24 results
Search Results
2. The Need for a Diverse Environmental Justice Workforce: Using Applied Research to Understand the Impacts of Harmful Environmental Exposures in Vulnerable and Underserved Communities. Occasional Paper. RTI Press Publication OP-0078-2209
- Author
-
RTI International, Harrington, James M., Hawkins, Stephanie, Lang, Michelle, Bodnar, Wanda M., Alberico, Claudia, Rios-Colon, Leslimar, Levine, Keith E., Fernando, Reshan A., Niture, Suryakant, Terry, Tamara, and Kumar, Deepak
- Abstract
Protecting all people from the harmful effects of environmental exposures relies on the coordinated efforts of scientific researchers, regulatory agencies, legislators, and the public. Environmental justice addresses the disproportionate impact that harmful environmental exposures have on individuals and communities who are minoritized and marginalized. It has long been known that environmental problems disproportionately impact these groups; however, addressing these problems has been impeded by structural racism and other biases. Developing effective interventions to eliminate these disparities requires a more diverse and inclusive modern workforce produced by a bottom-up approach beginning with education and professional development of the next generation of researchers. The most effective approaches to addressing inequities rely on active input from impacted populations to ensure cultural and social acceptance and adoption of interventions. Credibly pursuing these efforts in a sustainable, inclusive manner will require a concerted shift in workforce demography. One potential strategy to address these workforce disparities features academic-industry partnerships with targeted professional development programs aimed at minoritized and underserved populations. [This paper was supported by strategic funds from the University Collaboration Office at RTI International and North Carolina Central University.]
- Published
- 2022
3. The Wandering Scholars: Understanding the Heterogeneity of University Commercialization. Working Paper 32069
- Author
-
National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Josh Lerner, Henry J. Manley, Carolyn Stein, and Heidi L. Williams
- Abstract
University-based scientific research has long been argued to be a central source of commercial innovation and economic growth. Yet at the same time, there have been long-held concerns that many university-based discoveries never realize their potential social benefits. Looking across universities, research and commercialization activities such as start-up formation vary tremendously -- variation that could reflect the composition and orientation of faculty research, university-level factors such as patenting and licensing efforts, or broader place-based factors such as location in a technology cluster. We take a first step towards unpacking this heterogeneity in university commercialization by analyzing how the propensity of academic research to spill over to commercial innovation changes when academics move across universities. Our estimates suggest that at least 15-25% of geographic variation in commercial spillovers from university-based research is attributable to place-specific factors. [Funding for this research was received from Harvard Business School's Division of Research and Doctoral Programs, Harvard Economics' SUPER Program.]
- Published
- 2024
4. Proceedings of International Conference on Humanities, Social and Education Sciences (iHSES) (Denver, Colorado, April 13-16, 2023). Volume 1
- Author
-
International Society for Technology, Education and Science (ISTES) Organization, Mack Shelley, Mevlut Unal, and Sabri Turgut
- Abstract
The aim of the International Society for Technology, Education, and Science (iHSES) conference is to offer opportunities to share ideas, discuss theoretical and practical issues, and connect with the leaders in the fields of "humanities," "education" and "social sciences." It is organized for: (1) faculty members in all disciplines of humanities, education and social sciences; (2) graduate students; (3) K-12 administrators; (4) teachers; (5) principals; and (6) all interested in education and social sciences. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]
- Published
- 2023
5. Using a Platform to Run an Experiment outside the Platform
- Author
-
Benjamin Motz, Harmony Jankowski, Jennifer Lopatin, Waverly Tseng, and Tamara Tate
- Abstract
Platform-enabled research services will control, manage, and measure learner experiences within that platform. In this paper, we consider the need for research services that examine learner experiences "outside" the platform. For example, we describe an effort to conduct an experiment on peer assessment in a college writing course, where Terracotta (a research service within the learning management system) randomly assigned students to either (1) write peer assessments themselves, (2) use a generative AI tool to provide the feedback, or (3) build upon and improve the feedback provided by generative AI. This research effort was not successful, and it stands as an example of the limitations of current platform-enabled research services, and the need for infrastructure to support research beyond existing platforms.
