Search

Whispering gallery mode (WGM) microdisk resonators are promising optical devices that confine light efficiently and enable enhanced nonlinear optical effects. This work presents a novel approach to reduce sidewall roughness in SiO\textsubscript{2} microdisk resonators using focused ion beam (FIB) polishing. The microdisks, with varying diameter ranging from 5 to 20 $\mu$m are fabricated using a multi-step fabrication scheme. However, the etching process introduces significant sidewall roughness, which increases with decreasing microdisk radius, degrading the resonators' quality. To address this issue, a FIB system is employed to polish the sidewalls, using optimized process parameters to minimize Ga ion implantation. White light interferometry measurements reveal a significant reduction in surface roughness from 7 nm to 20 nm for a 5 $\mu$m diameter microdisk, leading to a substantial enhancement in the scattering quality factor (Qss) from $3\times 10^2$ to $2\times 10^6$. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of FIB polishing in improving the quality of microdisk resonators and open up new possibilities for the fabrication of advanced photonic devices.

Results of extensive combined experimental and theoretical investigations on static and dynamic properties of Ir/Co/Pt multilayer with low uniaxial anisotropy and asymmetric Ir/Co and Co/Pt interfaces responsible for large interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (IDMI) are presented. Within longitudinal magneto-optical Kerr effect-based microscopy and magnetic force microscopy studies a complex magnetic configuration was detected: large in-plane magnetized domains of several dozen micrometers size were modulated by a weak stripe domain pattern with periods of about 100 nm. Using Brillouin Light Scattering spectrometry, the hysteresis of the Stokes and anti-Stokes peaks frequencies was observed as a function of the magnetic field. This hysteretic behavior associated with IDMI-induced asymmetry of spin waves dispersion is correlated with switching of the large macro-domains. Using micromagnetic simulations we determine field-dependent magnetization distributions and dispersion relations, proposing an explanation of the observed behavior. The investigated nanostructure can be used as non-volatile spin waves velocity switcher., Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Rewiev B, https://journals.aps.org/prb/accepted/ce071O5bHbf17c5401c04140b8bb51c940576e842

With the increase of data in day-to-day life, businesses and different stakeholders need to analyze the data for better predictions. Traditionally, relational data has been a source of various insights, but with the increase in computational power and the need to understand deeper relationships between entities, the need to design new techniques has arisen. For this graph data analysis has become an extraordinary tool for understanding the data, which reveals more realistic and flexible modelling of complex relationships. Recently, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown great promise in various applications, such as social network analysis, recommendation systems, drug discovery, and more. However, many adversarial attacks can happen over the data, whether during training (poisoning attack) or during testing (evasion attack), which can adversely manipulate the desired outcome from the GNN model. Therefore, it is crucial to make the GNNs robust to such attacks. The existing robustness methods are computationally demanding and perform poorly when the intensity of attack increases. This paper presents a computationally efficient framework, namely, pLapGNN, based on weighted p-Laplacian for making GNNs robust. Empirical evaluation on real datasets establishes the efficacy and efficiency of the proposed method., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures

We investigate the two-dimensional behavior of colloidal patchy ellipsoids specifically designed to follow a two-step assembly process from the monomer state to mesoscopic liquid-crystal phases, via the formation of so-called bent-core units at the intermediate stage. Our model comprises a binary mixture of ellipses interacting via the Gay-Berne potential and decorated by surface patches, with the binary components being mirror-image variants of each other - referred to as left-handed and right-handed ellipses according to the position of their patches. The surface patches are designed so as in the first stage of the assembly the monomers form bent-cores units, i.e. V-shaped dimers with a specific bent angle. The Gay-Berne interactions, which act between the ellipses, drive the dimers to subsequently form the characteristic phase observed in bent-core liquid crystals. We numerically investigate -- by means of both Molecular Dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations -- the described two-step process: we first optimize a target bent-core unit and we then fully characterize its state diagram in temperature and density, defining the regions where the different liquid crystalline phases dominate.

