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This document launches a wide public consultation with all those involved in and with an interest in the European Union's (EU's) education, training, and youth programs called Socrates, Tempus, Leonardo da Vinci, and Youth for Europe. It is the first step toward preparing the new generation of programs to start in 2007 and will inform the Commission of European Communities's upcoming detailed proposals for such programs. Sections 2-4 set out the context for this consultation, reporting what has been achieved so far in EU programs; what have been the main developments at European level in education, training, and youth policy; and the scope of program action in these fields. Consultees are invited to respond to a series of 13 key questions that are set out in detail in Section 5. They are divided into these three sections: the type of action to be supported through European programs in the period after 2006; the geographical coverage of the programs (which countries should be involved in which actions); and the design and structure of the new generation of programs. Section 6 explains the different ways the consultees can send in their views. The appendix contains a list of 17 web addresses, offering more information about each action or policy mentioned in the document. (YLB)

This report presents the testimony and submissions presented at the first of a series of Congressional hearings on workforce development and reauthorization of the Workforce Investment Act. Statements were given by the following individuals: (1) Buck McKeon, U.S. (United States) Congressman from California; (2) John Tierney, U.S. Congressman from Massachusetts; (3) Bruce Stenslie, Director of the Ventura County, California, Workforce Investment Board and Deputy Director of the Ventura County Human Services Agency; (4) Danny Wegman, President of Wegman's Food Markets; (5) Diane D. Rath, Chair of the Texas Workforce Commission and Commissioner Representing the Public, Austin, Texas; and (6) Timothy Barnicle, Co-Director of the Workforce Development Program, National Center on Education and the Economy. The bulk of the document consists of the written statements of these witnesses and a sampling of promising best practices from the nation's Workforce Investment System. (AJ)

This document records the oral and written testimony from a 1999 Senate Committee hearing on "the forgotten half"--young people who do not continue their education past high school and, in many cases, do not finish high school. Witnesses testified that there is a great need for persons with technical skills to fill existing and projected jobs in the United States, but that young people with the appropriate skills cannot be found. In response to this need, some witnesses suggested that more attention should be paid to high schools when Congress re-authorizes the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Current legislation directs only 8 percent of the funds authorized by the act to high schools, although 28 percent of students are in high school. The witnesses asked for more funding for programs to improve high school teaching in technical areas and for minority and disadvantaged students, and to create innovative programs. Several witnesses profiled the programs in which they are involved, which have been successful in helping low-achieving students to acquire basic and technical skills and to advance to postsecondary education and to higher-wage employment. (KC)

This document provides an overview of the Workforce Investment Act, which provides the framework for a national work force preparation and employment system designed to meet simultaneously the needs of the nation's businesses and of job seekers wishing to further their careers. The document begins with a brief summary of the act's five titles, which do the following: authorize the new work force investment system; reauthorize adult education and literacy programs; make employment service/job service activities become part of the "one-stop" system and establish a national employment statistics initiative; reauthorize Rehabilitation Act programs and link the programs to state and local work force development systems; and authorize state unified plans and incentive grants for work force development programs. Discussed in the document's remaining sections are the following: the new work force preparation and employment system's key features ("customer focus,""one-stop" approach, empowerment through training accounts, accountability); eligibility and service requirements affecting adults, dislocated workers, and youth served by the system; design and management of the new system (state and local work force investment boards, youth councils); funding; and implementation. Appended is a detailed comparison of the provisions of the Job Training Partnership Act and the Workforce Investment Act of 1998. (MN)

The Department of Labor (DOL) conducts several activities to foster Job Corps' employer and community linkages to ensure the appropriateness of its vocational training to local labor markets and its relevance to employer needs. However, a review by the General Accounting Office (GAO) determined that information reported by DOL on the percentage of Job Corps participants who complete their vocational training and obtain training-related jobs is misleading and overstates program results. Although Job Corps reported that, in program year 1996, 48% of program participants nationwide completed training, the GAO found that only 14% of program participants had actually completed all requirements of their vocational training curricula. The remaining participants counted by Job Corps as completing training had completed only some of the duties and tasks of a specific volunteer training program. According to DOL, 62% of Job Corps participants nationwide found jobs matching their training. At the five Job Corps centers visited by the GAO, however, the validity of 41% of the job placements reported by DOL to be training related was questionable. The GAO also questioned DOL's practice of awarding sole-source contracts to national labor and business organizations for vocational training. (MN)

This conference report outlines the proposed House of Representatives and Senate compromise regarding disputed provisions in the proposed School-to-Work Opportunities Act of 1994. First, Congress' findings regarding the education needs of noncollege-bound students, youth employment, work-based learning, and educational attainment in the United States are summarized. Next, the major purposes of the proposed School-to-Work Opportunities Act of 1994 and Congress' intent in passing it are outlined, and pertinent definitions are presented. The remainder of the report consists of the proposed compromise text of titles I-VII of the act, which deal with the following: School-to-Work Opportunities basic program components, system development and implementation grants to the states, federal implementation grants to local partnerships, national programs, waiver of statutory and regulatory requirements, general provisions, other programs, and technical provisions. (MN)

