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Public bodies hold a range of information and content ranging from demographic, economic and meteorological data to art works, historical documents and books. Given the availability of information and communication technologies (ICTs) public sector information can play an important role in producing innovative value-added services and goods. Furthermore, these technologies also provide a wider population better access to educational and cultural knowledge. Both commercial opportunities and the wider spread of information have positive economic and social benefits. Knowledge is a source of competitive advantage in the "information economy", for this reason it is economically important that there is wide diffusion of public information. Governments also have a basic commitment that citizens have to access national cultural heritage such as paintings, monuments and books; and this is also important for social inclusion. To contribute to better conditions for learning, the digitisation of cultural and educational resources is fundamental. New communication tools, such as interactive Web sites and games, often also reach groups of people with no previous interest, notably if they allow personal participation. OECD countries have recently initiated many programmes which use these tools for cultural and educational content. The main emphasis of policies has shifted to improving access to available resources, and preservation of content created digitally ("digitally-born") receives increasing attention. Public Sector information (PSI) constitutes the "raw material" for a variety of products and services in applications across a wide range of industries, and analysis has concluded that it is an important economic asset. This study gives an overview of the main areas of PSI and their commercial applications. Currently geographic and meteorological information have the greatest economic potential; and so far their use has had positive impacts on employment and growth. Specifically combining various types of PSI has led to the development of innovative products such as location-based services. Technological innovation including the development of mobile networks open up further markets for PSI-based services, and better data quality and e.g. increased interoperability open up cross-border services. Industry structure has also been affected by ICTs; often higher value added producers have taken the place of previous intermediary distributors in the production value chain. Further, the roles of public and private firms are changing and the growth of mobile services markets stimulates the development of PSI business re-use further. To develop competitive PSI markets, most OECD countries have attempted to ensure private service providers face the same conditions as public institutions, enabled private sector access to public data and clarified conditions under which these data can be used. For example portals have been developed that provide an overview of available PSI and conditions for use. Important questions are: which access regimes and re-use arrangements maximise the positive economic and other benefits of PSI, and which may for example develop commercial activities based on government-created content/data. In some OECD countries access regimes allow commercial re-users have cheap and readily available access to PSI. They then add value to the public data and re-sell it to firms and consumers. Some studies argue that such open access regimes improve competitive market conditions for PSI re-use, stimulate economic growth and create jobs. However there are also arguments that commercial re-users may have low-cost access to data which was costly to create for the government, and that taxpayers may pay twice for the PSI content (once for creation of government content, and the second time when purchasing the content from a commercial re-user, although provided re-use is non-exclusive, users can also go to the original source for the original information, presumably at lower cost, but without value-added services). On the other hand, in other OECD countries, there are access regimes where the public sector holds public sector information for its own use or employs cost-recovery strategies that allow only limited and potentially expensive access. In this scenario there are arguments that potential consumers of this data may have only restricted access to it, and that this approach is more costly to the consumer and for the taxpayer. Moreover, the potential economic gains from development of new commercial activities based on PSI reuse may be foregone. The economic and equity arguments surrounding commercial re-use of public sector information and content are complex and deserve considerably more analysis and policy attention. If public sector content is to be more widely available through ICTs, it is crucial that cultural institutions have adequate in-house capacities and sustainable financial resources for digitisation. In many countries the cultural sector has faced cuts in public funding, and efficient digitisation has been a challenge for small and regional institutions. While public resources will remain important, private-public partnerships and the development of e-learning markets provide alternatives to finance content digitisation. Public sector information can also be sold and monetized to develop self-sustaining revenue streams helping data creation and digitisation efforts. Networks and interactive communities are also important because they allow cost reductions along the lines of open software development. With respect to copyright many challenges for content preservation and diffusion arise. This study addresses challenges and related policy issues with respect to both PSI and public sector content. It is a first review of the area of public sector information and content and it is proposed that follow-up work be carried out in this area, particularly on the economic and distributional aspects of different access, cost, pricing and distribution models for public sector information and content. (A bibliography is included. Selected examples of digital education institutions/projects, recommendations for online cultural content, and related abbreviations are annexed. Contains 7 figures, 17 boxes and 6 tables.)

