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The OFDM sequences with low correlation sidelobe level (SLCL) is desired in many 5G wireless systems. In this letter, the OFDM sequences and mismatch filter are jointly designed to achieve the SLCL under the constraints of spectra and peak to average power ratio (PAPR). Specifically, we formulate the optimization problem by maximizing the peak side lobe ratio (PSLR) of the cross-correlation between the OFDM sequences and mismatch filter, subject to several practice constraints. To solve the nonconvex problem, an efficient alternating optimization (AltOpt) algorithm is proposed. Numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.

As a cost-effective alternative, hybrid analog and digital beamforming architecture is a promising scheme for millimeter wave (mmWave) system. This paper considers two hybrid beamforming architectures, i.e. the partially-connected and fully-connected structures, for mmWave dual-function radar communication (DFRC) system, where the transmitter communicates with the downlink users and detects radar targets simultaneously. The optimization problems are formulated by minimizing a weighted summation of radar and communication performance, subject to constant modulus and power constraints. To tackle the non-convexities caused by the two resultant problems, effective Riemannian optimization algorithms are proposed. Specifically, for the fully-connected structure, a manifold algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is developed. While for the partially-connected structure, a low-complexity Riemannian product manifold trust region (RPM-TR) algorithm is proposed to approach the near-optional solution. Numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Extremely low-resolution (e.g. one-bit) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and digital-to-analog converters (DACs) can substantially reduce hardware cost and power consumption for MIMO radar especially with large scale antennas. In this paper, we focus on the detection performance analysis and joint design for the MIMO radar with one-bit ADCs and DACs. Specifically, under the assumption of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and interference-to-noise ratio (INR), we derive the expressions of probability of detection ($\mathcal{P}_d$) and probability of false alarm ($\mathcal{P}_f$) for one-bit MIMO radar and also the theoretical performance gap to infinite-bit MIMO radars for the noise-only case. We further find that for a fixed $\mathcal{P}_f$, $\mathcal{P}_d$ depends on the defined quantized signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (QSINR), which is a function of the transmit waveform and receive filter. Thus, an optimization problem arises naturally to maximize the QSINR by joint designing the waveform and filter. For the formulated problem, we propose an alternatin\emph{g} wavefo\emph{r}m and filt\emph{e}r d\emph{e}sign for QSINR maximiza\emph{t}ion (GREET). At each iteration of GREET, the receive filter is upadted via the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) method, and the one-bit waveform is optimized based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm where the closed-form solutions are obtained for both the primary and slack variables. Numerical simulations are consistent to the theoretical performance analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design algorithm.

This paper considers the regularized estimation of covariance matrices (CM) of high-dimensional (compound) Gaussian data for minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamforming. Linear shrinkage is applied to improve the accuracy and condition number of the CM estimate for low-sample-support cases. We focus on data-driven techniques that automatically choose the linear shrinkage factors for shrinkage sample covariance matrix ($\text{S}^2$CM) and shrinkage Tyler's estimator (STE) by exploiting cross validation (CV). We propose leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) choices for the shrinkage factors to optimize the beamforming performance, referred to as $\text{S}^2$CM-CV and STE-CV. The (weighted) out-of-sample output power of the beamfomer is chosen as a proxy of the beamformer performance and concise expressions of the LOOCV cost function are derived to allow fast optimization. For the large system regime, asymptotic approximations of the LOOCV cost functions are derived, yielding the $\text{S}^2$CM-AE and STE-AE. In general, the proposed algorithms are able to achieve near-oracle performance in choosing the linear shrinkage factors for MVDR beamforming. Simulation results are provided for validating the proposed methods., Comment: To be submitted to the IEEE or Elsevier for possible publication

This paper investigates regularized estimation of Kronecker-structured covariance matrices (CM) for polarization radar in sea clutter scenarios where the data are assumed to follow the complex, elliptically symmetric (CES) distributions with a Kronecker-structured CM. To obtain a well-conditioned estimate of the CM, we add penalty terms of Kullback-Leibler divergence to the negative log-likelihood function of the associated complex angular Gaussian (CAG) distribution. This is shown to be equivalent to regularizing Tyler's fixed-point equations by shrinkage. A sufficient condition that the solution exists is discussed. An iterative algorithm is applied to solve the resulting fixed-point iterations and its convergence is proved. In order to solve the critical problem of tuning the shrinkage factors, we then introduce two methods by exploiting oracle approximating shrinkage (OAS) and cross-validation (CV). The proposed estimator, referred to as the robust shrinkage Kronecker estimator (RSKE), is shown to achieve better performance compared with several existing methods when the training samples are limited. Simulations are conducted for validating the RSKE and demonstrating its high performance by using the IPIX 1998 real sea data.