The Youth Conservation Corps (YCC) is a summer employment program for youth ages 15 through 18 from all segments of society. The program provides teenage employment and accomplishes conservation work on public lands. This hearing provides testimony by participants and directors in or related to the Corps to request funding for the YCC. The opening statement is given by Chairman of the Subcommittee on Energy and the Environment, Peter H. Kostmayer. Statements are also given by: (1) Allyssa Prazenic, member, Pennsylvania Conservation Corps; (2) Eleazar Dominguez, member, Pennsylvania Conservation Corps; (3) Virginia Crouch, graduate, Youth Conservation Corps; (4) Carlton Williams, ranger supervisor, Fairmont Park; (5) Paul McCloskey, Jr., Chair, House Commission on National and Community Service; (6) David Moffitt, U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Assistant Director, Visitor Services; (7) William Hartwig, U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish & Wildlife Service, Deputy Assistant Director, Refuges and Wildlife; (8) Jay Lamar Beasley, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Deputy Chief for Administration; (9) Peter Engbretson, executive director, Philadelphia Ranger Corps; (10) Don Mathis, director, Pennsylvania Conservation Corps; (11) Richard Bernheimer, interim director, California Conservation Corps; (12) Kathleen Selz, executive director, National Association of Service and Conservation Corps; (13) Margaret Rosenberry, Youth Service America, director, finance and administration; and (14) Destry Jarvis, executive vice president, Student Conservation Association. The document contains a Conservation and Service Corps Profiles chart which highlights the various programs. The appendix contains two letters submitted for the hearing record. (KS)

This report presents international statistics on the status of children and families, and thus updates a 1988 fact sheet containing international comparisons of public policies promoting the well-being of children and families. Included in the report are data on basic demographic trends, family composition and marital dissolution, the economic status of children, health, education, labor force participation, and family formation. The report indicates that children in the United States are frequently at greater risk than children in other developed countries for social, economic, and health problems. The greatest disparities are in the number of children affected by divorce, youth homicide, child poverty rates, infant mortality, and teenage pregnancy. In some instances, such as births to unmarried women, demographic and social changes in other western countries over the last two decades closely parallel those in the U.S. Some conditions of U.S. children, such as youth suicide and unemployment rates, are similar or less troublesome than conditions in other industrialized countries. The text is followed by a glossary. A total of 147 references are cited. An appendix provides 31 tables which offer international comparisons of various demographic categories. (RH)

It is the purpose of this Act to provide job training and employment opportunities for economically disadvantaged, unemployed, and underemployed persons, and to assure that training and other services lead to maximum employment opportunities and enhance self-sufficiency by establishing a flexible and decentralized system of Federal, State, and local programs. Title 1 establishes a program to provide unemployed and underemployed persons with comprehensive manpower services throughout the nation. Title 2 provides transitional employment in jobs providing needed public services in areas of substantial unemployment and, wherever feasible, related training and manpower services to enable such persons to move into employment or training not supported under this title. Title 3 deals with special Federal responsibilities: (1) special manpower target groups, and (2) research, training, and evaluation. Title 4 establishes a Job Corps for low-income disadvantaged young men and women, setting forth selection standards and procedures, authorizing establishment of program centers, and determining other responsibilities. Title 5 establishes a National Commission for Manpower Policy which will have the responsibility for examining these issues, for suggesting ways and means of dealing with them, and for advising the Secretary on national manpower issues. (MW)

In its report accompanying the 1974 amendments to the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), the Senate Labor Committee concluded that in general child labor in agriculture was physically and mentally detrimental to the health and well-being of participating children, acting as a social depressant, stunting their intellectual growth and capacity, and resulting in economic exploitation negatively affecting the local adult wage rate. Congress, therefore, adopted legislation prohibiting the employment in agriculture of all children under the age of 12 except those working on farms owned or operated by their parents or guardians, or with the consent of their parents or guardians on farms exempt from the minimum wage and overtime provisions of the act by virtue of the 500 man-day test. In both exceptions, the children must be employed outside school hours in the school district where they reside. Opponents of the legislation suggested that the amendments have created isolated situations of severe economic hardship which could be legislatively remedied without any negative side effects on those children being protected. This hearing examined the arguments both pro and con for this position within the framework of the 3 premises on which the decision was made to prohibit the agricultural employment of children under 12--the physical effects on the children, the social effects on the community, and the economic impact on the area's wage structure. (NQ)