This publication presents estimates of apprentice and trainee activity in Australia for the September quarter 2009. The figures in this publication are derived from the National Apprentice and Trainee Collection no. 62 (December 2009 estimates). There were 425,500 apprentices and trainees in-training as at 30 September 2009, a decrease of 2.4% from the previous year. In the 12 months to 30 September 2009, compared with the previous year: (1) commencements decreased by 6.9%, to 269,000; (2) completions increased by 5.8%, to 158,700; and (3) cancellations and withdrawals decreased by 4.8%, to 127,500. For seasonally adjusted data, comparing the September quarter 2009 with the June quarter 2009: (1) commencements in trades occupations decreased by 0.6%; (2) commencements in non-trades occupations increased by 1.0%; (3) completions increased by 1.1%; (4) cancellations and withdrawals decreased by 0.7%; and (5) in-training numbers decreased by 0.2%. (Contains 19 tables, 3 figures, and 5 notes.) [For the supporting documents, see "Adjustment Notes for Apprentice and Trainee Estimates. Technical Paper" (ED508818); "ANZSCO Imputation in the National Apprentice and Trainee Collection. Technical Paper" (ED508821); "Estimation of Apprentice and Trainee Statistics. Technical Paper" (ED508819); "Apprentices and Trainees: September Quarter 2009. Terms and Definitions" (ED508820); and "Authentic Learning Environments in Higher Education" (ED508837).]

This paper on the 21st century information environment begins with a section that discusses the impact of e-commerce over the next ten years. The second section addresses government focus areas, including ensuring a telecommunications infrastructure, developing the IT (information technology) industry, promoting innovation and entrepreneurship, establishing a regulatory regime that will provide a secure online environment for users and foster e-commerce, ensuring that users have IT skills, leading by example through the provision of government information and services online, and encouraging businesses and the community to get online. The third section considers two core issues for the library and information sector in the new economy, i.e. how it will improve current business activities, and how it will take advantage of new business opportunities. The fourth section describes the challenges ahead for the library community, including attracting a broader cross section of the community into the library, allocating staff time and resources, training staff, and providing access to standard computer applications (e.g., word processing, spreadsheets) as well as the Internet. The fifth section outlines necessary IT education and skills. (MES)

A formative evaluation was begun of an innovative project funded by the Australian National Training Authority (ANTA) to develop competencies and qualifications in e-commerce. The formative evaluation was designed to focus on inputs, processes, and interim outputs, identifying both good practice and areas for improvement. Findings to date indicated development of competencies and qualifications in e-commerce was challenging developers for a number of reasons. First, there was an ongoing, international debate about the meaning of the term e-commerce. Second, the field of e-commerce was fluid, due to the continual development of new technologies that enable the creation of new business practices. Third, the field of e-commerce was in flux, evidenced by the failure of many business models during 2000 and the emergence of new business models. (YLB)

The main objective of this research was to develop a suitable model for a Thai university library in information provision to tenant firms in the first Thai technology park. Such a model, which was based on Australian data, was fine-tuned to meet local Thai social and economic conditions. The research process investigated many issues with tenants in five Australian technology parks, including information needs, information use, information seeking behavior, information perception, librarian roles, and characteristics of required information services; the library information services that are already offered to tenant firms by Australian university libraries were also evaluated. The proposed Thai model encompassed five major library activities--policies, collection development, information services, staffing, and promotion and marketing. In Australia, there were three sub-sample groups taken into account: company staff members in five Australian technology parks; the technology park managers; and librarians in Australian university libraries that have formal links with the technology parks. In Thailand, the sample group for a preliminary testing of the proposed model comprised top management personnel of King Mongkut's University of Technology, whose technology park is in the process of establishment, and of three university libraries and one public library involved in information provision. The research methodology was structured interviews with checklist questionnaires. (Contains 15 references.) (MES)

This paper seeks to provide a rationale for evaluating Technical and Further Education (TAFE) programs by using a management system approach that is based on corporate planning. The first section reviews the sources of increased demands for accountability in TAFE (societal, economic, government, and legislative sources) and examines various management systems that could be used to meet increased demands for accountability (program budgeting, program evaluation, management information systems, management procedures, and corporate planning). The first section concludes with an examination of the Swedish model for self-evaluation. The second part of the report describes the following aspects of the attempt in New South Wales, Australia, to increase accountability by using a corporate planning-based approach in which evaluation is a major component in providing accountability and maintaining quality of educational provision. The following topics are covered: the diversity and scope of TAFE in New South Wales, corporate planning as a management tool, strategic planning (departmental, college/school, and servicing unit strategic plans), staff participation in strategic planning, action or operational planning, evaluation and monitoring, performance indicators and their interpretation, evaluation procedures for program monitoring, comprehensive audits and program evaluation activities, establishment of a directorate of audit and review, program performance evaluation plans, planning and evaluation support to managers, and future directions. (MN)

The article discusses general, industry-specific, regional, and export incentives for businesses in Australia. General incentives through Austrade's Export Market Development Grants (EMDG) scheme and through AusIndustry's Research-and-Development Tax Concession scheme, Clean Business Australia, and other grants are offered. Also discussed are incentives specific to industries such as film production, motor vehicles and textiles. The article also reports on incentives for exporters such as TRADEX and the duty-drawback facility.

Discusses quarterly indicators and trade data in Australia.