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Almost all workers are educated at least to the upper secondary level and vocational education contributes to one of the most successful transition performances of youth to employment in the [...]

Austria has one of the higher GDP per capita levels in Europe, but owes this position to a strong pace of convergence until the early 1990s. Over the past decade [...]

The global financial crisis put an end to Austria's economic expansion. By late 2008, Austria had entered recession, albeit less abruptly than some of the euro area countries, and the [...]

While the immediate imperative is to tackle the financial crisis and to steer the economy through the current downturn, there are also a number of longer-term challenges that need to [...]

1. Empirical analysis of educational outcomes: methodological background and findings from the literature The literature on the determinants of educational outcomes has expanded significantly in recent years, placing an increasing [...]

A strong macroeconomic performance to build upon but some important challenges to address Over the last decade, macroeconomic performance has been impressive: GDP growth has been robust and cyclical fluctuations [...]

Norway has very high per capita income and low income inequality. Good policy fundamentals and strong institutions have allowed the transformation of natural resource assets into high growth rather than [...]

Appropriate monetary and fiscal policy settings are important to ensure sustained low-inflation growth and the prudent management of large natural resource wealth. The economy has climbed out of recession, and [...]

Despite strong economic growth, the fiscal situation has been deteriorating 1. Greek GDP is estimated to have grown by well above 4% in both 2003 and 2004, thus outperforming not [...]

Turkey is at a crossroads After hitting the most severe crisis of its recent history in 2000-01, the Turkish economy bounced back and is now among the fastest growing economies [...]

Introduction For much of the 20th century, Spain experienced significant net emigration. But over the last decade, the net flow has reversed and Spain has become an immigration country. A [...]

In Iceland, relatively little attention was paid to the size, scope and function of government until the late I 980s, when growth slowed and major fiscal imbalances emerged. Subsequent budget [...]

Strong growth since the mid-1990s was interrupted by economic overheating and an ensuing mild recession in 2002. From 1996 to 2001, Iceland experienced one of the highest growth rates among [...]

Financial markets are being transformed, nationally and internationally, under the pressure of common factors, such as new technologies, lower communication costs, product standardisation and the euro. In Germany, this transformation [...]

After a severe financial crisis and deep recession in 2001, Turkey's policy goal is to enter a sustained recovery while taking measures to address the root causes of the crisis. [...]

At more than 50 per cent of mainland GDP, Norway's public spending is very high by international comparison. This partly reflects two important choices of Norwegian society, namely ensuring an [...]

Overview The Swedish economy slowed significantly in 2001. At 1 1/4 per cent, the expansion of output was well below its estimated potential rate of 2 1/4 to 2 1/2 [...]

After slowing down through much of the decade, the Italian economy grew strongly in 2000. Employment rose and unemployment fell. Business and household confidence continued to be high for most [...]

Productivity growth, along with employment, is the motor that drives higher living standards. Indeed, for the coming century, this probably will be the only factor contributing to rising living standards [...]

Introduction Starting from a very favourable position in the early 1970s, when overall productivity levels were substantially above the OECD average, Sweden has seen its per capita income relative to [...]

Having accelerated strongly from mid-1993, as a result of stronger foreign demand, economic activity became more broadly based during 1994 and early 1995, as business investment responded to emerging capacity [...]

Introduction Switzerland is a well-off country that enjoys a magnificent natural landscape. Over many decades, the Swiss have, quite reasonably, sought to preserve and to enhance their living environment. They [...]

France has one of the most extensive welfare systems of all OECD countries. Given the fast growth in welfare benefits over the last 30 years, financing problems have occurred frequently [...]

Recent developments have been markedly different from the projections contained in the previous Survey of France. At that time it was thought that improved competitiveness and a European-wide recovery would [...]

INTRODUCTION One of the most disturbing features of the high rates of unemployment currently observed in many OECD countries is the apparent tendency for unemployment, after rising during a cyclical [...]

where it is for economic/technical reasons), Table 1 in the main text carries over, from this Annex, the average of the two scores. Scoring is done so far as possible [...]

INTRODUCTION Unemployment is an important social and economic problem in the majority of OECD countries. Getting a precise and internationally comparable assessment of its magnitude is therefore of interest in [...]

Since 1987 structural policies have played an increasing role in the Irish government's economic strategy. Such policies have been designed to enhance overall economic performance, partly in response to the [...]

Economic developments since 1991 GDP growth slowed in 1991, to 2 1/2 per cent, although a decline in profit remittances abroad meant that GNP nevertheless expanded by around 3 1/2 [...]

Sluggish economic expansion After a prolonged recession, economy activity in Norway still remains weak. In spite of large deliveries of capital goods to the petroleum sector and a rapid expansion [...]

A hesitant recovery The first quarter of 1992 marked the fastest economic growth in three years, as GDP rose 2.9 per cent at an annual rate. Slow growth began in [...]

OECD ECONOMIC SURVEYS JAPAN Introduction The expansion under way since 1986 has been market by a strong supplyside performance, underpinned by steady employment and productivity growth. It has been supported [...]

Over the past few years, the authorities have given growing attention to the functioning of markets and the costs of market imperfections. New competitive challenges within the Common Market are [...]

Wage-price behaviour in Iceland Documenting Iceland's relative economic performance Table A1 shows the 'normalised' standard deviations of several real variables related to labour market performance in OECD countries. All are [...]

Tax reform: an uncompleted programme Characteristics of the tax system Concern about the effects of the tax system led to the setting up of a Commission on Taxation in 1980 [...]

Description of the methodology The constant market-share analysis breaks down changes in a country's share in total OECD manufacturing exports (expressed in US dollars) into five effects. The sum of [...]

Key aspects of market structure and state involvement by sector The role of the state in each sector Oil and gas extraction State-controlled Statoil has an important share. Other state [...]

BASIC STATISTICS OF FINLAND (2005) THE LAND Area (1000 [km.sup.2]) 338.1 of which: Agricultural 22.2 Forests 263.2 Lakes 33.7 Major cities (thousand inhabitants, end 2004): Helsinki 559.0 Espoo 227.5 Tampere [...]

Assessment and recommendations After a five-year boom the mainland economy has hit capacity limits... The strong performance of the Norwegian economy since 1993 has lifted mainland GDP by 20 per [...]