A provision of the 1974 amendments to the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) prohibited children under the age of 12 from working in agriculture, except on their parents' farms. Purpose of this provision was to codify as a matter of national social policy that children under 12 should not work for hire in agriculture or any other industry, where they may be exploited or abused. The provision was designed to improve Federal law banning sweatshop practices and abuses in migrant labor situations. Opponents of the provision suggested that there may be situations where the very valid reasons behind this new law simply did not apply. For instance, Aroostook County (Maine) relies heavily on the potato industry which relies heavily on the labor of schoolchildren. Yet, there is no exploitation or abuse since the children are considered an important and willing part of the labor force. Focusing on children under 12 picking potatoes in Maine, this hearing examined the intention and practical effect of the provision. Testimony was heard from educators, students, parents, and representatives from the Maine Department of Manpower Affairs, Maine Employment Security Office, Maine Potato Council, Agricultural Bargaining Council, Aroostook County Farm Bureau, Aroostook Farm Labor Association, National Committee on the Education of Migrant Children, and North American Blueberry Council. (NQ)

Federal and State of Michigan regulations related to employing youth in farm occupations are presented in the document. Issues such as minimum wage, minimum age, hazardous occupations regulations, and compulsory education requirements are covered as well as a legal definition of agriculture, social security and income tax regulations, and supervision of youth in farm occupations. Appended is a list of documents addressing these issues. (LJ)

The document is a copy of Public Law 93-408 enacted by the 93rd Congress, September 3, 1974 to amend the Youth Conservation Corps Act of 1970 in order to expand and make permanent the Youth Conservation Corps. The amended provisions deal with policy and purposes of the Corps, and qualifications, equal opportunity, employment, and term of employment of the participants. The duties and functions of the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Agriculture in carrying out the act are outlined. They involve regulations, availability of Corps facilities not in use to educational institutions, cost responsibility, use of unoccupied Federal facilities and surplus equipment, and contract authority. Provisions concerning the grant program for State projects include application requirements and approval and grant limitation, payments and appropriation percentage. Also covered by the amendment are secretarial reports and authorization of appropriations. (MS)

This hearing before the Joint Economic Committee contains statements from Members of Congress and others concerning the high youth unemployment rates and the youth transition to work. Possible ways of improvement are discussed, such as a national voluntary youth service, a civilian conservation corps, and a range of youth service training programs. The document includes several prepared statements and papers submitted for the record. (MF)

The purpose of the hearing before the Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs was to receive testimony on two bills pending before the Committee, S.2630 and H.R.10138, both introducing legislation to amend the Youth Conservation Corps Act of 1970 to provide year-round employment of young adults, ages 19 to 24, to reduce the backlog of conservation-related projects on public lands and waters. Texts of both bills are presented, calling for the amended act to be cited as the "Young Adult Conservation Corps Act." Statements from witnesses and additional material submitted for the record include a request from an attorney representing several Indian tribes for tribal administration of youth corps projects on Indian reservations. Administration views opposing the youth corps mentioned high costs and potential inflationary effects. Other testimony referred to potential benefits resulting from the youth corps and recommended its involvement in economically productive activities. (MF)

Proceedings are presented of hearings before the Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education and the Subcommittee on Employment Opportunities on the assessment of coordination of youth employment programs under the Vocational Education Act and The Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA). Focusing on the level of cooperation between educational agencies and CETA programs serving youth, testimony was received from nine educational administrators. In addition, prepared statements by each of the witnesses and other educators are presented. (LRA)

A compilation of fourteen federal laws relating to employment and training is provided. The laws are as follow: Comprehensive Employment and Training Act of 1973, as amended; Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act of 1978 (Humphrey-Hawkins Act); National Apprenticeship Act; Reimbursement for unemployment benefits paid on basis of public service employment, Title II, Part B, Emergency Jobs and Unemployment Assistance Act of 1974; Wagner-Peyser Act; Work Incentive Program, Title IV, Social Security Act; Win Tax Credits, Targeted Job Tax Credit; Youth Conservation Corps Act of 1970; Employment Opportunities for Handicapped Individuals Act; Excerpts from the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964; Older Americans Community Service Employment Act; Youth Employment, Title III, Part F, Elementary and Secondary Act of 1965; Work study programs, Title IV, Part C, Higher Education Act of 1965, and the Vocational Education Act of 1963. (JH)

These congressional hearings contain testimony given in Washington, D.C. at nine hearings pertinent to the H.R. 6711 (Youth Act of 1980) and H.R. 6897 (Amendments to the Elementary Secondary Education Act of 1965). (These are bills to extend the authorization and improve youth training and employment programs, to extend the authorization of the private sector initiative, and to authorize intensive and remedial education programs for youths.) Statements, letters, and supplemental materials provided by seventy-three individuals and organizations are included. Organizations represented include (1) various city and state departments of education, (2) The National Education Association, (3) The American Vocational Association, (4) The American Association of School Administrators, (5) The American Federation of Teachers, (6) The League of United Latin American Citizens, (7) The National Council on Employment Policy, (8) The Council of the Great City Schools, and (9) The International Reading Association. Texts of H.R. 6711 and H.R. 6897 are provided. (MN)

