
Published: 1967

46. Hydrogen vent flare stack performance.

Author: Lapin, A
Subjects: Propellants
Abstract: Hydrogen vent flare stack performance in adverse weather conditions
Published: 1967

47. The effects of transverse accelerations on the organism of female monkeys

Author: Artemyeva, N. S, Kotovskaya, A. R, Lapin, B. A, Shakhlamov, V. A, Simpura, S. F, and Vasilyev, P. V
Subjects: Biosciences
Abstract: Morphological deviations in reproductive organs of female monkeys subjected to transverse accelerations
Published: 1966

48. Heat transfer characteristics of boiling nitrogen and neon in narrow annuli.

Author: Lapin, A, Totten, H. C, and Wenzel, L. A
Subjects: Thermodynamics And Combustion
Abstract: Heat flux vs temperature and Nusselt number vs Reynolds number relations for nitrogen and neon boiling in narrow annuli
Published: 1965

49. Study of nitrogen and neon pool boiling on a short vertical pipe.

Author: Lapin, A, Totten, H. C, and Wenzel, L. A
Subjects: Thermodynamics And Combustion
Abstract: Nitrogen and neon pool boiling on short vertical pipe investigated for cryomagnets
Published: 1965

50. Heat transfer characteristics of boiling neon and nitrogen in narrow annuli final report, apr. 1962 - sep. 1963

Author: Lapin, A and Totten, H
Subjects: Thermodynamics And Combustion
Abstract: Heat transfer characteristics of boiling neon and nitrogen in narrow annuli
Published: 1965

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