We propose the problem of wiretapped commitment, where two parties, say committer Alice and receiver Bob, engage in a commitment protocol using a noisy channel as a resource, in the presence of an eavesdropper, say Eve. Noisy versions of Alice's transmission over the wiretap channel are received at both Bob and Eve. We seek to determine the maximum commitment throughput in the presence of an eavesdropper, i.e., wiretapped commitment capacity, where in addition to the standard security requirements for two-party commitment, one seeks to ensure that Eve doesn't learn about the commit string. A key interest in this work is to explore the effect of collusion (or lack of it) between the eavesdropper Eve and either Alice or Bob. Toward the same, we present results on the wiretapped commitment capacity under the so-called 1-private regime (when Alice or Bob cannot collude with Eve) and the 2-private regime (when Alice or Bob may possibly collude with Eve)., Comment: 13 Pages, 1 figure

Atmospheric neutrinos can act as a tool to probe the interior of Earth using weak interactions, and can provide information complementary to that obtained from gravitational and seismic measurements. While passing through Earth, multi-GeV neutrinos encounter Earth matter effects due to the coherent forward scattering with the ambient electrons, which alter the neutrino oscillation probabilities. These matter effects depend upon the density distribution of electrons inside Earth, and hence, can be used to determine the internal structure of Earth. In this work, we employ a five-layered model of Earth where the layer densities and radii are modified, keeping the mass and moment of inertia of Earth unchanged and respecting the hydrostatic equilibrium condition. We use the proposed INO-ICAL detector as an example of an atmospheric neutrino experiment that can distinguish between neutrinos and antineutrinos efficiently in the multi-GeV energy range. Our analysis demonstrates the role such an experiment can play in simultaneously constraining the density jumps inside Earth and the location of the core-mantle boundary., Comment: 34 pages, 10 figures, and 3 tables. Comments are welcome

We address the growing apprehension that GNNs, in the absence of fairness constraints, might produce biased decisions that disproportionately affect underprivileged groups or individuals. Departing from previous work, we introduce for the first time a method for incorporating the Gini coefficient as a measure of fairness to be used within the GNN framework. Our proposal, GRAPHGINI, works with the two different goals of individual and group fairness in a single system, while maintaining high prediction accuracy. GRAPHGINI enforces individual fairness through learnable attention scores that help in aggregating more information through similar nodes. A heuristic-based maximum Nash social welfare constraint ensures the maximum possible group fairness. Both the individual fairness constraint and the group fairness constraint are stated in terms of a differentiable approximation of the Gini coefficient. This approximation is a contribution that is likely to be of interest even beyond the scope of the problem studied in this paper. Unlike other state-of-the-art, GRAPHGINI automatically balances all three optimization objectives (utility, individual, and group fairness) of the GNN and is free from any manual tuning of weight parameters. Extensive experimentation on real-world datasets showcases the efficacy of GRAPHGINI in making significant improvements in individual fairness compared to all currently available state-of-the-art methods while maintaining utility and group equality.

A non-zero $\mathbb{F}$-linear map from a finite-dimensional commutative $\mathbb{F}$-algebra to $\mathbb{F}$ is called an $\mathbb{F}$-valued trace if its kernel does not contain any non-zero ideals. In this article, we utilize an $\mathbb{F}_2$-valued trace of the $\mathbb{F}_2$-algebra $\mathcal{R}_2:=\mathbb{F}_2[x]/\langle x^3-x\rangle$ to study binary subfield code $\mathcal{C}_D^{(2)}$ of $\mathcal{C}_D:=\{\left(x\cdot d\right)_{d\in D}: x\in \mathcal{R}_2^m\}$ for each defining set $D$ derived from a certain simplicial complex. For $m\in \mathbb{N}$ and $X\subseteq \{1, 2, \dots, m\}$, define $\Delta_X:=\{v\in \mathbb{F}_2^m: \Supp(v)\subseteq X\}$ and $D:=(1+u^2)D_1+u^2D_2+(u+u^2)D_3,$ a subset of $\mathcal{R}_2^m,$ where $u=x+\langle x^3-x\rangle, D_1\in \{\Delta_L, \Delta_L^c\},\, D_2\in \{\Delta_M, \Delta_M^c\}$ and $ D_3\in \{\Delta_N, \Delta_N^c\}$, for $L, M, N\subseteq \{1, 2, \dots, m\}.$ The parameters and the Hamming weight distribution of the binary subfield code $\mathcal{C}_D^{(2)}$ of $\mathcal{C}_D$ are determined for each $D.$ These binary subfield codes are minimal under certain mild conditions on the cardinalities of $L, M$ and $N$. Moreover, most of these codes are distance-optimal. Consequently, we obtain a few infinite families of minimal, self-orthogonal and distance-optimal binary linear codes that are either $2$-weight or $4$-weight. It is worth mentioning that we have obtained several new distance-optimal binary linear codes.