In this paper, we propose a fast method for array response adjustment with phase-only constraint. This method can precisely and rapidly adjust the array response of a given point by only varying the entry phases of a pre-assigned weight vector. We show that phase-only array response adjustment can be formulated as a polygon construction problem, which can be solved by edge rotation in complex plain. Unlike the existing approaches, the proposed algorithm provides an analytical solution and guarantees a precise phase-only adjustment without pattern distortion. Moreover, the proposed method is suitable for an arbitrarily given weight vector and has a low computational complexity. Representative examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm., Comment: This paper is submitted to IEEE Radar Conference 2019

In this paper, the complex-coefficient weight vector orthogonal decomposition ($ \textrm{C}^2\textrm{-WORD} $) algorithm proposed in Part I of this two paper series is extended to robust sidelobe control and synthesis with steering vector mismatch. Assuming that the steering vector uncertainty is norm-bounded, we obtain the worst-case upper and lower boundaries of array response. Then, we devise a robust $ \textrm{C}^2\textrm{-WORD} $ algorithm to control the response of a sidelobe point by precisely adjusting its upper-boundary response level as desired. To enhance the practicality of the proposed robust $ \textrm{C}^2\textrm{-WORD} $ algorithm, we also present detailed analyses on how to determine the upper norm boundary of steering vector uncertainty under various mismatch circumstances. By applying the robust $ \textrm{C}^2\textrm{-WORD} $ algorithm iteratively, a robust sidelobe synthesis approach is developed. In this approach, the upper-boundary response is adjusted in a point-by-point manner by successively updating the weight vector. Contrary to the existing approaches, the devised robust $ \textrm{C}^2\textrm{-WORD} $ algorithm has an analytical expression and can work starting from an arbitrarily-specified weight vector. Simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness and good performance of the robust $ \textrm{C}^2\textrm{-WORD} $ algorithm.

In this paper, the optimal and precise array response control (OPARC) algorithm proposed in Part I of this two paper series is extended from single point to multi-points. Two computationally attractive parameter determination approaches are provided to maximize the array gain under certain constraints. In addition, the applications of the multi-point OPARC algorithm to array signal processing are studied. It is applied to realize array pattern synthesis (including the general array case and the large array case), multi-constraint adaptive beamforming and quiescent pattern control, where an innovative concept of normalized covariance matrix loading (NCL) is proposed. Finally, simulation results are presented to validate the superiority and effectiveness of the multi-point OPARC algorithm., Comment: submitted to TSP

In this paper, the problem of how to optimally and precisely control array response levels is addressed. By using the concept of the optimal weight vector from the adaptive array theory and adding virtual interferences one by one, the change rule of the optimal weight vector is found and a new formulation of the weight vector update is thus devised. Then, the issue of how to precisely control the response level of one single direction is investigated. More specifically, we assign a virtual interference to a direction such that the response level can be precisely controlled. Moreover, the parameters, such as, the interference-to-noise ratio (INR), can be figured out according to the desired level. Additionally, the parameter optimization is carried out to obtain the maximal array gain. The resulting scheme is called optimal and precise array response control (OPARC) in this paper. To understand it better, its properties are given, and its comparison with the existing accurate array response control ($ {\textrm A}^2\textrm{RC} $) algorithm is provided. Finally, simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed OPARC., Comment: Submitted to TSP

This paper presents a novel array response control algorithm and its application to array pattern synthesis. The proposed algorithm considers how to flexibly and precisely adjust the array responses at multiple points, on the basis of one given weight vector. With the principle of adaptive beamforming, it is shown that the optimal weight vector for array response control can be equivalently obtained with a different manner, in which a linear transformation is conducted on the quiescent weight. This new strategy is utilized to realize multi-point precise array response control from one given weight vector, and it obtains a closed-form solution. A careful analysis shows that the response levels at given points can be independently, flexibly and accurately adjusted by simply varying the parameter vector, and that the uncontrolled region remains almost unchanged. By applying the proposed algorithm, an effective pattern synthesis approach is devised. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm., Comment: This paper is not accepted by ICASSP 2018