- Published
- 2024
6. Challenges Associated with Implementation of Sustainability-Oriented Principles and Practices: Lessons Learnt from South African Universities
- Author
-
Daniels, Carlo, Niemczyk, Ewelina K., and de Beer, Zacharias L.
- Abstract
As evident in scholarly literature, universities worldwide embrace Sustainable Development Goals initiated by United Nations. Yet, regardless institutions' commitment, many countries, especially developing ones, struggle to effectively implement sustainability-oriented principles and practices in higher education. To that end, this paper, based on the qualitative document analysis, brings attention to main challenges associated with the implementation of sustainability-orientated principles and practices in seven South African universities. The findings show that several challenges exist due to the holistic nature of sustainable development (SD) as it is a concept that not only connects different areas of knowledge but also articulates knowledge from distinctive disciplines. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the strategy with the most potential of enhancing the implementation of sustainability-orientated principles and practices and ensuring longevity and improvement require support from top management of higher education institutions (HEIs). In addition, in order to strengthen SD, HEIs need to adapt a holistic approach and implement sustainability principles, knowledge, and practices within all academic activities. In alignment with the theme of the conference, this study provides reflections and recommendations towards the improvement of education considering the experiences and lessons learnt in a specific context. [For the complete Volume 21 proceedings, see ED629259.]
- Published
- 2023
7. Exploring Infranodus: A Text Analysis Tool
- Author
-
Irina Tursunkulova, Suzanne de Castell, and Jennifer Jenson
- Abstract
The exponential growth of scholarly publications in recent years has presented a daunting challenge for researchers to keep track of relevant articles within their research field. To address this issue, we examined the capabilities of InfraNodus, an AI-Powered text network analysis platform. InfraNodus promises to provide insights into any discourse, uncover blind spots, and enhance a scholar's perspective by representing text as a network graph with relevant topical clusters and their relations. To understand the tools' effectiveness in analyzing scholarly articles, we used a set of 15 abstracts and 15 full papers. Our findings revealed that InfraNodus could indeed create topical clusters and meaningful patterns from abstracts, but its generated questions and summaries lacked relevance and coherence with the content. A deeper understanding of how the AI operates within the tool would benefit researchers seeking to optimize their literature review processes. [For the full proceedings, see ED636095.]
- Published
- 2023
8. Basic Issues in Day Care Licensing.
- Author
-
Class, Norris
- Abstract
Three basic issues of day care licensing are dealt with in this paper. These are: (1) Should day care licensing be statutority separate from other child care licensing programs? (2) Where should day care licensing be administratively located? and (3) How much of the safeguarding and upgrading of service can licensing carry in relation to possibly other regulatory programs that might be implemented? The study shows that the differential attitude towards the function of day care and day care licensing was forcibly brought out in a recent research program. It is concluded that as a cultural difference exists as to the function of day care licensing as compared to 24-hour foster care licensing, there would seem to be much operational valor in achieving separability. With respect to the second issue, currently licensing responsibility is carried out mainly by state or state-local departments of public welfare. It is concluded that the possible assignment of day care licensing to state health departments is preferable if there is any possibility of health departments developing a dynamic division of maternal and child health. With respect to the third question, attention is called to accreditation programs under public or private (voluntary) auspices. The Child Welfare League of America is a good example of how a voluntary accreditation agency can go beyond the public licensing authority. It is concluded that a cooperative program in which the public agency licenceses a center and a private one goes beyond the minimum safeguards would be the best solution. [Not available in hard copy due to marginal legibility of original document.] (CK)
- Published
- 2024
9. Manufacturing Backlash: Right-Wing Think Tanks and Legislative Attacks on Higher Education, 2021-2023
- Author
-
American Association of University Professors (AAUP) and Isaac Kamola
- Abstract
During the 2021, 2022, and 2023 state legislative sessions more than one hundred and fifty bills were introduced seeking to actively undermine academic freedom and university autonomy. This includes nearly one hundred academic gag orders affecting higher education, such as those restricting the teaching of "critical race theory" (CRT) and other so-called "divisive concepts." These academic gag orders were shortly followed by efforts to undermine campus diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI), bills weakening tenure and accreditation, and legislation mandating "viewpoint diversity" and academic programming, often in ways that circumvented faculty governance over the curriculum. This legislative onslaught has been understood as simply an effect of America's highly polarized politics. However, as this white paper demonstrates, this legislation has been pushed by a network of right-wing and libertarian think tanks, working closely with Republican politicians, to manufacture a culture war backlash against educators and academic institutions. This white paper explores eleven think tanks that have helped created a self-reinforcing echo chamber of reports, commentary, webinars, op-eds, and other content villainizing faculty and academic institutions. Many of these same organizations also develop model legislation and lobby in support of bills designed to address this manufactured "crisis."