Atmospheric neutrinos offer the possibility of exploring the internal structure of Earth. This information is complementary to the traditional probes of seismic and gravitational studies. While propagating through Earth, the multi-GeV neutrinos encounter the Earth's matter effects due to the coherent forward scattering with the ambient electrons, which alters the neutrino oscillation probabilities. We present how well an atmospheric neutrino oscillation experiment like the 50 kt Iron Calorimeter (ICAL) detector at India-based Neutrino Observatory would validate the presence of Earth's core, measure the location of the core-mantle boundary (CMB), and probe the dark matter (DM) inside the Earth in a unique way through Earth matter effects in neutrino oscillations. Owing to good angular resolution, ICAL can observe the core-passing neutrinos efficiently. Due to its magnetized setup, it would be able to observe neutrinos and antineutrinos separately. With 500 kt$\cdot$yr exposure, the presence of Earth's core can be independently confirmed at ICAL with a median $\Delta\chi^2$ of 7.45 (4.83) for normal (inverted) mass ordering. With 1000 kt$\cdot$yr exposure, ICAL would be able to locate the CMB with a precision of about $\pm$ 250 km at $1\sigma$. It would also be sensitive to the possible presence of dark matter with 3.5% of the mass of Earth at $1\sigma$. The charge identification capability of ICAL would play an important role in achieving these precisions., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures; contribution to proceedings of The European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics (EPS-HEP2023)

In the realm of quantum information and sensing, there has been substantial interest in the single-photon emission associated with defects in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). With the goal of producing deterministic emission centers, in this work, we present a platform for engineering emission in hBN integrated with gold truncated nanocone structures. Our findings highlights that, the activation of emission is due to the truncated gold nanocones. Furthermore, we measure the quantum characteristics of this emission and find that while our system demonstrates support for single-photon emission, the origin of this emission remains ambiguous. Specifically, it is unclear whether the emission arises from defects generated by the induced strain or from alternative defect mechanisms. This uncertainty stems from the fluorescence properties inherent to gold, complicating our definitive attribution of the quantum emission source. To provide a rigorous theoretical foundation, we elucidate the effects of strain via the Kirchhoff-Love theory. Additionally, the enhancements observed due to plasmonic effects are comprehensively explained through the resolution of Maxwell's equations. This study will be useful for the development of deterministic and tunable single photonic sources in two dimensional materials and their integration with plasmonic platforms.

Monolithic integration of solid-state color centers with photonic elements of the same material is a promising approach to overcome the constraints of fabrication complexity and coupling losses in traditional hybrid integration approaches. A wide band-gap, low-loss silicon nitride (SiN) platform is a mature technology, having CMOS compatibility, widely used in hybrid integrated photonics and optoelectronics. However, it has been shown that certain growth conditions enable the SiN material to host color centers, whose origin is currently under investigation. In this work, we have engineered a novel technique for the efficient coupling of these intrinsic emitters into the whispering gallery modes (WGMs) of the SiN microring cavity -- which has not been explored previously. We have engineered a subwavelength-sized notch into the rim of the SiN microring structure, to optimize the collection efficiency of the cavity-coupled enhanced photoluminescence (PL) spectra at room temperature. The platform presented in this work will enable the development of monolithic integration of color centers with nanophotonic elements for application to quantum photonic technologies.

Ensuring fairness in Recommendation Systems (RSs) across demographic groups is critical due to the increased integration of RSs in applications such as personalized healthcare, finance, and e-commerce. Graph-based RSs play a crucial role in capturing intricate higher-order interactions among entities. However, integrating these graph models into the Federated Learning (FL) paradigm with fairness constraints poses formidable challenges as this requires access to the entire interaction graph and sensitive user information (such as gender, age, etc.) at the central server. This paper addresses the pervasive issue of inherent bias within RSs for different demographic groups without compromising the privacy of sensitive user attributes in FL environment with the graph-based model. To address the group bias, we propose F2PGNN (Fair Federated Personalized Graph Neural Network), a novel framework that leverages the power of Personalized Graph Neural Network (GNN) coupled with fairness considerations. Additionally, we use differential privacy techniques to fortify privacy protection. Experimental evaluation on three publicly available datasets showcases the efficacy of F2PGNN in mitigating group unfairness by 47% - 99% compared to the state-of-the-art while preserving privacy and maintaining the utility. The results validate the significance of our framework in achieving equitable and personalized recommendations using GNN within the FL landscape., Comment: To appear as a full paper in AAAI 2024

