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The larger battery capacities and the longer waiting and charging time of electric vehicles (EVs) results in low utilization of charging stations (CSs). This paper, proposes fuzzy logic weight based coordination (FLWC) scheme to enhance the utilization of CSs. Each EV has an associated uncertain information including stay time and the current state-of-charge (SoC). The fuzzy logic controller (FLC) analyze these inputs and determines a weight value. The proposed FLWC scheme then allocates CSs to the EVs according to the weight values. The proposed scheme is simulated for 100 EVs and 5 CSs using Matlab. The simulation result shows about 30% improvement in the average utilization of CSs as compared to first-come-first-serve (FCFS) based scheme.

In this paper, we introduce a class of graphs which we call average hereditary graphs. Most graphs that occur in the usual graph theory applications belong to this class of graphs. Many popular types of graphs fall under this class, such as regular graphs, trees and other popular classes of graphs. We prove a new upper bound for the chromatic number of a graph in terms of its maximum average degree and show that this bound is an improvement on previous bounds. From this, we show a relationship between the average degree and the chromatic number of an average hereditary graph. This class of graphs is explored further by proving some interesting properties regarding the class of average hereditary graphs. An equivalent condition is provided for a graph to be average hereditary, through which we show that we can decide if a given graph is average hereditary in polynomial time. We then provide a construction for average hereditary graphs, using which an average hereditary graph can be recursively constructed. We also show that this class of graphs is closed under a binary operation, from this another construction is obtained for average hereditary graphs, and we see some interesting algebraic properties this class of graphs has. We then explore the effect on the complexity of graph 3-coloring problem when the input is restricted to average hereditary graphs., Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures

In this paper, we consider decision trees that use both queries based on one attribute each and queries based on hypotheses about values of all attributes. Such decision trees are similar to ones studied in exact learning, where not only membership but also equivalence queries are allowed. We investigate the problem of recognition of monotone Boolean functions with $n$ variables, $n=2, \ldots, 4$, and the problem of sorting $n$ pairwise different elements from linearly ordered set, $n=3, \ldots, 6$. For each of these problems, we compare the complexity of different types of optimal (relative to the depth or the number of realizable nodes) decision trees with hypotheses. We also study the complexity of decision trees constructed by entropy-based greedy algorithm and analyze the length of decision rules derived from these trees.

We investigate at decision trees that incorporate both traditional queries based on one attribute and queries based on hypotheses about the values of all attributes. Such decision trees are similar to ones studied in exact learning, where membership and equivalence queries are allowed. We present greedy algorithms based on diverse uncertainty measures for construction of above decision trees and discuss results of computer experiments on various data sets from the UCI ML Repository and randomly generated Boolean functions. We also study the length and coverage of decision rules derived from the decisiontrees constructed by greedy algorithms.

In this paper, we analyze static traversable wormholes via Noether symmetry technique in modified Gauss-Bonnet $f(\mathcal{G})$ theory of gravity (where $\mathcal{G}$ represents Gauss-Bonnet term). We assume isotropic matter configuration and spherically symmetric metric. We construct three $f(\mathcal{G})$ models, i.e, linear, quadratic and exponential forms and examine the consistency of these models. The traversable nature of wormhole solutions is discussed via null energy bound of the effective stress-energy tensor while physical behavior is studied through standard energy bounds of isotropic fluid. We also discuss the stability of these wormholes inside the wormhole throat and conclude the presence of traversable and physically stable wormholes for quadratic as well as exponential $f(\mathcal{G})$ models., Comment: 28 pages, 14 figures, to appear in EPJC

An upper dominating set in a graph is a minimal (with respect to set inclusion) dominating set of maximum cardinality. The problem of finding an upper dominating set is generally NP-hard. We study the complexity of this problem in classes of graphs defined by finitely many forbidden induced subgraphs and conjecture that the problem admits a dichotomy in this family, i.e. it is either NP-hard or polynomial-time solvable for each class in the family. A helpful tool to study the complexity of an algorithmic problem on finitely defined classes of graphs is the notion of boundary classes. However, none of such classes has been identified so far for the upper dominating set problem. In the present paper, we discover the first boundary class for this problem and prove the dichotomy for classes defined by a single forbidden induced subgraph.