- Published
- 2024
10. Beginning Teachers Training System in Shanghai: How to Guarantee the Teaching Profession from the Start?
- Author
-
Xu, Su
- Abstract
In the last decade, the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission has piloted beginning teachers training system to guarantee the teaching profession from the start. This paper explores concepts and features of beginning teachers training (BTT) system, and challenges and strategies related to the design and implementation of beginning teachers training policies in Shanghai. A qualitative study to explore the challenges and strategies of beginning teachers training system is conducted. In the summary discussion, suggestions are made for policy makers and teacher educators when they try to improve design and implementation of BTT system. [For the complete Volume 20 proceedings, see ED622631.]
- Published
- 2022
11. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on International Research Collaboration: A Pilot Interview Results
- Author
-
Fatemeh Pariafsai, Manish K. Dixit, and Sherecce Fields
- Abstract
While the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant negative impact on the world economy, international research collaborations were disrupted by problems like hiring freezes, stopped lab and fieldwork, delayed research infrastructure, health effects, and restricted travel. This study aims to identify the most critical indicators with the highest relevance to explain the overall impact of the pandemic on international research collaboration. For this purpose, it uses a pilot interview conducted through the Zoom platform at a public research university in the U.S. The interview included six questions designed to reveal the impact of the pandemic on international research collaboration and its indicators. Thirty participants from different departments were interviewed. The findings of this study reveal the most important indicators for the overall impact of the pandemic on international research collaboration. The results can help design research programs, particularly those involving international collaboration, to reduce the adverse impacts of such adverse conditions. [For the full proceedings, see ED656038.]
- Published
- 2023
12. Searching for Racial Health Equity in Schools of Public Health
- Author
-
Erin Marie Manalo-Pedro
- Abstract
Accredited schools of public health are required to prepare graduate students to competently discuss how racism undermines health equity. A systematic assessment of academic public health norms is needed to clarify how graduate education structures the profession of public health to address racial health inequities. Three aims guided my investigation of common practices of knowledge transmission and production in schools of public health: (1) to determine what is taught to students regarding racial health equity; (2) to classify students' use of race and theory; and (3) to categorize and contextualize students' discussions of racism. In this sequential explanatory mixed methods study of existing documents, I examined accreditation self-study reports (N=34) and course syllabi (N=67) from schools of public health (Aim 1) and public health theses and dissertations published between 2018-2022 in the ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database (N=13,797 abstracts for Aim 2; N=25 full-text dissertations for Aim 3). I conducted computational text analysis to estimate keyword distributions, manual content analysis to trace racial health equity concepts, and critical race discourse analysis to interpret patterns. Paper 1 revealed unequal exposure to race-related content. Fewer than half of the course syllabi listed learning objectives with racial health equity concepts. Two-thirds of schools of public health assigned journal articles with 'race' or 'racism'. In Paper 2, 36% of abstracts from students' dissertations and theses contained racial group and explicit theory terms; 62% omitted 'race.' The relative distribution of theories indicated students' focus on proximal exposures rather than structural determinants. In Paper 3, eight percent of abstracts (N=403) contained social inequality theory and racial group terms. I identified three racism narratives within the full-text sample of dissertations: exposure to racism (N=9); potential exposure to racial inequity (N=3); and another exposure among people (N=13). Student-authors' reflexivity and race conscious campus climates appear to promote public health research on racism. Dissertation findings can inform teaching, research, and practice approaches to racial health inequities. Exposing how everyday practices uphold white supremacist hegemony in schools of public health can accelerate the public health profession toward health equity. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
- Published
- 2024
