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282 results on '"RADAR"'

1. Cognitive Task Analysis of Prioritization in Air Traffic Control.

Author

Human Technology, Inc., McLean, VA. and Redding, Richard E.

Abstract

A cognitive task analysis was performed to analyze the key cognitive components of the en route air traffic controllers' jobs. The goals were to ascertain expert mental models and decision-making strategies and to identify important differences in controller knowledge, skills, and mental models as a function of expertise. Four groups of participants from all 20 Air Route Traffic Control Centers in the continental United States comprised a hierarchy of skill levels ranging from current developmental controllers with no formal radar training to expert controllers who were supervisors. Seven data collection procedures were used: unstructured interviews, structured interviews, critical incidents interviews, paired problem solving, cognitive style assessment, DYSIM (Dynamic Simulator) performance modeling, and DYSIM structured problem solving. This first phase resulted in the identification of 12 primary tasks, a mental model representing expert controllers' organization of domain knowledge, three categories of controller strategies, a hierarchy of goals and a set of methods used by experts to achieve those goals. The findings were used to specify the instructional content and sequencing for the Federal Aviation Administration's new en route air traffic control curriculum. (Appendixes include the following: 28 references; structured interview questions; scenarios for DYSIM performance modeling and structured problem solving; a summary of critical incident types; paired problem solving comparison diagrams and dictionary; a report of COGNET (cognitive network of tasks) analysis; problem-solving analyses of expert, intermediate, and novice groups; and statistical analyses of cognitive style assessments.) (YLB)

Published
1992

2. Cognitive Task Analysis of En Route Air Traffic Control: Model Extension and Validation.

Author

Human Technology, Inc., McLean, VA. and Redding, Richard E.

Abstract

Phase II of a project extended data collection and analytic procedures to develop a model of expertise and skill development for en route air traffic control (ATC). New data were collected by recording the Dynamic Simulator (DYSIM) performance of five experts with a work overload problem. Expert controllers were interviewed in depth for mental model elaboration and validation. Federal Aviation Administration data regarding operational errors were analyzed. An extended literature review was conducted to integrate findings with existing literature. An elaborated and refined mental model and task decomposition were developed. The structure of the mental model implied both a conceptual framework used by the controller for organizing ATC knowledge and a strategy for applying the knowledge in job conduct. The task decomposition resulted in a listing and validation of 12 tasks. The analysis of strategy usage showed that experts tended to use fewer strategies, a greater variety of different strategies, more workload management strategies, and strategy usage that varied with context. A working model of interrelationships among key ATC constructs was developed. A revised listing of critical cues of work overload indicated that participants viewed anxiety and communication errors as being the most important cues that an overload situation was developing. Training implications were identified in the areas of instructional content, sequencing, media delivery, and training environment. (Appendixes include the following: a list of 57 references, a glossary of terms and acronyms, a glossary of strategies, a validation study timeline, strategy listings and validation interviews, retrospective protocols of DYSIM overload problem solving, a work overload questionnaire, and an error listing for DYSIM overload problem solving.) (YLB)

Published
1992

3. Safety and Special Radio Services.

Author

Federal Communications Commission, Washington, DC.

Abstract

Numerous radio stations across the nation perform nonbroadcast services in areas ranging from aviation, forestry protection, and telephone maintenance to amateur and citizen radio. These services can be grouped in four general categories: (1) safety, (2) industry, (3) land transportation, and (4) miscellaneous purposes. This bulletin briefly describes some 50 radio services which comprise the Safety and Special Radio Services, and FCC (Federal Communications Commission) regulations for these stations. (SC)

Published
1976

4. Description and Initial Evaluation of a Computer-Based Individual Trainer for the Radar Intercept Observer.

Author

University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Dept. of Psychology. and Rigney, Joseph W.

Abstract

An individual trainer for giving students in the radar intercept observer (RIO) schools concentrated practice in procedures for air-to-air intercepts was designed around a programmable graphics terminal with two integral minicomputers and 8k of core memory. The trainer automatically administers practice in computing values of variables in the intercept triangle, and in making the turns required to put the fighter into position for a sidewinder attack. In an initial field trial at the RIO school, Glynco, Georgia, each of 29 students received 10 hours of practice on this trainer. Data for the values of 33 variables were automatically recorded and were analyzed. It was concluded that this form of computer assisted instruction does produce worthwhile gains in fluency of performance and understanding of the intercept problems. (Author)

Published
1973

5. Efficient Conversation: The Talk between Pilots and Air Traffic Controllers.

Author

Simmons, James L.