Proceedings are presented of hearings before the U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Employment, Poverty, and Migratory Labor of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources on the Youth Employment Act, 1980. The act is designed to provide an effective and efficient youth employment program designed to improve career opportunities for youth between the ages of eighteen and twenty-four, particularly economically disadvantaged youth. Among those testifying at the hearing were five unemployed young persons, representatives of the United Auto Workers, AFL-CIO, and the National Commission for Employment Policy. (LRA)

This is a report of hearings held in Washington, D.C., on March 11, 13, 18, 19, and 25, 1980, on five federal youth employment and training bills: H.R. 4465, H.R. 4534, H.R. 5876, H.R. 6208, and H.R. 6711. H.R. 4465 proposes to combine immediate work and training and training opportunities with long-term changes in the institutions and programs that service young people. H.R. 4534 would establish a program of full employment, vocational training, and placement for all young people. Also discussed are H.R. 5876, Opportunities Industrialization Centers, skill training, and national community-based organization, and the Youth Job Creation and Employment Act of 1979; H.R. 6208, amending the Internal Revenue Code and establishing the academy of education and work; and H.R. 6711, extending authorization of youth training and employment programs and improving them and authorizing intensive and remedial education programs. (Copies of the bills are included.) Testimony includes statements from 20 individuals and prepared statements, letters, supplemental materials, etc., from 26 individuals representing the National Youth Advocacy Coalition; National Youthwork Alliance; National Association of Counties; National Alliance of Business; National Urban League, Inc.; Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation; AFL-CIO; National Commission for Employment Policy; Opportunities Industrialization Centers of America; National Association of Private Industry Councils; and National Council on Employment Policy. (YLB)

This document consists of transcripts of testimony presented at Congressional hearings concerning Title II of the Youth Act of 1980. The provisions of the act include extending the authorization of youth training and employment programs and improving such programs; extending the authorization of the private sector initiative program; and authorizing intensive and remedial education programs. Testimony is included from the Secretary of Education; the American Federation of Teachers; the National Education Association; the American Personnel and Guidance Association; various youth advocacy programs and youth program agencies; and Kaiser Aluminum Company. (Copies of the bill and related documents are included.) (KC)

This congressional report contains a discussion of the provisions of the Youth Act of 1980 (H.R. 6711) and presents dissenting views on the act. (The Youth Act of 1980 extends the authorization of and improves youth training and employment programs, extends the authorization of the private initiative program, and authorizes intensive and remedial education programs for youth.) After a summary of the act, the history of its consideration and the need for its enactment are outlined. Approximately one-third of this report consists of an analysis of the cost and major provisions of the act. The changes made by the Youth Act of 1980 in the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act in the area of youth employment demonstration programs (specifically in the areas of youth incentive entitlement projects, youth community conservation and improvement projects, and youth employment and training programs) are set forth in a section occupying nearly half this report. Dissenting views on the issues of using new monies and new policies, the failure to address the problem of basic skills and to adequately concentrate funds, and private employers and the failure to adequately involve the community in program implementation are provided. (MN)

This is a report of hearings held in New York City on September 17, 1979, and in Philadelphia on October 20, 1979, on two federal youth employment bills: H.R. 4465 and H.R. 4534. H.R. 4465 proposes to combine immediate work and training and training opportunities with long term changes in the institutions and programs which serve young people. H.R. 4534, The Full Youth Employment Act, would establish a program of full employment, vocational training, and placement for all young people, ages 16 to 24. Also discussed in this document is H.R. 4536, a bill which would extend the Targeted Jobs Act credit to in-school youth who are between 16 and 18 years old and economically disadvantaged. Testimony is included from sixty-one individuals and groups including the following: (1) in New York City, representatives of the City Human Resource Administration, and the Department of Employment, New York State Division for Youth, and Community Council of Greater New York, The Youth Unemployment Coalition, All-Craft Foundation, and The People's Development Corporation; (2) in Philadelphia, representatives of City Council of Philadelphia, Philadelphia Urban League, Area Manpower Planning Council, Education to Work Council of Philadelphia, Private Industry Council, and Opportunities Industrialization Centers of America. Copies of the bills are not included in this third volume of the hearings. (MEK)

Proceedings are presented of hearings before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources (1) to examine the transition from school to work and explore the nature of youth employment and unemployment and (2) to gauge the conditions, trends and problems likely to affect federal labor and human resources policy in the 1980s. Among those testifying were Willard Wirtz, National Manpower Institute; Joseph Anderson, Scientific Time Sharing Corporation; Alice Rivlin, Congressional Budget Office; Jennings Randolph, U.S. Senator; Joan Wiskowski, New Jersey Department of Labor and Industry; and Isabell Sawhill, National Commission for Employment Policy. (LRA)

