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The aim of this paper is to study convergence of Bousfield-Kan completions with respect to the 1-excisive approximation of the identity functor and exotic convergence of the Taylor tower of the identity functor, for algebras over operads in spectra centered away from the null object. In Goodwillie's homotopy functor calculus, being centered away from the null object amounts to doing homotopy theory and functor calculus in the retractive setting.

The Trinity test of July 16, 1945 marked the scientific apex of the Manhattan Project. Often recognized as the symbolic birth of the nuclear age, Trinity's multifaceted legacy remains just as captivating and complex as it did 75 years ago. This paper examines why the test was necessary from a technical standpoint, shows how Los Alamos scientists planned the event, and explores the physical and emotional aftermaths of Trinity. The author also uses rarely accessed original records to reconstruct the story of Trinity's health hazards, as seen through the eyes of radiation technicians and medical doctors as events unfolded. Trinity was conducted as the Potsdam Conference began, weeks after the collapse of Nazi Germany. It was considered necessary to let President Harry S. Truman know whether the United States possessed a nuclear capability ahead of his negotiations with Joseph Stalin, the Soviet premier. The author examines the competing priorities that drove the timetable for the test: international politics, security and safety. Three weeks after Trinity, a gun-assembled enriched-uranium bomb called Little Boy was used against the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Three days later, Fat Man, a weaponized version of the imploding Trinity device, was dropped on Nagasaki. The author briefly examines these strikes and what impact they may have had on the Japanese surrender. The paper concludes by examining the legacy of the Trinity test 75 years into the age it helped usher in.

The reaction $\Xi^-d\to n\Lambda\Lambda$ is studied within the framework of the Faddeev equations as a possible tool to gain insight into the final state $\Lambda$--$\Lambda$ interaction. The neutron differential energy spectrum gives a final state interaction that is sensitive to both the $\Lambda$--$\Lambda$ amplitude at threshold, and the coupling between the $\Lambda$--$\Lambda$ and $\Xi$--$N$ channels. The latter is a result of interference between two mechanisms for the production of the final state, which suggests that this reaction could give a measure of flavor SU(3) violation in the two-baryon system., Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Physical Reviw C

The Nijmegen OBE potential D is SU(3) rotated to model the strangeness -2 sector of the baryon-baryon force. Soft core repulsion is introduced to regularize the singular nature of the OBE functions. The strength of the $^1$S$_0$ $t=0$ interaction is adjusted to model three scenarios: (1) a bound state, (2) a narrow virtual, or antibound, state, and (3) an unbound state in which the force is weakly attractive. Using a separable approximation to these potentials, the binding energy of $^{6}_{\Lambda\Lambda}$He is calculated in an $\Lambda\Lambda\alpha$ model. The resultant binding energies suggest that the strength of the $^1$S$_0$ $t=0$ $\Lambda\Lambda$ and the $nn$ interactions should be similar, if the coupling between the $\Lambda\Lambda$ and $\Xi N$ channels is taken into consideration., Comment: 27 pages,2 eps figures

The $\Lambda\Lambda$ interaction resulting from the SU(3) rotation of the S-wave component of the Nijmegen OBE potential $D$ is used to calculate the binding energy of $^{ 6}_{\Lambda\Lambda}$He as a $\Lambda\Lambda\alpha$ three-body system, and the neutron differential energy spectrum for the reaction $\Xi^- + d \to n + \Lambda + \Lambda$., Comment: 5 pages and 9 eps files

Compares the effects of instructional art projects on children's behavioral responses and creativity in a sample of children residing in an emergency shelter. Results reveal that children produced more formed expressions and creative/design elements and less chaotic discharge and stereotypic art through the art project that involved few instructions and few materials. (Contains 23 references, 3 tables, and 1 figure.) (GCP)

The manual describes the Family, Infant, and Toddler Project for rural handicapped preschoolers and their families. The project, based on an ecological perspective, has three goals: to develop a demonstration service program, to increase the pool of qualified personnel, and to expand educational services to preschool aged mentally retarded children and their families in rural areas. Techniques used in establishing the program in rural communities are described. Referral, screening, and evaluation procedures (which include psychological and educational evaluation as well as family interviews) are described. The operation and design of the rural educational clinic are summarized in terms of facilities, staffing patterns, scheduling, liaison, program planning for families, and recordkeeping. Extensive appendixes include sample letters and forms, sample screening and evaluation reports, and parent interview summaries. (CL)