Located at the South Pole, IceCube is a particle-astrophysics observatory composed of a square-kilometer surface air shower array (IceTop) and a 1.4 km deep cubic-kilometer optical Cherenkov detector array. We review results of measurements of the cosmic ray spectrum and average mass in the energy range 1 PeV to 1 EeV., Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures; submitted to Advances in Space Research

A definition of intelligence is given in terms of performance that can be quantitatively measured. In this study, we have presented a conceptual model of Intelligent Agent System for Automatic Vehicle Checking Agent (VCA). To achieve this goal, we have introduced several kinds of agents that exhibit intelligent features. These are the Management agent, internal agent, External Agent, Watcher agent and Report agent. Metrics and measurements are suggested for evaluating the performance of Automatic Vehicle Checking Agent (VCA). Calibrate data and test facilities are suggested to facilitate the development of intelligent systems., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures

Software engineering is one of the most recent additions in various disciplines of system engineering. It has emerged as a key obedience of system engineering in a quick succession of time. Various Software Engineering approaches are followed in order to produce comprehensive software solutions of affordable cost with reasonable delivery timeframe with less uncertainty. All these objectives are only satisfied when project's status is properly monitored and controlled; eXtreme Programming (XP) uses the best practices of AGILE methodology and helps in development of small size software very sharply. In this paper, authors proposed that via XP, high quality software with less uncertainty and under estimated cost can be developed due to proper monitoring and controlling of project. Moreover, authors give guidelines that how activities of project management can be embedded into development life cycle of XP to enhance the quality of software products and reduce the uncertainty.

Management of project planning, monitoring, scheduling, estimation and risk management are critical issues faced by a project manager during development life cycle of software. In RUP, project management is considered as core discipline whose activities are carried in all phases during development of software products. On other side service monitoring is considered as best practice of SOA which leads to availability, auditing, debugging and tracing process. In this paper, authors define a strategy to incorporate the service monitoring of SOA into RUP to improve the artifacts of project management activities. Moreover, the authors define the rules to implement the features of service monitoring, which help the project manager to carry on activities in well define manner. Proposed frame work is implemented on RB (Resuming Bank) application and obtained improved results on PM (Project Management) work.

SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) is a new trend towards increasing the profit margins in an organization due to incorporating business services to business practices. Rational Unified Process (RUP) is a unified method planning form for large business applications that provides a language for describing method content and processes. The well defined mapping of SOA and RUP leads to successful completion of RUP software projects to provide services to their users. DOA (Digital Office Assistant) is a multi user SOA type application that provides appropriate viewer for each user to assist him through services. In this paper authors proposed the mapping strategy of SOA with RUP by considering DOA as case study., Comment: Journal of Computing, Vol. 2, Issue 1, January 2010, https://sites.google.com/site/journalofcomputing/

IceTop is an air shower array that is part of the IceCube Observatory currently under construction at the geographic South Pole. When completed, it will consist of 80 stations covering an area of 1 km2. Previous analyzes done with IceTop studied the events that triggered five or more stations, leading to an effective energy threshold of about 0.5 PeV. The goal of this study is to push this threshold lower, into the region where it will overlap with direct measurements of cosmic rays which currently have an upper limit around 300TeV.We select showers that trigger exactly three or exactly four adjacent surface stations that are not on the periphery of the detector (contained events). This extends the energy threshold down to 150TeV., Comment: 4 pages, Proceedings of the 31st ICRC, Lodz, Poland, July 2009

From the preliminary stage of software engineering, selection of appropriate enforcement of standards remained a challenge for stakeholders during entire cycle of software development, but it can lead to reduce the efforts desired for software maintenance phase. Corrective maintenance is the reactive modification of a software product performed after delivery to correct discovered faults. Studies conducted by different researchers reveal that approximately 50 to 75 percent of the effort is spent on maintenance, out of which about 17 to 21 percent is exercised on corrective maintenance. In this paper, authors proposed a RCM (Reduce Corrective Maintenance) model which represents the implementation process of number of checklists to guide the stakeholders of all phases of software development. These check lists will be filled by corresponding stake holder of all phases before its start. More precise usage of the check list in relevant phase ensures successful enforcement of analysis, design, coding and testing standards for reducing errors in operation stage. Moreover authors represent the step by step integration of checklists in software development life cycle through RCM model., Comment: 6 Pages IEEE format, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, IJCSIS 2009, ISSN 1947 5500, Impact Factor 0.423, http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/

One of the major goals of neutrino astronomy is to explore the otherwise unknown fluxes and interactions of ultrahigh energy neutrinos. The existing neutrino telescopes look at three types of events: particle showers, muons, and taus. In this paper we discuss the dependence of the event rates on the neutrino nucleon cross-sections as we scale the cross sections, with energy, in different scenarios beyond the standard model. Our focus will be on the IceCube detector., Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures; proceedings of the "TeV Particle Astrophysics II", Madison, Wisconsin; to be published in the Journal of Physics: Conference Series