This conference report covers the Comprehensive and Employment Training Act Amendments 1978 to provide improved employment and training services. The first two-thirds of the report presents each of the eight titles comprising the amendments. Title 1 covers the administrative provisions, both organizational and general. Title 2 on comprehensive employment and training services focuses on financial assistance provisions, services for the economically disadvantaged (includes youth, older workers, and public assistance recipients), and occupational upgrading and retraining. The third title stipulates special federal responsibilities, including special national programs and activities for Native Americans, migrant workers, veterans, handicapped persons, and older workers, as well as information on efforts in research, training, and evaluation. Title 4 provides for youth programs, such as Youth Incentive Entitlement Pilot Projects, Youth Community Conservation and Improvement Projects, Youth Employment and Training Programs, Job Corps, and Summer Youth Program. Title 5 establishes the National Commission for Employment Policy, and the sixth title provides for the Countercyclical Public Service Employment Program. Title 7 covers private sector opportunities for the economically disadvantaged while the last provides for the establishment of a Young Adult Conservation Corps. The last third of the report notes the differences between the Senate bill and the House amendment and the substitute agreed to in conference. (EM)

The Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act of 1978 is reproduced in its entirety. The act, public law 95-523, is designed to translate into practical reality the right of all Americans to full opportunity for useful paid employment at fair compensation rates; to assert the federal government's responsibility to use all programs and policies promoting full employment and balanced growth; to require the president each year to set forth short-term/medium-term economic goals; to achieve better integration of general and structural economic policies; and to improve economic policymaking coordination within the federal government. The act contains a table of contents and four titles, each of which embodies various sections. The titles include (1) the establishment of goals and general economic policies, (2) structural policies and programs, including treatment of resource restraints, (3) policies and procedures for congressional review, and (4) general provisions. (CSS)

Hearings on the effects of structural employment and training programs on inflation and unemployment are presented. The purpose of the hearings is to determine the best approach or mix of approaches to combat structural unemployment. The document is arranged in four parts. The first section presents six witnesses and statements before the Joint Economic Committee of Congress on February 9, 1979. The second section includes six witnesses and statements before the committee on February 21, 1979. A total of nine prepared statements, submitted for the record, are included in sections 3 and 4. "The White Paper on the New Comprehensive Employment and Training Program" and a report on "Programs to Reduce Structural Unemployment" are appended. (LRA)

On July 31, 1978, the U.S. Senate Committee on Human Resources held a hearing in Perth Amboy, New Jersey, on the problem of youth unemployment. In particular, the effectiveness of the CETA (Comprehensive Employment and Training Act) and YEDPA (Youth Employment and Demonstration Projects Act) programs concerned the Committee. Following an opening statement by Senator Harrison Williams, testimony and prepared statements were given by public officials of Perth Amboy and Middlesex County as well as by school officials, representatives of various community agencies, and CETA trainees. The majority of witnesses felt that CETA had achieved limited success in targeting services and jobs to those in need. The Puerto Rican Association of Human Development presented testimony and documentation on the failure of CETA to help Hispanics gain employment. It was recommended that CETA develop more sophisticated evaluation procedures, that local agencies have more input in funding distribution, bilingual programs be instituted, and CETA and the school districts increase their cooperative efforts. David H. Tyrrell of Middlesex County College testified on the relationship between CETA and colleges, stressing the need for ongoing commitment on the part of the government and the schools. He also emphasized the importance of bilingual education. (Also included are materials submitted by parties not present and an entry in the Congressional Record by Senator Williams summarizing the hearing.) (ELG)

This report of a program to increase cooperation, coordination, and collaboration between Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) youth programs and local educational agency (LEA) systems provides information on the laws and regulations supporting cooperative efforts. It also reports findings of a survey of educators and CETA Youth Employment and Training Program (YETP) and LEA staff. Chapter 1 outlines program objectives and activities. Chapter 2 summarizes federal legislation supporting mandated linkages, overviews some efforts, and reviews research on vocational education and manpower training program effectiveness. In chapter 3 are presented results of a survey of LEA and CETA personnel regarding adequacy of linkage efforts and obstacles to improving these efforts. Data indicates major discrepancies between the perceptions regarding the types and degree of cooperative effort. Program uncertainty and inconsistencies are reported as the greatest obstacles to effective linkages. Chapter 4 contains conference proceedings. The eight presentations focus on impact of Reagan budget proposals on the implications of economic development in Connecticut for vocational education, employment training programs, and private sector initiatives and three successful linkage programs. Chapter 5 makes recommendations for linkage action. Appendixes contain the survey instrument and data. (YLB)

Prepared at the request of the U.S. Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources, this study analyzes present federal programs serving youth and evaluates a variety of alternative approaches, without making recommendations. After a summary of the issues involved in the youth employment problem (such as whether to emphasize training and education programs that would help youth obtain jobs in future years or to stress programs that would provide immediate employment and income; and how to achieve the desired emphasis: by continuing existing programs without change, by modifying them, or by establishing new ones), the report presents in five chapters (1) an overview of current youth education and employment problems; (2) a description of current federal youth employment and education programs; (3) an evaluation of current youth employment and education programs; (4) a description of the Carter Administration's youth proposal (Youth Act of l980) and an evaluation of it; and (5) alternatives to the Administration's plan. Appendixes contain recent history of employment programs and eligibility criteria and population characteristics of participants in federal employment programs. (KC)

