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We have combined the benefits of two catalytic growth phenomena to form nanostructures of transition metal trichalcogenides (TMTs), materials that are challenging to grow in a nanostructured form by conventional techniques, as required to exploit their exotic physics. Our growth strategy combines the benefits of vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth in controlling dimension and growth location, and salt-assisted growth for fast growth at moderate temperatures. This salt-assisted VLS growth is enabled through use of a catalyst that includes Au and an alkali metal halide. We demonstrate high yields of NbS3 1D nanostructures with sub-ten nanometer diameter, tens of micrometers length, and distinct 1D morphologies consisting of nanowires and nanoribbons with [010] and [100] growth orientations, respectively. We present strategies to control the growth location, size, and morphology. We extend the growth method to synthesize other TMTs, NbSe3 and TiS3, as nanowires. Finally, we discuss the growth mechanism based on the relationships we measure between the materials characteristics (growth orientation, morphology and dimensions) and the growth conditions (catalyst volume and growth time). Our study introduces opportunities to expand the library of emerging 1D vdW materials and their heterostructures with controllable nanoscale dimensions., Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures

This position paper assesses the Pilot Breathing Assessment’s driving requirement to collect missing data on pilot breathing pressure, flow, rate, oxygen and CO2, simultaneously with aircraft data. Repeat measures data were collected over a 2-year period from 5 NASA test-pilots flying 8 flight profiles on NASA F-15 and F/A-18 (A, B) aircraft. This Pilot Breathing Assessment Systems Engineering (PiBASE) position paper serves as a case-study of systems engineering that accommodates the human as a distinct part of the whole. It acknowledges that a successful machine design intended for human use must include human systems biology/physiology as an integral part of planning, design, and implementation.