We study self-assembly in a colloidal suspension of magnetic particles by performing comprehensive molecular dynamics simulations of the Stockmayer (SM) model which comprises spherical particles decorated by a magnetic moment. The SM potential incorporates dipole-dipole interactions along with the usual Lennard-Jones interaction and exhibits a gas-liquid phase coexistence observed experimentally in magnetic fluids. When this system is quenched from the high-temperature homogeneous phase to the coexistence region, the non-equilibrium evolution to the condensed phase proceeds with the development of spatial as well as magnetic order. We observe density-dependent coarsening mechanisms - a diffusive growth law $\ell(t)\sim t^{1/3}$ in the nucleation regime, and hydrodynamics-driven inertial growth law $\ell(t)\sim t^{2/3}$ in the spinodal regimes. [$\ell(t)$ is the average size of the condensate at time $t$ after the quench.] While the spatial growth is governed by the expected conserved order parameter dynamics, the growth of magnetic order in the spinodal regime exhibits unexpected non-conserved dynamics. The asymptotic morphologies have density-dependent shapes which typically include the isotropic sphere and spherical bubble morphologies in the nucleation region, and the anisotropic cylinder, planar slab, cylindrical bubble morphologies in the spinodal region. The structures are robust and nonvolatile and exhibit characteristic magnetic properties. For example, the oppositely magnetized hemispheres in the spherical morphology impart the characteristics of a {\it Janus particle} to it. The observed structures have versatile applications in catalysis, drug delivery systems, memory devices, and magnetic photonic crystals, to name a few., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures

Commitment is a key primitive which resides at the heart of several cryptographic protocols. Noisy channels can help realize information-theoretically secure commitment schemes, however, their imprecise statistical characterization can severely impair such schemes, especially their security guarantees. Keeping our focus on channel unreliability in this work, we study commitment over unreliable continuous alphabet channels called the Gaussian unfair noisy channels or Gaussian UNCs. We present the first results on the optimal throughput or commitment capacity of Gaussian UNCs. It is known that classical Gaussian channels have infinite commitment capacity, even under finite transmit power constraints. For unreliable Gaussian UNCs, we prove the surprising result that their commitment capacity may be finite, and in some cases, zero. When commitment is possible, we present achievable rate lower bounds by constructing positive - throughput protocols under given input power constraint, and (two-sided) channel elasticity at committer Alice and receiver Bob. Our achievability results establish an interesting fact - Gaussian UNCs with zero elasticity have infinite commitment capacity - which brings a completely new perspective to why classic Gaussian channels, i.e., Gaussian UNCs with zero elasticity, have infinite capacity. Finally, we precisely characterize the positive commitment capacity threshold for a Gaussian UNC in terms of the channel elasticity, when the transmit power tends to infinity., Comment: The paper follows alphabetical author order. AKY, MM, and PJ have equally contributed to this work

Given two jointly distributed random variables $(X,Y)$, a functional representation of $X$ is a random variable $Z$ independent of $Y$, and a deterministic function $g(\cdot, \cdot)$ such that $X=g(Y,Z)$. The problem of finding a minimum entropy functional representation is known to be equivalent to the problem of finding a minimum entropy coupling where, given a collection of probability distributions $P_1, \dots, P_m$, the goal is to find a coupling $X_1, \dots, X_m$ ($X_i \sim P_i)$ with the smallest entropy $H_\alpha(X_1, \dots, X_m)$. This paper presents a new information spectrum converse, and applies it to obtain direct lower bounds on minimum entropy in both problems. The new results improve on all known lower bounds, including previous lower bounds based on the concept of majorization. In particular, the presented proofs leverage both - the information spectrum and the majorization - perspectives on minimum entropy couplings and functional representations., Comment: 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT)

Strong coupling of excitons to optical cavity modes is of immense importance to understanding the fundamental physics of quantum electrodynamics at the nanoscale as well as for practical applications in quantum information technologies. There have been several attempts at achieving strong coupling between excitons in two dimensional semiconductors such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and photonic quasi-bound states in the continuum (BICs). We identify two gaps in the platforms for achieving strong coupling between TMDC excitons and photonic quasi-BICs: firstly, in the studies so far, different cavity architectures have been employed for coupling to different TMDCs. This would mean that typically, the fabrication process flow for the cavities will need to be modified as one moves from one TMDC to the other, which can limit the technological progress in the field. Secondly, there has been no discussion of the impact of fabrication imperfections in the studies on strong coupling of these subsystems so far. In this work, we address these two questions by optimizing a cavity with the same architecture which can couple to the four typical TMDCs (MoS$_2$, WS$_2$, MoSe$_2$, WSe$_2$) and perform a detailed investigation on the fabrication tolerance of the associated photonic quasi-BICs and their impact on strong coupling.