13. Supporting K-12 STEM Education to Create the Foundations for Innovation: Proceedings of a Workshop--In Brief
- Author
-
National Academies, National Academy of Sciences, National Academies, National Academy of Engineering, National Academies, National Academy of Medicine, and Paula Whitacre
- Abstract
The CHIPS and Science Act recognized the importance of exposure to innovation and entrepreneurial concepts at the K-12 level by codifying into law the intention of broadening the base of Americans engaged in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). The Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable (GUIRR) has long sought ways to strengthen partnerships across diverse sectors of the U.S. research ecosystem to meet a range of national challenges, including addressing the issue of STEM education. On February 6 and 7, 2024, GUIRR convened a workshop for members and invited guests that focused on K-12 STEM education to understand how to shape the scientific workforce of the future. [Paula Whitacre served as rapporteur. Additional contributors include the Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable and Policy and Global Affairs.]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Cross-Sectoral Learning in Implementation Research: Harnessing the Potential to Accelerate Results for Children
- Author
-
UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti (Italy), Lewis, Jane, Mildon, Robyn, and Steele, Tom
- Abstract
By illuminating why and how interventions work in real world settings, Implementation Research (IR) is a powerful tool for increasing the likelihood that evidence-based interventions, programmes and policies are successfully implemented. The insights that IR generates help bridge the 'know-do gap'--the gap between what we know works and what actually happens on the ground when we try to put a policy or intervention into place. IR is a means for increasing the likelihood of successful outcomes, reducing the risk of wastage and failure and accelerating programme and system improvements to reduce inequities and achieve desired results. This paper, prepared by the Centre for Evidence and Implementation in collaboration with UNICEF, aims to promote a shared understanding of IR and its relevance to UNICEF's work. [This paper was prepared by the Centre for Evidence and Implementation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), and CHAIN--Centre for Global Health Inequalities Research.]
- Published
- 2022
15. Supporting Learning Communities via Web Service Technologies: Navigating Knowledge Transfer between Infrastructural Services and User Needs
- Author
-
International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS), Wilmers, Annika, and Fahrer, Sigrid
- Abstract
Drawing on research syntheses from the meta project Digi-EBF as well as the German Education Server, this contribution discusses how web products and services offered by the Information Center for Education at DIPF | Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education address and support educational communities. In the area of research syntheses, important factors for success are a methodologically systematic and transparent procedure and an easy open access as well as a monitoring of formats by science communication. The German Education Server meets its transfer task by orientation towards dimensions of information quality, adhering to user's needs and evaluating its effectivity via different assessment and measurement methods.
- Published
- 2022
16. English for Academic Research: Grammar, Usage and Style. Second Edition. English for Academic Research
- Author
-
Wallwork, Adrian and Wallwork, Adrian
- Abstract
This guide draws on English-related errors from around 6000 papers written by non-native authors, 500 abstracts written by PhD students, and over 2000 hours of teaching researchers how to write and present research papers. This new edition has chapters on exploiting AI tools such as ChatGPT, Google Translate, and Reverso, for generating, paraphrasing, translating and correcting texts written in English. It also deals with contemporary issues such as the use of gender pronouns. Due to its focus on the specific errors that repeatedly appear in papers written by non-native authors, this manual is an ideal study guide for use in universities and research institutes. Such errors are related to the usage of articles, countable vs. uncountable nouns, tenses, modal verbs, active vs. passive form, relative clauses, infinitive vs. "-ing" form, the genitive, link words, quantifiers, word order, prepositions, acronyms, abbreviations, numbers and measurements, punctuation, and spelling.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Developing Impactful Summer Research Experiences for Urban Science Teachers
- Author
-
Olson, Jennifer D., Kotche, Miiri A., Collins, Darrin, Shyjka, Andria, and Cummings, Marlon I.