This document records testimony on youth employment and welfare reform jobs given before a U.S. Senate subcommittee in March, 1980. The testimony concerns the Carter Administration's proposed legislation for youth employment programs for Fiscal Years 1981-82. Issues raised include funding; effectiveness of current programs, such as the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) programs and supported work programs; Private Industry Councils; the need for better linkages between the educational system and Labor Department employment programs; and the education-work relationship. Witnesses included Secretary of Labor Ray Marshall and representatives of state, county, and local governments, community-based organizations, vocational and educational agencies, employment and training institutions, and business and labor groups. (KC)

These congressional hearings contain testimony pertaining to the continuation of funding for the Young Adult Conservation Corps (YACC) and the Youth Conservation Corps (YCC). (Modeled after the Civilian Conservation Corps, the YACC and the YCC are youth conservation programs that provide jobs to youth in such areas as tree planting, trail maintenance, construction, rangeland improvement, and wildlife management improvement.) Among those providing testimony were youth involved in the two programs, state conservationists and state officials who have worked with the youths, and representatives from the Forest Service, the National Council of La Raza, and the American Forestry Association. Focus of the testimony is on benefits of the programs to participants and to the community, the cost effectiveness of individual programs, and estimated costs of providing alternative services in the event of termination of funding for the YACC and YCC. (MN)

This congressional hearing contains testimony about the problem of youth unemployment and about the relationship between youth employment opportunities and the minimum wage. A special focus is the administration's proposal for the enactment of a youth employment opportunity wage, under which youth below the age of 20 could be paid 75 percent of the existing Federal minimum wage during the summer months. Testimony includes statements and prepared statements by professors of economics at Boston University and George Mason University. A statement on youth employment and minimum wage by the National Grocers Association is submitted for the record. (YLB)

This hearing concerned an amendment of the Job Training Partnership Act that would establish an education component in the summer youth employment programs funded under part B, Title II, of that Act. The first bill discussed (H.R. 1090) would convert the existing programs to ones that (1) provide basic academic and functional competencies for youth; (2) provide counseling on the connection between skills and job prospects; (3) involve those who are behind in school in combined work experience and remedial education activities; and (4) develop individual remedial strategies for each young person to pursue during the school year. The bill also details for what purposes and to whom funds should be allocated. The second bill presented (H.R. 1722) would authorize the appropriation of additional funds for a summer youth educational enhancement program by (1) reaffirming the congressional intention that summer youth employment and training programs include a remedial basic education component; and (2) providing additional incentives to encourage state and local authorities to prepare disadvantaged youth to enter the work force and achieve academically. Individuals presenting testimony at the hearing included government officials, researchers, representatives of public and private sector organizations that provide job training services to youth, and labor union officials. (CG)

This document contains a transcript of a hearing concerning the proposed Community Partnership for Employment and Training Act (H.R. 5320) and two related bills (H.R. 5461 and H.R. 5533). The transcript York, New York). Act proposes to establish a community public-private training and employment assistance system and to provide employment and training services. The act would replace the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) legislation, which was due to expire September 30, 1982. Included in the transcript are testimony and prepared statements given by CETA program completers, community action organization spokespersons, the mayor of New York City, union representatives, youth employment and training programs staff members, and Private Industry Council representatives, among others. Although differing in perspectives according to the organizations that they represent, those testifying asked that this legislation be passed to continue the job of CETA to provide employment training and job placement to the unemployed and disadvantaged. They pointed out their programs' successes and asked for continuing aid. The speakers especially pointed to the efficacy of community-based organizations and asked that funding for their job training programs be continued. Specific proposals for program revisions and improvements were also made. (KC)

This is a congressional hearing to examine S. 2687, the Youth Employment Opportunity Wage Act. (This bill would permit employers to pay youth a wage of 75 percent of the statutory minimum wage during the summer. The bill has a sunset provision.) Testimony includes statements from U.S. Senators and Representatives and from individuals representing the American GI Forum of the U.S.; American Farm Bureau Federation; Rockefeller Foundation; Board of National Conference of Black Mayors; Chamber of Commerce of the U.S.; Retail Bakers of America; Printing Industries of America, Inc.; Opportunities Industrialization Centers; AFL-CIO; Department of Labor; National Club Association; National Grocers Association; National Association of Manufacturers; National Federation of Independent Business; Minimum Wage Study Commission; and National Association of Minority Contractors. Additional materials are an excerpt from the Minimum Wage Study Commission, a report on findings of the youth entitlement demonstration, and questions and answers. (YLB)