We explore limits on low scale gravity models set by results from the Radio Ice Cherenkov Experiment's (RICE) ongoing search for cosmic ray neutrinos in the cosmogenic, or GZK, energy range. The bound on M_D, the fundamental scale of gravity, depends upon cosmogenic flux model, black hole formation and decay treatments, inclusion of graviton mediated elastic neutrino processes, and the number of large extra dimensions, d. Assuming proton-based cosmogenic flux models that cover a broad range of flux possibilities, we find bounds in the interval 0.9 TeV

High energy particle showers produce coherent Cherenkov radio emission in dense, radio-transparent media such as cold ice. Using PYTHIA and GEANT simulation tools, we make a comparative study among electromagnetic (EM) and hadronic showers initiated by single particles and neutrino showers initiated by multiple particles produced at the neutrino-nucleon event vertex. We include all the physics processes and do a complete 3-D simulation up to 100 TeV for all showers and to 1 PeV for electron and neutrino induced showers. We calculate the radio pulses for energies between 100 GeV and 1 PeV and find hadron showers, and consequently neutrino showers, are not as efficient below 1 PeV at producing radio pulses as the electromagnetic showers. The agreement improves as energy increases, however, and by a PeV and above the difference disappears. By looking at the 3-D structure of the showers in time, we show that the hadronic showers are not as compact as the EM showers and hence the radiation is not as coherent as EM shower emission at the same frequency. We show that the ratio of emitted pulse strength to shower tracklength is a function only of a single, coherence parameter, independent of species and energy of initiating particle., Comment: a few comments added, to bo published in PRD Nov. issue, 10 pages, 3 figures in tex file, 3 jpg figures in separate files, and 1 table

We show that LSG model predictions of event ratios are clearly distinguished from those of the SM. This is true in all models of ultrahigh energy (UHE) neutrino sources, in both $\nu_e:\nu_{\mu}:\nu_{\tau} = 1:1:1$ and $\nu_e:\nu_{\mu}:\nu_{\tau} = 1:2:0$ scenarios for the flux incident on earth. In particular the ratios of upward $\mu$ events to upward shower events and the ratios of up events to down events are different by a factor of 2 to an order of magnitude in the comparisons between SM and LSG. $\nu_{\tau}$ rates are low but show high sensitivity to SM vs LSG interaction physics., Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures, to appear in "Lake Louise Winter Institute 2004" conference proceedings

PeV neutrinos produce particle showers when they interact with the atomic nuclei in ice. We briefly describe characteristics of these showers and the radio Cherenkov signal produced by the showers. We study pulses from electromagnetic (em), hadronic, and combined em-hadronic showers and propose extrapolations to EeV energies., Comment: Made changes in figure captions and reference 6. 3 pages, to appear in "Lake Louise Winter Institute 2004" conference proceedings

We present extensive results and analysis of energy and angular distributions of diffuse UHE $\nu_{e}$, $\nu_{\mu}$, and $\nu_{\tau}$ fluxes propagated through earth, with and without augmentation of the standard model interactions by low scale gravity. With propagated fluxes in hand we estimate event rates in a $1km^{3}$ detector in ice with characteristics of ICECUBE. We determine that, at 0.5PeV energy threshold, there is a significant difference in the ratios of down shower events to upward muon events between the standard model and the low scale gravity cases with 1TeV and 2TeV mass scales. The same is true for energy threshold at 5PeV. Though the difference is large in all flux models, statistical significance of this difference depends on the flux models, especially at 5PeV and above. Both flavor assumptions, $\nu_{e}$, $\nu_{\mu}$, $\nu_{\tau}::1$, 2, 0 and $% \nu_{e}$, $\nu_{\mu}$, $\nu_{\tau}::1$, 1, 1, and all flux models show large differences. Though rates of tagged events are low, we find that $\nu_{\tau}$ regeneration by $\tau $ decay may play an important role in disclosing deviations from standard model predictions at energies in the neighborhood of 1 PeV for 1TeV-scale gravity, for example. We emphasize those analyses whose sensitivity to new physics is independent of the flux model assumed., Comment: Added two Sections and 4 Tables for event rates of taus, muons, and showers; added formalism, results, and discussion for event rates. 15 Pages, 14 Figures, and 6 Tables