Abstract

Two-way radio communications between air traffic controllers using radar on the ground to give airplane pilots instructions are of interest within the developing framework of the sociology of language. The main purpose of air traffic control language is efficient communication to promote flight safety. This study describes the standardized format of one part of routine two-way radio communications--the approach to the airport to land. (Author)

Published
1974

6. Field Evaluation of a General Purpose Simulator.

Author

Spangenberg, Ronald W.

Abstract

The use of a general purpose simulator (GPS) to teach Air Force technicians diagnostic and repair procedures for specialized aircraft radar systems is described. An EC II simulator manufactured by Educational Computer Corporation was adapted to resemble the actual configuration technicians would encounter in the field. Data acquired in the evaluation included: (1) the experience level of the participating personnel, (2) learning patterns using the simulator, (3) evaluation of the training potential, and (4) attitudes and acceptance. All personnel exposed to the GPS stated that learning was easy, and tests given the technicians after their training sessions indicated a high level of achievement. The system was generally found to be acceptable to trainees, although some participants indicated a preference for more traditional teaching methods. The cost of using the GPS was found to be less than 10 percent of the costs of an actual equipment trainer. (DGC)

Published
1975

7. Air Controlman 1 & C: Rate Training Manual.

Author

Naval Training Command, Pensacola, FL.

Abstract

The manual is designed for use in preparing for advancement within the Navy Air Controlman rating, which designates a professional air traffic controller, unlike the more specialized center or tower controllers. However, minimum qualifications for the rating include completion of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) written examination for air traffic controllers and an FAA medical certificate. Contents of the manual cover flight planning, facility operation, terminal instrument procedures, air traffic control, emergency procedures, carrier air traffic control procedures, and administration. All sections are illustrated with charts and diagrams. Although the emphasis is on Navy procedure and terminology, in many areas there is applicability to civilian procedures. Appendixes include definitions and abbreviations and a selected bibliography of air traffic control instructions. (MDW)

Published
1974

8. Air Controlman 3 and 2: Naval Rate Training Manual and Nonresident Career Course.

Author

Naval Education and Training Command, Pensacola, FL.

Abstract

The Rate Training Manual is one of a series of training manuals prepared for enlisted personnel of the Navy and Naval Reserve studying for advancement in the Air Controlman (AC) rating to Air Controlman Third and Second Class. Chapter 1 discusses air controlman qualifications, the enlisted rating structure, the Air Controlman rating, references which will assist in working for advancement and in performing the duties of an Air Controlman, and information on how to make the best use of the Rate Training Manual. Chapters 2-14 cover the following topics: military aircraft designation and characteristics; Federal air regulations; basic air navigation; flight services; meteorological elements affecting aviation; aviation weather reports and advisories; aids to air navigation; control tower equipment; airport traffic control and airfield equipment; air traffic control communications; IFR/SVFR control procedures; radar and allied equipment and procedures; and publications, records, and security measures. Numerous illustrations, diagrams, and charts are interspersed throughout. The associated Nonresident Career Course (96 pages) for AC 3 and 2 is included. Supplementary material is appended. (BP)

Published
1975

9. Military Curriculum Materials for Vocational and Technical Education. Weather Specialist 15-4. AFSC 25150.

Author

Ohio State Univ., Columbus. National Center for Research in Vocational Education. and Technical Training Center, Chanute AFB, IL.

Abstract

These individualized, self-paced student materials for a postsecondary-adult level course for weather specialist are one of a number of military-developed curriculum packages selected for adaptation to vocational instruction and curriculum development in a civilian setting. The three-volume course offers weather personnel knowledge needed to develop and upgrade performance skills. It enlarges and expands training of previous basic courses by detailed descriptions of observation, procedures, and data analysis. Volume 1, Background Knowledge, Meteorology, and Climatology, reviews pressure and wind conditions, pressure systems, local winds, temperature and moisture, air masses, frontal effects, and wave cyclones. It outlines controls most affecting climate and briefly mentions major climatic zones. Volume 2, Surface Observations, Radar, and Satellite, reviews cloud types and discusses evaluating and recording sky conditions and visibility; weather and obstructions to vision; pressure; temperature; dewpoint; wind; capabilities and limitations of weather radar; satellite picture interpretation; and setting up and using AN/TMQ-22, Meteorological Measuring Set. Volume 3, Weather Codes, Communications, Analysis, and Forecasting, covers (1) decoding of surface weather codes, upper air codes, analysis and forecast codes; (2) what happens to recorded observations; and (3) analyzing plotted data and making forecasts. Each volume contains lesson objectives, practice exercises and answers, and volume review exercise. (YLB)

Published
1979

10. Evaluation of Electronic Counter-Countermeasures Training Using Microcomputer-Based Technology: Phase I. Basic Jamming Recognition.