The Job Training Partnership Act is intended to establish programs to prepare youth and unskilled adults for entry into the labor force and to afford job training to those economically disadvantaged individuals who are in special need of such training to obtain productive employment. The act is organized into five titles. Title I prescribes the job training partnership, including the service delivery system (such as private industry councils and job training plans), state responsibilities, program requirements, and federal and fiscal administrative provisions. Title II contains provisions for training services for the disadvantaged, including adult and youth programs and summer youth employment and training programs. Title III explains employment and training assistance for dislocated workers, including allocation of funds, identification of dislocated workers, and state plans, while Title IV describes federally administered programs. These programs include employment and training projects for Native Americans and migrants, the Job Corps, veterans employment programs, national activities such as pilot projects, labor market information, the National Commission for Employment Policy, and training to fulfill affirmative action obligations. The final title contains miscellaneous provisions concerning the Wagner-Peyser Act, Social Security Act, and Military Selective Service Act. (KC)

The Job Training Partnership Act is intended to establish programs to prepare youth and unskilled adults for entry into the labor force and to afford job training to those economically disadvantaged individuals who are in special need of such training to obtain productive employment. The act is organized into five titles. This document contains the conference report as agreed to by a committee of the two Houses of Congress on the way to the passage of this act. The bill as recommended for passage by the committee is first published. Then the report examines the bill in detail and documents how either the Senate or House of Representatives version of the bill is discrepant to the final version as approved by the committee. (KC)

The Job Training Partnership Act is intended to establish programs to prepare youth and unskilled adults for entry into the labor force and to afford job training to those economically disadvantaged individuals who are in special need of such training to obtain productive employment. The act is organized into five titles. This document contains an amendment to the bill from the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives submitted to the whole House as the bill was on its way to enactment. The document also contains other views and minority reports on the substance of the bill, along with reasons for disagreement on specific sections of the bill. (KC)

This Congressional report contains the testimony given at a hearing pertaining to passage of the Youth Employment Opportunity Wage Act of 1985. (The act, which would terminate in September 1987, would authorize an employer to pay a subminimum, "youth employment opportunity wage" to a person under 20 years of age.) Included among those persons providing testimony were representatives of the following agencies and organizations: the American Legion, the National Conference of Black Mayors, the Department of Labor, Boys' Clubs of America, Ser-Jobs for Progress, the American Farm Bureau, the AFL-CIO, the National Alliance of Business, and the National Grocers Association. The report also includes two newspaper articles and three charts deaing with the effects of fluctuations in the minimum wage on rates of employment and with the projected effects of a subminimum wage. (MN)

This document contains four Congressional hearings to review proposed legislation to revise certain youth employment provisions of Title II of the Job Training Partnership Act. This series of hearings looks into the whole question of how to improve the Federal Government's efforts to educate, train, and improve employment opportunities for the Nation's disadvantaged youth and young adults. Testimony includes statements, prepared statements, articles, publications, communications, and questions and answers from U.S. Senators and individuals representing the Children's Defense Fund; Youth Action Program of the East Harlem Block Schools; U.S. Department of Labor, Office of Strategic Planning and Policy Development; U.S. Conference of Mayors; Indiana Partners in Education; Private Initiatives in Public Schools; Center for Human Resources; Harvard University; National Alliance of Business; National Commission for Employment Policy; Chicago Area Project; Mayor's Office of Employment and Training, Chicago; New York City Department of Employment; Oyster Bay Consortium Service Delivery Area; National Conference of State Legislatures; and National Association of Counties. (YLB)

This document contains testimony from a congressional hearing on a bill to create the American Conservation Corps. Its focus is the need for this direct federal program for young people that would combine both full-time employment and an opportunity for education and on-the-job training. Testimony includes statements, prepared statements, letters, and supplemental materials from U.S. representatives and senators and from individuals representing Public/Private Ventures, Inc.; National Association of Service and Conservation Corps; Wisconsin Conservation Corps; Shell Oil Corp.; Texas Conservation Corps; National Recreation and Park Association; Human Environment Centers; East Bay Conservation Corps., Oakland, California; National Congress of American Indians; and the National Youth Leadership Council. (YLB)

This document reports on a congressional hearing on increasing the minimum wage. It presents both the administration's and the House of Representatives' positions on this issue. Testimony includes statements and prepared statements of the Secretary of Labor and a representative of the Coalition of Automotive Associations. Committee member comments are also included. (YLB)

These are four congressional hearings on youth unemployment with particular reference to the Youth Incentive Employment Act, H.R. 5017, which would establish a program to provide part-time school year and full-time summer employment to economically disadvantaged youth pursuing further education or training. Another focus of the hearings was H.R. 5814, the Income and Jobs Act, which would complement other existing initiatives by providing jobs and promoting a sustainable recovery. Texts of both bills are provided. Testimony includes statements from representatives in Congress and individuals representing the League of United Latin American Citizens; New Horizons Project, Richmond, Virginia; Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation, New York; Chicago Urban League; Jobs for Youth, New York; Opportunities Industrialization Chapters; Rose Parks Group House, Washington, D.C.; Illinois United Auto Workers Union; Brandeis University; Ohio State University, Center for Human Resource Research; Interface; Vocational Foundation of New York; Center for Youth Services, Washington, D.C.; AFL-CIO; South Chicago Unemployed Action Center; National Youth Employment Coalition; Neighborhood Progress Administration, Baltimore, Maryland; Association of Workers Rights; Henry Street Settlement House, New York; Roosevelt Youth Project; and Center for Labor Market Studies, Northeastern University. Other contents are prepared statements, letters, and supplemental materials from individuals representing various other organizations and groups. (YLB)

