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Start Over Topic computer science Publication Type Reports Region u.s.; california
8 results

1. The Impact on Future Guidance Programs of Current Developments in Computer Science, Telecommunications, and Biotechnology.

Author

Mitchell, Lynda K. and Hardy, Philippe L.

Abstract

The purpose of this chapter is to envision how the era of technological revolution will affect the guidance, counseling, and student support programs of the future. Advances in computer science, telecommunications, and biotechnology are discussed. These advances have the potential to affect dramatically the services of guidance programs of the future on two fronts: the mechanisms through which the services of guidance programs will be offered, and how guidance programs will help prepare students to live and work productively. The chapter concludes by proposing that guidance programs of 20 years hence must prepare the majority of their students to enter technical fields; adapt themselves to extensive telecommuting and the lifestyle that it entails; and prepare primarily for self-employment or freelance employment. (Contains 24 references.) (GCP)

Published
2002

2. The Future of Women in Science and Engineering. Keynote Address at Women's Career Day in Computer Science at the University of Southern California, October 7, 1978.

Author

Rose, Clare and Menninger, Sally Ann

Abstract

This keynote address was presented at Women's Career Day in Computer Sciences at the University of Southern California on October 7, 1978. It gives evidence for the increase in participation of women in science and engineering programs at colleges and universities, as well as the job market. Opportunities for women in the field of computer science are discussed. (BB)

Published
1978

3. The Future and Educational Computer Simulation.

Author

California Univ., Davis. Teaching Resources Center. and Cohen, Eli

Abstract

Written for developers of classroom simulation who may wish to transfer their skills to the computer medium, this paper describes the procedures for writing and developing an educational simulation on a computer. Steps in the procedure include conceptualizing the problem to be simulated, operationalizing the variables, examining pedagogical considerations, writing the simulation manual, and simulation programming. The future for the educational simulation developer in computer simulation is also briefly discussed. References are listed. (FM)

Published
1980

4. Technologies of the Future.

Author

Lipson, Joseph I. and Fisher, Kathleen M.

Abstract

In the future, the requirements of industry will generate a wide range of hardware devices and software programs that will significantly alter and improve the quality of education. The driving forces behind the development of new technological devices include economics; emotional factors, e.g., the desire to develop aids for the handicapped; individual vision; international competition in military and other areas; and medicine, e.g., the development of computerized diagnostic systems based on artificial intelligence. Effective development requires an understanding of what is feasible, an interest in what is possible, and a vision of what is desirable. Successful competition in high technology requires managers who have technological understanding; business traditions and financial incentives that encourage long-range investments; a well-educated work force; committed engineers and scientists; and institutions that are organized and committed to research and development. There are many conditions that must be met if educational technology is to have a significant impact, including the allocation of resources for hardware and the development of educational software and courseware; training to use the new technologies effectively; and the development of authoring systems that are friendly, powerful, and affordable. Some new technological devices that will make important contributions to education include digital optical videodiscs; image and voice devices; flat resolution computer screens; and digital computer networks. Those societies that most effectively solve today's and tomorrow's problems will have citizens raised to new levels of educational attainment. These new levels of attainment will be accomplished with significant assistance from the new technologies. (DJS)

Published
1985

5. Women in Computer Sciences.

Author

Rose, Clare and Menninger, Sally Ann

Abstract

The keynote address of a conference that focused on the future of women in science and engineering fields and the opportunities available to them in the computer sciences is presented. Women's education in the sciences and education and entry into the job market in these fields has steadily been increasing. Excellent employment opportunities are available for women in computer occupations, a relatively new field. Programmers and system analysts will continue to be needed as an increasing number of hospitals automate food services and computerize patient records, and tremendous growth is also expected in education. Service bureaus and computer maintenance firms will also contribute heavily to the overall growth of computer occupations in industry. State and local governments will be developing consolidated systems serving a greater variety of information processing needs and will increase to a great extent their use of terminal networks and other data communications technology in their operations. The field of computer science is expanding and computer technology is being applied innovatively in a wide range of creative areas such as dance, literature, and history. Abilities of individuals in the computer sciences and some advantages of working in this field are noted. (SW)

Published
1979

6. Selected Research Publications in Cognitive Science by Rand Staff: 1978-1979.

Author

Rand Corp., Santa Monica, CA. and Anderson, R. H.

Abstract

This selective bibliography of recent publications by Rand researchers in the Information Processing Systems research program includes only those papers concerned with the broad range of topics in cognitive science. These topics include the modeling of complex human behavior, the construction of intelligent computer systems, and the representation of knowledge in human and computer memories; the research draws upon the disciplines of cognitive psychology, educational psychology, computer science, artificial intelligence, and linguistics. The first of two sections provides abstracts for papers published between April 1978 and April 1979. The second section contains a list of titles published prior to April 1978 which are abstracted in Rand Paper P-5950. Titles are arranged alphabetically with topic and author indexes, and information is provided for obtaining reprints of the listed publications. (Author/RAA)

Published
1979

7. Classification Problem Solving.

Author

Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Computer Science. and Clancey, William J.

Abstract

In an attempt to specify in some canonical terms what many heuristic programs known as "expert systems" do, an analysis was made of ten rule-based systems. It was found that these programs proceed through easily identifiable phases of data abstraction, heuristic mapping onto a hierarchy of pre-enumerated solutions, and refinement within this hierarchy: that is, they do classification. Focusing on content rather than representational technology, this paper proposes a set of terms and relations for describing the knowledge used to solve a problem by classification. Then the model used in analyzing the programs MYCIN, SACON, GRUNDY, and SOPHIE III is described and illustrated. These programs have a characteristic inference structure; moreover, this level of description specifies the knowledge needed to solve a problem, independent of its representation in a particular computer language. The classification problem-solving model provides a useful framework for recognizing and representing similar problems, for designing representation tools, and for understanding the problem-solving methods used by non-classification programs. (MNS)

Published
1984

8. Knowledge Acquisition from Structural Descriptions.

Author

Rand Corp., Santa Monica, CA., Hayes-Roth, Frederick, and McDermott, John

Abstract

The learning machine described in this paper acquires concepts representable as conjunctive forms of the predicate calculus and behaviors representable as productions (antecedent-consequent pairs of such conjunctive forms): these concepts and behavior rules are inferred from sequentially presented pairs of examples by an algorithm that is probably effective for a wide variety of problems. A method for inducing knowledge by abstracting such representations from a sequence of training examples is described. The proposed learning method, interference matching, induces abstractions by finding regional properties common to two or more exemplars. Three tasks solved by a program that performs an interference matching algorithm are presented. Several problems concerning the relational representation of examples and the induction of knowledge by interference matching are also discussed. The similarities between this task and other computer science problems are indicated, and directions for future research are considered. (Author/JEG)

Published
1976