In the present work, we will derive the expression for the change in direction of the electric field using the Lorentz transformation for inertial frame or un-accelerated frame. The acceleration also influences the observed rate of a moving clock in addition to the influence due to its velocity. So we will also derive the expression for the change in direction of the electric field using the Lorentz-type transformation (as given by Friedman) for non-inertial frame or uniformly accelerated frame.

Atmospheric neutrinos provide a unique avenue to explore the internal structure of Earth based on weak interactions, which is complementary to seismic studies and gravitational measurements. In this work, we demonstrate that the atmospheric neutrino oscillations in the presence of Earth matter can serve as an important tool to locate the core-mantle boundary (CMB). An atmospheric neutrino detector like the proposed 50 kt magnetized ICAL at INO can observe the core-passing neutrinos efficiently. These neutrinos would have experienced the MSW resonance and the parametric or neutrino oscillation length resonance. The net effect of these resonances on neutrino flavor conversions depends upon the location of CMB and the density jump at that radius. We quantify the capability of ICAL to measure the location of CMB in the context of multiple three-layered models of Earth. For the model where the density and the radius of core are kept flexible while the mass and radius of Earth as well as the densities of outer and inner mantle are fixed, ICAL can determine the location of CMB with a 1$\sigma$ precision of about 250 km with an exposure of 1000 kt$\cdot$yr. With the 81-layered PREM profile, this $1\sigma$ precision would be about 350 km. The charge identification capability of ICAL plays an important role in achieving this precision., Comment: 36 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables, and two appendices. A new appendix B with a new figure 11 added to show the sensitivities using the 81-layered PREM profile and some sentences added in the abstract, main text, and summary to discuss these new results. The results obtained without marginalizing over the oscillation parameters in the fit added in table 5. Matches with the published version in JHEP

We propose an algorithm to find a lower bound for the number of cyclic codes over any finite field with any given exponent. Besides, we give a formula to find the exponent of BCH codes.

Although the field of 2D materials has democratized materials science by making high quality samples accessible cheaply, due to the atomically thin nature of these systems, an integration with nanostructures is almost always required to obtain a significant optical response. Traditionally, these nanostructures are fabricated via electron beam lithography or focused ion beam milling, which are expensive and large area fabrication can be further time consuming. In order to overcome this problem, we report the integration of 2D semiconductors on a cost-effective and large area fabricated nanocone platform. We show that the plasmon modes of our nanocone structures lead to photoluminescence (PL) enhancement of monolayer WSe$_2$ by about eight to ten times compared to the non-plasmonic case, consistent with finite-difference time-domain simulations. Excitation power-dependent measurements reveal that our nanocone platform enables a versatile route to engineering the relative exciton trion contributions to the emission.

Furukawa predicted that at late times, the domain growth in binary fluids scales as $\ell(t)\sim t^{2/3}$, and the growth is driven by fluid inertia. The {\it inertial growth regime} has been highly elusive in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We perform coarsening studies of the Stockmayer (SM) model comprising of magnetic dipoles that interact via long-range dipolar interactions as well as the usual Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential. This fascinating polar fluid exhibits a gas-liquid phase coexistence, and magnetic order even in the absence of an external field. From comprehensive MD simulations, we observe the inertial scaling [$\ell(t)\sim t^{2/3}$] in the SM fluid for an extended time window. Intriguingly, the fluid inertia is overwhelming from the outset - our simulations do not show the early diffusive regime [$\ell(t)\sim t^{1/3}$] and the intermediate viscous regime [$\ell(t)\sim t$] prevalent in LJ fluids.

The interior of Earth's core can be explored using weak interactions of atmospheric neutrinos. This would complement gravitational and seismic measurements, paving the way for multimessenger tomography of Earth. Oscillations of atmospheric neutrinos passing through Earth are affected by the ambient electron density. We demonstrate that atmospheric neutrinos can probe the possible existence of dark matter inside Earth's core in a unique way - by measuring the amount of baryonic matter using neutrino oscillations. We find that a detector like ICAL at INO with muon charge identification capability can be sensitive to dark matter with $\sim5\%-6\%$ mass of Earth, at 1$\sigma$ level with 500 kt$\cdot$yr exposure. We show that while it will not be possible to identify the dark matter profile using neutrino oscillation experiments, the baryonic matter profile inside the core can be probed with atmospheric neutrinos., Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, and 1 appendix. Title and abstract modified. Table 1, Figure 5, and an Appendix added. Text has been added and rearranged for clarification. This version has the same contents as in the article published in Physical Review D