- Abstract
This research examines teachers' perspectives of a summer research experience for urban science teachers at an urban university with an ongoing commitment to support under-resourced schools. The program is a collaboration between the Colleges of Engineering and Education, and was developed to support urban science teachers' understanding of bioengineering concepts and effective pedagogical approaches. The program structure allows teachers to engage in bioengineering research alongside faculty and participate in workshops to support the creation of a culturally sustaining curriculum. This research seeks to highlight teachers' perspectives of the program's impact on their depth of content knowledge and pedagogical skills in an effort to contribute to the body of knowledge about developing meaningful professional development for teachers.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Missing Data: An Update on the State of the Art
- Author
-
Enders, Craig K.
- Abstract
The year 2022 is the 20th anniversary of Joseph Schafer and John Graham's paper titled "Missing data: Our view of the state of the art," currently the most highly cited paper in the history of "Psychological Methods." Much has changed since 2002, as missing data methodologies have continually evolved and improved; the range of applications that are possible with modern missing data techniques has increased dramatically, and software options are light years ahead of where they were. This article provides an update on the state of the art that catalogs important innovations from the past two decades of missing data research. The paper addresses topics described in the original paper, including developments related to missing data theory, full information maximum likelihood, Bayesian estimation, multiple imputation, and models for missing not at random processes. The paper also describes newer factored regression specifications and missing data handling for multilevel models, both of which have been a focus of recent research. The paper concludes with a summary of the current software landscape and a discussion of several practical issues. [This paper will be published in "Psychological Methods."]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. The Relationship between Teaching and Research in UK Universities -- What Is It and Does It Matter? HEPI Report 162
- Author
-
Higher Education Policy Institute (HEPI) (United Kingdom) and Dandridge, Nicola
- Abstract
This Report by Nicola Dandridge considers the different approaches taken by higher education institutions, students, academics and policymakers towards the relationship between teaching and research. It notes how frequently the concept of research-informed teaching is invoked, yet how obscurely it is implemented. The relationship appears to mean different things to different people -- and administrations of all political complexions seem unconvinced by its value. The paper explores the ways in which the relationship between teaching and research can add significant value and have a transformative impact on students. It also notes examples where there is in practice no obvious relationship between the two activities, and where from students' perspectives there does not need to be. This HEPI Report finishes by asking whether it matters that the relationship is contested and sometimes opaque, and concludes that it does matter, at least in some respects.
- Published
- 2023
20. The Operations Triad Model and Youth Mental Health Assessments: Catalyzing a Paradigm Shift in Measurement Validation
- Author
-
De Los Reyes, Andres, Wang, Mo, Lerner, Matthew D., Makol, Bridget A., Fitzpatrick, Olivia M., and Weisz, John R.
- Abstract
Researchers strategically assess youth mental health by soliciting reports from multiple informants. Typically, these informants (e.g., parents, teachers, youth themselves) vary in the social contexts where they observe youth. Decades of research reveal that the most common data conditions produced with this approach consist of discrepancies across informants' reports (i.e., "informant discrepancies"). Researchers should arguably treat these informant discrepancies as "domain-relevant information": data relevant to understanding youth mental health domains (e.g., anxiety, depression, aggression). Yet, historically, in youth mental health research as in many other research areas, one set of paradigms has guided interpretations of informant discrepancies: "Converging Operations" and the "Multi-Trait Multi-Method Matrix" ("MTMM"). These paradigms (a) emphasize shared or "common variance" observed in multivariate data, and (b) inspire research practices that treat "unique variance" (i.e., informant discrepancies) as "measurement confounds," namely random error and/or rater biases. Several years ago, the Operations Triad Model emerged to address a conceptual problem that Converging Operations does not address: Some informant discrepancies might reflect measurement confounds, whereas others reflect domain-relevant information. However, addressing this problem requires more than a conceptual paradigm shift beyond Converging Operations. This problem necessitates a paradigm shift in "measurement validation." We advance a paradigm (Classifying Observations Necessitates Theory, Epistemology, and Testing [CONTEXT]) that addresses problems with using the MTMM in youth mental health research. CONTEXT optimizes measurement validity by guiding researchers to leverage (a) informants that produce domain-relevant informant discrepancies, (b) analytic procedures that retain domain-relevant informant discrepancies, and (c) study designs that facilitate detecting domain-relevant informant discrepancies. [This paper will be published in "Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology."]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Bridging the research-practice gap in education: Initiatives from 3 OECD countries.