Based on findings of the most current and highly regarded evaluations and research reviews available, this committee print provides an update of a prior committee report (August, 1985) on eight cost-effective federal programs for children. Described in terms of program participation, characteristics, benefits for children, cost effectiveness, and empirical findings are: (1) the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children; (2) prenatal care; (3) Medicaid; (4) childhood immunization; (5) preschool education; (6) compensatory education; (7) education for all handicapped children; and (8) youth employment and training. Charts of program participation provide data for comparisons during a 4- or 5-year period. An annotation is provided for each cited study. Introductory material highlights program effects in terms of benefits for children, cost benefits, and program participation. (RH)

This hearing was held to review the Labor Department's proposed closing of six Job Corps centers and elimination of 1,200 training slots to meet Gramm-Rudman-Hallings budget cuts. The proposed cuts will prevent 2,500 youths from participating in Job Corps training. The program, designed for disadvantaged youth and in existence for 20 years, has been successful in providing job training, remedial education skills and job placement. It is cost efficient, returning $1.38 for every $1 expended for trainees. In addition, the Labor Department estimates it would save $4.1 million in closing costs by not closing the centers. Statements of 18 witnesses are included. Though most witnesses supported retention of the Job Corps centers, questions about the following also arose: 1) capacity of centers; 2) funding; 3) management; 4) distribution of openings; 5) center ratings; 6) comparison of Job Corps programs and programs of Civilian Conservation Centers; 7) close out costs; 8) construction and renovation needs and costs; and 9) female participation. The report includes information on program effectiveness and probable results of slot reductions. (PS)

The amendments to the Job Training Partnership Act refine the existing statute without disrupting basic program operations. The major provisions make adjustments in the following areas: (1) definition of economically disadvantaged; (2) designation of service delivery area; (3) the Literacy and Dropout Prevention Program; (4) protection for the states against funding changes based on yearly fluctuations in the employment rate; (5) summer youth remediation; (6) use of six percent funds for technical assistance and post-program data collection; (7) dates of summer youth programs; (8) prohibition of matching on discretionary Title III grants; (9) identification of dislocated workers especially farmers; (10) taxation of Job Corps operations; and (11) labor market information. (LHW)

This booklet gives general information on the provisions of the Labor Law and other laws governing the employment of minors in New York state. The legal provisions discussed in summary form in the booklet are contained in several different federal and state laws. The document describes provisions governing school attendance, minimum working age, the issuance of employment certificates and permits, special and prohibited occupations, hours of work, safety and health, minimum wages, equal pay, payment of wages, benefits, workers' compensation, unemployment insurance, state job service, school to employment program, apprenticeship, and employment discrimination. A list of state administrative agencies dealing with these laws completes the booklet. (KC)

This document reports the oral testimony and prepared statements of persons who testified about proposed amendments to the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) during three hearings in March 1989. The proposed legislation would divide youth and adult services under JTPA, move some services from one segment to another, and increase funding for both adult and youth components. The hearing report includes an introductory statement by Senator Paul Simon, chairman of the subcommittee; text of the legislation (S. 543) as introduced; and a summary and section-by-section analysis of the bill. Persons who testified included representatives of the United States Conference of Mayors, National Association of Counties, and National Governors' Association, as well as representatives of the National Association of Private Industry Councils and city and county employment officials of Los Angeles. Testimony centered on success stories of JTPA, areas that need improvement, the tendency to "cream" in JTPA programs to make results look good, and the need for additional funding. (KC)

This testimony of the President of Public/Private Ventures (PPV) in Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) is on the subject of designing effective youth services programs, particularly in light of the PPV's experience with its program, Summer Training and Education Program (STEP). Following a description of the background for this and similar programs, the STEP's format and purpose, to deter early school-leaving, are described. The program's results are presented briefly, and a series of lessons culled from the STEP experience is presented. The first set of lessons include the following: (1) improvements in the reading, mathematics, and life skills of young adolescents can be accomplished in a short time; (2) innovative programs can be replicated with consistent practices and results across large numbers of varying locations; (3) accomplishment require a business-like approach to investments in innovation development; and (4) short-term programs are unlikely to produce long-lasting impacts by themselves. A set of broader lessons is also discussed including the following: (1) the search for quick fixes must be abandoned; (2) long-term results require short-term programs and larger institutional changes; (3) investing in changes requires a business-like approach; and (4) the best roles and responsibilities for Federal, state, local, and private sector actors must be found. (JB)