Commitment is an important cryptographic primitive. It is well known that noisy channels are a promising resource to realize commitment in an information-theoretically secure manner. However, oftentimes, channel behaviour may be poorly characterized thereby limiting the commitment throughput and/or degrading the security guarantees; particularly problematic is when a dishonest party, unbeknown to the honest one, can maliciously alter the channel characteristics. Reverse elastic channels (RECs) are an interesting class of such unreliable channels, where only a dishonest committer, say, Alice can maliciously alter the channel. RECs have attracted recent interest in the study of several cryptographic primitives. Our principal contribution is the REC commitment capacity characterization; this proves a recent related conjecture. A key result is our tight converse which analyses a specific cheating strategy by Alice. RECs are closely related to the classic unfair noisy channels (UNCs); elastic channels (ECs), where only a dishonest receiver Bob can alter the channel, are similarly related. In stark contrast to UNCs, both RECs and ECs always exhibit positive commitment throughput for all non-trivial parameters. Interestingly, our results show that channels with exclusive one-sided elasticity for dishonest parties, exhibit a fundamental asymmetry where a committer with one-sided elasticity has a more debilitating effect on the commitment throughput than a receiver., Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures

Integration of conventional mid to long-wavelength infrared polarizers with chip-scale platforms is restricted by their bulky size and complex fabrication. Van der Waals materials based polarizer can address these challenges due to its non-lithographic fabrication, ease of integration with chip-scale platforms, and room temperature operation. In the present work, mid-IR optical response of the sub-wavelength thin films of $\alpha$-MoO$_3$ is investigated for application towards high temperature mid-IR transmission and reflection type thin film polarizer. To our knowledge, this is the first report of above room temperature mid-IR optical response of $\alpha$-MoO$_3$ to determine the thermal stability of the proposed device. We find that our $\alpha$-MoO$_3$ based polarizer retains high extinction ratio with peak value exceeding 10 dB, up to a temperature of 140$^{\circ}$C. We explain our experimental findings by natural in-plane hyperbolic anisotropy of $\alpha$-MoO$_3$ in the mid-IR, high temperature X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic measurements. This work opens up new avenues for naturally in-plane hyperbolic van der Waals thin-films to realize sub-wavelength IR optical components without lithographic constraints., Comment: Corrected affiliation

The article is a study of two algebraic structures, the `contrapositionally complemented pseudo-Boolean algebra' (ccpBa) and `contrapositionally $\vee$ complemented pseudo-Boolean algebra' (c$\vee$cpBa). The algebras have recently been obtained from a topos-theoretic study of categories of rough sets. The salient feature of these algebras is that there are two negations, one intuitionistic and another minimal in nature, along with a condition connecting the two operators. We study properties of these algebras, give examples, and compare them with relevant existing algebras. `Intuitionistic Logic with Minimal Negation (ILM)' corresponding to ccpBas and its extension ILM-${\vee}$ for c$\vee$cpBas, are then investigated. Besides its relations with intuitionistic and minimal logics, ILM is observed to be related to Peirce's logic. With a focus on properties of the two negations, two kinds of relational semantics for ILM and ILM-${\vee}$ are obtained, and an inter-translation between the two semantics is provided. Extracting features of the two negations in the algebras, a further investigation is made, following logical studies of negations that define the operators independently of the binary operator of implication. Using Dunn's logical framework for the purpose, two logics $K_{im}$ and $K_{im-{\vee}}$ are presented, where the language does not include implication. $K_{im}$-algebras are reducts of ccpBas. The negations in the algebras are shown to occupy distinct positions in an enhanced form of Dunn's Kite of negations. Relational semantics for $K_{im}$ and $K_{im-{\vee}}$ are given, based on Dunn's compatibility frames. Finally, relationships are established between the different algebraic and relational semantics for the logics defined in the work., Comment: 36 pages

Task oriented dialog agents provide a natural language interface for users to complete their goal. Dialog State Tracking (DST), which is often a core component of these systems, tracks the system's understanding of the user's goal throughout the conversation. To enable accurate multi-domain DST, the model needs to encode dependencies between past utterances and slot semantics and understand the dialog context, including long-range cross-domain references. We introduce a novel architecture for this task to encode the conversation history and slot semantics more robustly by using attention mechanisms at multiple granularities. In particular, we use cross-attention to model relationships between the context and slots at different semantic levels and self-attention to resolve cross-domain coreferences. In addition, our proposed architecture does not rely on knowing the domain ontologies beforehand and can also be used in a zero-shot setting for new domains or unseen slot values. Our model improves the joint goal accuracy by 5% (absolute) in the full-data setting and by up to 2% (absolute) in the zero-shot setting over the present state-of-the-art on the MultiWoZ 2.1 dataset., Comment: Thirty-Fourth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2020)

