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The Software Engineering (SE) community has been embracing the open science policy and encouraging researchers to disclose artifacts in their publications. However, the status and trends of artifact practice and quality remain unclear, lacking insights on further improvement. In this paper, we present an empirical study to characterize the research artifacts in SE publications. Specifically, we manually collect 1,487 artifacts from all 2,196 papers published in top-tier SE conferences (ASE, FSE, ICSE, and ISSTA) from 2017 to 2022. We investigate the common practices (e.g., URL location and format, storage websites), maintenance activities (e.g., last update time and URL validity), popularity (e.g., the number of stars on GitHub and characteristics), and quality (e.g., documentation and code smell) of these artifacts. Based on our analysis, we reveal a rise in publications providing artifacts. The usage of Zenodo for sharing artifacts has significantly increased. However, artifacts stored in GitHub tend to receive few stars, indicating a limited influence on real-world SE applications. We summarize the results and provide suggestions to different stakeholders in conjunction with current guidelines., Comment: Accepted by Journal of Systems and Software (JSS 2024). Please include JSS in any citations

Many variants of join operations of graphs have been introduced and their spectral properties have been studied extensively by many researchers. This paper mainly focuses on the Laplacian spectra of some double join operations of graphs. We first introduce the conception of double join matrix and provide a complete information about its eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvectors. Further, we define four variants of double join operations based on subdivision graph, $Q$-graph, $R$-graph and total graph. Applying the result obtained for the double join matrix, we give an explicit complete characterization of the Laplacian eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvectors of four variants in terms of the Laplacian eigenvalues and the eigenvectors of the factor graphs. These results generalize some well-known results about some join operations of graphs., Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures, 21 conferences