- Author
-
Schlicht-Schmälzle, Raphaela, Hill, Jordan, Folkvord, Kåre Andreas, Tharaldsen, Kjersti Balle, Wargo, Jennifer, Hartmann, Ulrike, and Révai, Nóra
- Subjects
RESEARCH-practice gap ,EDUCATION ,PARTNERSHIPS in education ,EDUCATION research ,RESEARCH - Abstract
Over the past two decades, the use of research in educational practice has emerged as a policy imperative in many OECD countries. However, concerns about the significant gap between research evidence and practice are persistent. This working paper delves into the role of research-practice partnerships in bridging this persistent divide. It critically evaluates common assumptions associated with such partnerships through an overview of research, insights from recent OECD data, and importantly, through three in-depth case studies. The case studies illustrate partnerships between education researchers and school practitioners in three contexts: Norway, the United States, and Germany. They examine the conditions under which these can achieve an impact on both research and practice and illuminate challenges and open questions associated with these collaborations. The paper aims to inform policy makers and researchers alike on the potential and limitations of research-practice partnerships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Implementing the OECD Frascati Manual: Proposed reference items for business R&D surveys.
- Author
-
Galindo-Rueda, Fernando and López-Bassols, Vladimir
- Subjects
BUSINESS ,RESEARCH ,SURVEYS ,SCHOLARS ,TESTING - Abstract
This working paper contains guidance, of a voluntary and indicative nature, on the implementation of business R&D surveys, consistent with the standards and proposals contained in the OECD Frascati Manual. The document is oriented towards experts in charge of designing and implementing official R&D surveys, but may be also valuable to academics and researchers with a similar practical orientation. It aims to promote widespread testing and implementation in view of a potential future revision of the Frascati Manual or release of complementary annexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Coast Guard Polar Security Cutter (Polar Icebreaker) Program: Background and Issues for Congress.
- Author
-
O'Rourke, Ronald
- Subjects
COASTAL surveillance ,RESEARCH ,SOVEREIGNTY ,BUDGET reform ,FINANCIAL management ,ICE breaking operations ,GOVERNMENT vessels - Abstract
The article discusses about The Coast Guard's polar icebreakers are essential for a range of missions beyond icebreaking, including scientific research, sovereignty defense, monitoring sea traffic, and conducting typical Coast Guard missions in both the Arctic and Antarctic regions. Also topic include the U.S. Coast Guard's icebreaker acquisition programs, including the Polar Security Cutter (PSC) program for acquiring heavy polar icebreakers.
- Published
- 2023
24. U.S.-China Science and Technology Cooperation Agreement.
- Author
-
Sutter, Karen M. and Sargent Jr., John F.
- Subjects
RESEARCH ,HEALTH ,ENERGY policy ,AGREEMENT (Grammar) ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges - Abstract
The article presents the discussion on addressing China's growing research and technological capabilities and increasingly restrictive and risky operating environment for cross-border research. Topics include expanded S&T ties with China to address global challenges, such as health, energy, and climate; and U.S.-China STA is an umbrella agreement that governs U.S. government S&T work with China and is part of a broader S&T ecosystem of universities.
- Published
- 2023
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.