This technical note rectified the mathematical and conceptual errors present in Liao et al. (2014). Liao et al. (2014) proposed an EOQ model under two-levels trade credit policy considering limited storage capacity whereby the supplier provides a permissible delay period (M) to the retailer, and the retailer also offers a permissible delay period (N) (whereM > N) to its customers. In the current technical note, we point out some defects of their model from the logical viewpoints of mathematics regarding both interest charged and interest earned. Furthermore, as an example, one of the affected numerical results is re-evaluated.

MultiWOZ 2.0 (Budzianowski et al., 2018) is a recently released multi-domain dialogue dataset spanning 7 distinct domains and containing over 10,000 dialogues. Though immensely useful and one of the largest resources of its kind to-date, MultiWOZ 2.0 has a few shortcomings. Firstly, there is substantial noise in the dialogue state annotations and dialogue utterances which negatively impact the performance of state-tracking models. Secondly, follow-up work (Lee et al., 2019) has augmented the original dataset with user dialogue acts. This leads to multiple co-existent versions of the same dataset with minor modifications. In this work we tackle the aforementioned issues by introducing MultiWOZ 2.1. To fix the noisy state annotations, we use crowdsourced workers to re-annotate state and utterances based on the original utterances in the dataset. This correction process results in changes to over 32% of state annotations across 40% of the dialogue turns. In addition, we fix 146 dialogue utterances by canonicalizing slot values in the utterances to the values in the dataset ontology. To address the second problem, we combined the contributions of the follow-up works into MultiWOZ 2.1. Hence, our dataset also includes user dialogue acts as well as multiple slot descriptions per dialogue state slot. We then benchmark a number of state-of-the-art dialogue state tracking models on the MultiWOZ 2.1 dataset and show the joint state tracking performance on the corrected state annotations. We are publicly releasing MultiWOZ 2.1 to the community, hoping that this dataset resource will allow for more effective models across various dialogue subproblems to be built in the future., Comment: Data release writeup

The in-medium masses of the kaons and antikaons in strongly magnetized asymmetric nuclear matter are studied using a chiral SU(3) model. The medium modifications of the masses of these open strange pseudoscalar mesons arise due to their interactions with the nucleons and scalar mesons within the model. The proton, the charged nucleon, has effects from the Landau energy levels in the presence of the magnetic field. The anomalous magnetic moments (AMM) of the nucleons are taken into consideration in the present study and these are seen to be large at high magnetic fields and high densities. The isospin effects are appreciable at high densities. The density effects are observed to be the dominant medium effects, as compared to the effects from magnetic field and isospin asymmetry., Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures, version to be published in Eur. Phys. Jour. A. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1712.07997

Gravitational redshift is generally reported by most of the authors without considering the influence of the energy of the test particle using various spacetime geometries such as Schwarzschild, Reissner-Nordstrom, Kerr and Kerr-Newman geometries for static, charged static, rotating and charged rotating objects respectively. In the present work, the general expression for the energy dependent gravitational redshift is derived for charged rotating body using the Kerr-Newman geometry along with the energy dependent gravity's rainbow function. It is found that the gravitational redshift is influenced by the energy of the source or emitter. One may obtain greater correction in the value of gravitational redshift, using the high energy photons. Knowing the value of gravitational redshift from a high energy sources such as Gamma-ray Bursters (GRB), one may obtain the idea of upper bounds on the dimensionless rainbow function parameter ($\xi$). Also there may be a possibility to introduce a new physical scale of the order of $\frac{\xi}{E_{Pl}}$., Comment: 15 pages, 1 figure

It is well known fact that gravitational field can alter the space-time structure and gravitational redshift is its one example. Electromagnetic field can also alter the space-time similar to gravitational field. So electromagnetic field can give rise to an additional effect on gravitational redshift. There are many objects in nature, like neutron stars, magnetars etc which have high amount of rotation and magnetic field. In the present paper we will derive the expression of gravitational redshift from rotating body having intense magnetic field by using the action function of the electromagnetic fields., Comment: 10 pages, Proceedings of the National Conference on CICAHEP-2015, Dibrugarh, India

