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The policies and performance of the post-Mao Chinese government (1976 to the present) in the four modernization areas of industry, agriculture, science and technology, and the military are examined. Realizing that the program to modernize the economy of the People's Republic of China, which was initiated by Mao's successors in 1977, was much too ambitious, the current Chinese leadership is in the process of adjusting, reorienting, and retrenching the four modernizations into something more pragmatic, realistic, and attainable. Included among the topics are: economic growth; major developments in the Chinese economy since Mao's death; how the Chinese transportation network has been expanded to meet economic needs; population growth and control; the different economic and social roles of the urban and rural labor forces; why Chinese modernization has not entailed urbanization; how key industries are adjusting to meet the needs of modernizing China; plans for reforming industry; rural industrialization; agricultural productivity; science and elitism; Chinese attitudes towards technology transfer; whether or not military modernization has remained in its position as last in priority; and resource allocation for the military. (RM)

The politics and performance of the post-Mao Chinese government (1976 to the present) in the areas of foreign economic relations and Sino-American normalization are examined. Realizing that the four modernizations program for bringing up to date agriculture, industry, science and technology, and defense, initiated by Mao's successors in 1977, was too ambitious, China's current leadership is in the process of adjusting, reorienting, and retrenching the program into something more pragmatic, realistic, and attainable. Included among the topics discussed in this publication are: China's international trade and finance; China's capital construction and the prospects for foreign participation; China's hard currency export potential and import capacity through 1985; Sino-Japanese economic relations; China's grain imports; Chinese general agreement on tariff and trade; normalization of U.S. commercial relations with China; recent developments in China's trade practices; emerging functions of formal legal institutions in China's modernization; recent developments in China's treatment of intellectual property; U.S. firms in China trade; overcoming hindrances and impediments in U.S.-Chinese commercial negotiations; and the U.S.-China Joint Economic Committee. (RM)

This document records testimony from a hearing before the Subcommittee on Higher Education and Workforce Development of the Committee on Education and the Workforce exposing the dangers of the influence of foreign adversaries on college campuses. Opening statements were provided by: (1) Honorable Burgess Owens, Chairman, Subcommittee on Higher Education and Workforce Development; and (2) Honorable Frederica Wilson, Ranking Member, Subcommittee on Higher Education and Workforce Development. Witness statements were provided by: (1) Paul R. Moore, Senior Counsel, Defense of Freedom Institute; (2) John C. Yang, President and Executive Director, Asian Americans Advancing Justice--AAJC; and (3) Craig Singleton, China Program Deputy Director and Senior Fellow, Foundation for Defense of Democracies. Additional submissions include: (1) Honorable Mark Takano, a Representative in Congress from the State of California: Article dated April 15, 2020, from Politico; and (2) Honorable Pramila Jayapal, a Representative in Congress from the State of Washington: Article dated January 18, 2023 from The Daily Pennsylvanian.