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During vehicle guidance operations in alternating conditions conventional controller types as e.g. PID- or Fuzzy-controllers may not perform properly due to their constant parameter settings. To counteract these adverse effects adaptive controllers can be used instead. Adaptive controllers are capable to automatically adjust their behavior according to the set requirements on guidance quality. This work investigates the performance of a self-tuning controller (STC). The structure of the STC has some modifications in comparison to a conventional closed-loop system. These modifications are represented by two additional steps during the loop run, namely system identification and control calculation. The identification step is solved with the widespread recursive least square algorithm, which has real-time capability. The control calculation step is based on the identification step and aims at the provision of the regulating variable for the closed-loop system. Compared to the PID-controller the results show a slightly worse guidance performance of the adaptive controller for laboratory conditions. Whereas, the results for outdoor-scenarios indicate improved guidance performance of the adaptive controller compared to the PID-controller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a reprint of the article "Green garments: The closed loop is getting closer," which appeared in the August 4, 2014 issue of the website "Aroq-Just-Style.com." It states about the concept of closed loop supply chains and according to Anne Bonhoff, global head of chemistry for US-based certification agency UL's environment division, a closed loop as where "a complete supply chain is in the loop, under control from the beginning to the end."