In the present work, an expression for Planck Mass or Planck Energy is derived by equating the Compton wavelength with the gravitational radius of the Kerr rotating body. Using the modified photon energy-momentum dispersion relation, the variation of the photon propagation speed with photon frequency is derived. It is found that, the photon propagation speed, depends on the frequency of the photon, the rotation parameter of the Kerr rotating body and also on the polarization state of the photon. Quantum gravity effect could be seen from the derived results for the photon propagation speed., Comment: Accepted for publication in Indian Journal of Physics

In the present paper, we have considered the three parameters: mass, charge and rotation to discuss their combined effect on frame dragging for a charged rotating body. If we consider the ray of light which is emitted radially outward from a rotating body then the frame dragging shows a periodic nature with respect to coordinate $\phi$ (azimuthal angle). It has been found that the value of frame dragging obtains a maximum at, $ \phi =\frac{\pi}{2}$ and a minimum at $ \phi =\frac{3 \pi}{2}$., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0811.2471 by other authors

Many existing studies on pattern formation in the reaction-diffusion systems rely on deterministic models. However, environmental noise is often a major factor which leads to significant changes in the spatiotemporal dynamics. In this paper, we focus on the spatiotemporal patterns produced by the predator-prey model with ratio-dependent functional response and density dependent death rate of predator. We get the reaction-diffusion equations incorporating the self-diffusion terms, corresponding to random movement of the individuals within two dimensional habitats, into the growth equations for the prey and predator population. In order to have to have the noise added model, small amplitude heterogeneous perturbations to the linear intrinsic growth rates are introduced using uncorrelated Gaussian white noise terms. For the noise added system, we then observe spatial patterns for the parameter values lying outside the Turing instability region. With thorough numerical simulations we characterize the patterns corresponding to Turing and Turing-Hopf domain and study their dependence on different system parameters like noise-intensity, etc., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures. Uses style files of Journal of Physics: Conference Series (IOPSCIENCE). Submitted for the Proceedings of the Statphys-Kolkata VIII held during December 1-5, 2014 at Kolkata, India

It is well known fact that gravitational mass can alter the space time structure and gravitational redshift is one of its examples. Static electric or magnetic charge can also alter the space time structure, similar to gravitational mass, giving rise to its effect on redshift. This can also be considered as electro and magneto static redshift. Gravitational redshift has been reported by most of the authors without consideration of static electric and / or magnetic charges present in the rotating body. In the present paper, we considered the three parameters: mass, rotation parameter and charge to discuss their combined effect on redshift, for a charged rotating body by using Kerr - Newman metric. It has been found that, the presence of electrostatic and magnetostatic charge increases the value of so-called gravitational redshift. Calculations have been also done here to determine the effect of electrostatic and magnetostatic charges on the amount of redshift of a light ray emitted at various latitudes from a charged rotating body. The variation of gravitational redshift from equatorial to non- equatorial region has been calculated, for a given set of values of electrostatic and magnetostatic charges., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Science, Manuscript No.: ASTR-D-15-00464R2

Gravitational redshift is generally calculated without considering the rotation of a body. Neglecting the rotation, the geometry of space time can be described by using the spherically symmetric Schwarzschild geometry. Rotation has great effect on general relativity, which gives new challenges on gravitational redshift. When rotation is taken into consideration spherical symmetry is lost and off diagonal terms appear in the metric. The geometry of space time can be then described by using the solutions of Kerr family. In the present paper we discuss the gravitational redshift for rotating body by using Kerr metric. The numerical calculations has been done under Newtonian approximation of angular momentum. It has been found that the value of gravitational redshift is influenced by the direction of spin of central body and also on the position (latitude) on the central body at which the photon is emitted. The variation of gravitational redshift from equatorial to non - equatorial region has been calculated and its implications are discussed in detail., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1310.0987

Gravitational redshift is being generally calculated without considering the rotation of a body. Neglecting the rotation, the geometry of space time can be described by using the spherically symmetric Schwarzschild geometry. Rotation has great effect on general relativity, which gives new challenges on gravitational redshift. When rotation is taken into consideration spherical symmetry is lost and off diagonal terms appear in the metric. The geometry of space time can be then described by using the solutions of Kerr family. In the present paper we will discuss the gravitational redshift for rotating body by using Kerr metric. The numerical calculations has been done under Newtonian approximation of angular momentum. The variation of gravitational redshift from equatorial to non - equatorial region has been calculated and its implications are discussed in detail.