Presented is the final report of a project to develop and field test audio and visual media to accompany developmentally sequenced activities appropriate for a physical education program for handicapped children from preschool through high school. Brief sections cover the following: the purposes and accomplishments of the project; the population served (children in the Los Angeles City Schools), the project's focus (physical education for the handicapped), and scope of the project; procedures for staffing the project, for involving professional experts, for involving remedial physical education teachers, for producing S8mm loop films and audio-tape cassettes, and for field testing the materials with 2,800 students; and field test findings supporting the value of the materials developed. The bulk of the document consists of appended material with information on audio and visual media in five areas: motor and movement skills (such as guided running, rolling a ball, and catchinq hoops), playground and recreation skills (such as sand play, basketball, and soft tumblinq), rhythmic skills (walking, German clap dance, and rhythm circle), swimming skills (breath control, back float, and beginning stroke), and physical fitness (running endurance, jumping jacks, and balance). Casesette tapes and S8mm loop films for each activity are described in terms of who the program was planned for, the participants in field testing, the skill involved, length, summary, narration, instructions for the photographer, and instructions for the students. (SBH)

A model is presented that describes the relationship between one's knowledge of the world and the concomitant personal behaviors that serve as a mechanism to obtain desired outcomes. Integrated within this model are the differing roles that outcomes serve as motivators and as modifiers to one's worldview. The model is dichotomized between general and contextual applications. Because learner self-directedness (a personal characteristic) involves cognition and affection while self-directed learning (a pedagogic process) encompasses conation, behavior and introspection, the model can be dichotomized again in another direction. Presented also are the roles that cognitive motivation theories play in moving an individual through this behavioral model and the roles of wishes, self-efficacy, opportunity and self-influence.

Using a statewide sample of prospective teachers' results on the National Teacher Examinations (NTE), the investigation probed relationships between NTE Composite Scores, Weighted Common Examination Total (WCET) scores, and WCET subscores with selected predictor variables, specifically, American College Testing (ACT) Composite and Area Scores. Data were collected to describe the performance of Louisiana's potential teachers on the NTE and the ACT. Correlation coefficients were calculated for ACT and NTE scores and subscores. Weighted mean scores of Louisiana's students, grouped by level of certification, and state means for the entire sample on the Common Examinations of the NTE and its subdivisions were calculated, and comparisons were made of the distribution of scores grouped by level of certification. Mean scores of Lousiana's students, grouped by level of certification, and state means for the entire sample on the ACT and its areas were calculated, and comparisons were made of the distribution of scores grouped by level of certification. Levels of certification were elementary, secondary, or vocational and K-12. (Author/CM)

Three concerns investigated were: (1) the effect of two methods of teaching reading comprehension skills in a content area upon students' problem-solving performance on first-year algebra word problems; (2) the effects of three achievement levels of each assigned factor--reading comprehension, computational mathematics, and mathematical reasoning--upon students' problem-solving performance; and (3) overall mean gain scores in reading comprehension achievement by two treatment groups. Scores from 115 students who took the Algebra I Word Problem Test were analyzed. Overall mean gain scores from pretest, and posttest administration of the California Achievement Test: Reading Comprehension Subtest were analyzed. Results indicated that students using the Reading Guide Method outperformed students using the Directed Reading Method in problem solving performance. The problem solving performance of students in the above-average achievement level for mathematical reasoning was significantly greater than those in the below-average level. For above-average and average students in reading comprehension the Reading Guide Method was more effective; for below-average, the Directed Reading Method was more effective. (Author/YP)

Results are reported from the first low frequency radio receiver to be transported into the Jupiter magnetosphere. Dramatic new information was obtained both because Voyager was near or in Jupiter's radio emission sources and also because it was outside the relatively dense solar wind plasma of the inner solar system. Extensive radio arcs, from above 30 MHz to about 1 MHz, occurred in patterns correlated with planetary longitude. A newly discovered kilometric wavelength radio source may relate to the plasma torus near Io's orbit. In situ wave resonances near closest approach define an electron density profile along the Voyager trajectory and form the basis for a map of the torus. Studies in progress are outlined briefly.