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Presented here is a calculation of inelastic $J/\psi$ production in polarized photon-hadron collisions under the framework of NRQCD factorization formalism. We consider the photoproduction of $\jpsi$ in the energy range relevant to HERA. The Weizs\"acker-Williams approximation is adopted in the evaluation of the cross sections for $ep$ collisions. We found that this process can give another independent test for the color-octet mechanism, and the different features for the two color-octet processes may provide further informations on the mechanism for inelastic $\jpsi$ photoproduction. And the discrepancy on the production asymmetry $A$ between various sets of polarized gluon distribution functions is also found to be distinctive., Comment: 14pages, 6 PS figures

Data show that \tau_{B^{\pm}}\sim\tau_{B^0}, but \tau_{D^{\pm}}\sim 2\tau_{D^0}. The naive interpretation which attributes \tau_{D^{\pm}}\sim 2\tau_{D^0} to a destructive interference between two quark diagrams for D^{\pm} decays, definitely fails in the B-case. We investigate Close and Lipkin's suggestion that the phases for producing radially excited states \psi_{2s} in the decay products of B-mesons can possess an opposite sign to the integrals for \psi_{1s} decay products. Their contributions can partially compensate each other to result in \tau_{B^{\pm}}\sim\tau_{B^0}. Since D-mesons are much lighter than B-mesons, such possibilities do not exist in D-decays., Comment: 14 pages, latex, 4 ps figures. to appear in Phys. Rev. D

To describe possible effects of medium, besides the hamiltonian introduced by Mikheev, Smirnov and Wolfenstein (MSW), in principle, there may exist new terms in the evolution equation for the neutrino oscillation due to the environment. Considering a two-energy-level quantum system: $\nu_1-\nu_2$, two-species neutrino system which is embedded in a matter environment, we solve the neutrino evolution equation precisely with the possible extra terms, especially, those cause alternations between pure and mixed states of the neutrino quantum system. We obtain some remarkable features for the neutrino oscillations, which are different from that of MSW and accessible to be observed in solar neutrino observation and/or in the planned long-baseline neutrino experiments., Comment: Latex file, 12pages, no figures