Author

Navy Personnel Research and Development Center, San Diego, CA., Gardner, Susan G., and Ellis, Burl D.

Abstract

Seven microcomputer-based training systems with videotape players/monitors were installed to provide electronic counter-countermeasures (ECCM) simulation training, drill and practice, and performance testing for three courses at a fleet combat training center. Narrated videotape presentations of simulated and live jamming followed by a drill and practice session and performance test were presented to 357 trainees. The objective was to train students in electronic countermeasures (ECM) recognition in a more effective mode than can be achieved through traditional classroom lecture and textbook presentation of jamming examples. The lesson on basic jamming recognition presented training in recognizing and identifying general types of ECM. The microprocessor was programmed to (1) present the materials in response to student input through the keyboard, (2) evaluate student performance and provide feedback when appropriate, and (3) keep a complete record of all responses and response times. The results indicated a significant improvement in posttest over pretest scores, and attitudinal surveys showed a highly positive attitude toward the type of training used. The microcomputer-based training system was effective and reliable, meeting with project expectations. Future project efforts include revisions and extension of the present system. Three references are cited. (Author/CHC)

Published
1981

11. The Use of Tailored Testing with Instructional Programs. Final Report.

Author

American Coll. Testing Program, Iowa City, IA. Test Development Div. and Reckase, Mark D.

Abstract

A computerized testing system was implemented in conjunction with the Radar Technician Training Course at the Naval Training Center, Great Lakes, Illinois. The feasibility of the system and students' attitudes toward it were examined. The system, a multilevel, microprocessor-based computer network, administered tests in a sequential, fixed length format for the purpose of comparing the effect of mode of administration of test items (computerized versus paper-and-pencil). Since the one-parameter and three-parameter logistic models were both determined to be acceptable, the less expensive one-parameter model was used. The results indicated that, in spite of hardware problems, the system design was viable and that microcomputers could be used to administer achievement tests in an instructional program environment. Some items were found to operate differently when administered on a computer screen as compared to a paper-and-pencil administration. Further research was suggested to determine the cause of the differences in item performance. A 23-item attitude survey, which is appended, was administered to a sample of 136 trainees. The trainees generally had no difficulty taking the test on the computer, and 62 percent indicated that they enjoyed it. (Author/GDC)

Published
1986

12. Shipboard Electronic Equipments.

Author

Naval Personnel Program Support Activity, Washington, DC. and Bureau of Naval Personnel, Washington, DC.

Abstract

Fundamentals of major electronic equipments on board ships are presented in this text prepared for naval officers in general. Basic radio principles are discussed in connection with various types of transmitters, receivers, antennas, couplers, transfer panels, remote-control units, frequency standard equipments, teletypewriters, and facsimile installations. Theoretical and practical analyses are made of radar and sonar equipments to show their capabilities and limitations. On the subject of electronic navigation, loran, shoran, omega, tacan, and satellite and ships' inertial navigation systems are presented. Also included are descriptions of digital computers, gun and missile weapon systems, direction finders, closed-circuit television sets, electronic countermeasures, communication console equipments, underwater telephones, intrared and meteorological setups, carrier control approach systems, radiac instruments, and target control installations. Illustrations for explanation purposes and a glossary of general terms are included. (CC)

Published
1969

13. Quartermaster 1 and C, Rate Training Manual.

Author

Naval Personnel Program Support Activity, Washington, DC. and Bureau of Naval Personnel, Washington, DC.

Abstract

The subject matter of this training manual is prepared for regular navy and naval reserve personnel. Operations of gyrocompasses and magnetic and magnesyn compasses are discussed with a background of error determination, compass adjustments, and degaussing applications. Navigation techniques are analyzed in terms of piloting, dead reckoning, determination of celestial lines of position, and radar, loran, consol, decca, and omega systems. To train the reader as an assistant to either a navigator or an officer of the deck (OOD) or a junior officer of the deck (JOOD), further explanation is made of ship handling, weather maneuvering, and OOD, JOOD, and navigator duties. Information on rules of the road, publications for navigation use, rating structures, and administration of records and reports is also provided. Besides illustrations for explanation purposes, an edited reprint of the reverse side of the June 1966 pilot chart of the North Atlantic is included in the appendix. (CC)

Published
1969

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