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Palaeo Down Under3 (PDU3), the now quadrennial conference of the Australasian Palaeontologists(AAP) association, was held in Perth, Western Australia, from the 10th–14th of July 2023. PDU3 showcased innovative research, outreach and education initiatives being conducted across Australasia and beyond by both local and international scientists. A total of 78 talks, 17 posters and 6 plenaries were presented across the five days, and covered a wide range of topics, geological timeframes, and fossil groups. AAP is proud to publish this compilation of PDU3 abstracts to illustrate the current and ongoing strength of Australasian palaeontology.Sarah K. Martin [Sarah.Martin@dmirs.wa.gov.au], Geological Survey of Western Australia, Department of Energy, Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety, 100 Plain St, East Perth, Western Australia 6004, Australia; Michael Archer [m.archer@unsw.edu.au], School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia; Heidi J. Allen [Heidi.allen@dmirs.wa.gov.au], Geological Survey of Western Australia, Department of Energy, Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety, 100 Plain St, East Perth, Western Australia 6004, Australia; Daniel D. Badea [badeadaniel.i13@gmail.com], Faculty of Geography and Geology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Bulevard “Carol I”, Nr.11, 707006, Iași, Romania; Eleanor Beidatsch [ebeidats@myune.edu.au], Palaeoscience Research Centre, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia; Marissa J. Betts [mbetts7@une.edu.au], Palaeoscience Research Centre/LLUNE, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia; Maria Blake [maria.blake@monash.edu], School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, 9 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Phillip C. Boan [pboan001@ucr.edu], University of California, Riverside, Geology 1242, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A.; Tory Botha [tory.botha@adelaide.edu.au], School of Biological Sciences, Molecular Life Sciences Building, North Terrace Campus, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia; Glenn A. Brock [glenn.brock@mq.edu.au], School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia; Luke Brosnan [Luke.Brosnan@postgrad.curtin.edu.au], WA Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre, The Institute for Geoscience Research, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Building 500, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia; Jack Castle-Jones [jack.jones1@students.mq.edu.au], School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia; Jonathan Cramb [jonathan.cramb@qm.qld.gov.au], Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane BC, Queensland 4101, Australia; Vanesa L. De Pietri [vanesa.depietri@canterbury.ac.nz], School of Earth and Environment, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; Sherri Donaldson [sherri.donaldson.oz@gmail.com], School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, The King’s Buildings, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FE, Scotland, U.K.; Elizabeth M. Dowding [dowdingem@gmail.com], Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstraße 28 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Ruairidh Duncan [ruairidh.duncan@monash.edu], Evans EvoMorph Lab, Room 226, 18 Innovation Walk, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Amy L. Elson [amy.elson@curtin.edu.au], WA Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre, The Institute for Geoscience Research, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Building 500, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia; Roy M. Farman [r.farman@unsw.edu.au], School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia; Mahala A. Fergusen [mahala.fergusen@adelaide.edu.au], School of Biological Sciences, Benham Building, North Terrace Campus, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia; Alyssa Fjeld [alyssa.fjeld@monash.edu], School of Biological Sciences, 18 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, and School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia; David Flannery [david.flannery@qut.edu.au], School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia; Timothy G. Frauenfelder [timothy.frauenfelder@gmail.com], University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia; John D. Gorter [johngorter1@gmail.com], PO Box 711, Claremont, Western Australia 6910, Australia; Michelle Gray [m.gray@research.deakin.edu.au], School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia; Nigel Gray [nlg2225@gmail.com], GPO Box 2902, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia; Peter Haines [peter.haines@dmirs.wa.gov.au], Geological Survey of Western Australia, Department of Energy, Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety, 100 Plain St, East Perth, Western Australia 6004, Australia; Lachlan J. Hart [lachlan.hart@australian.museum], Australian Museum Research Institute, 1 William Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia; Brooke E. Holland [b.holland@uq.net.au], School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; James D. Holmes [jamesholmes83@gmail.com], Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, Uppsala 752 36, Sweden; Lars Holmer [lars.holmer@pal.uu.se], Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, Uppsala 752 36, Sweden; Ashleigh V.S. Hood [ashleigh.hood@unimelb.edu.au], School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Alexey P. Ippolitov [ippolitov.ap@gmail.com], School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka, 21 Kelburn Parade, Wellington 6012, New Zealand; Christine M. Janis [christine_janis@brown.edu], Bristol Palaeobiology Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, U.K.; Benjamin P. Kear [benjamin.kear@em.uu.se], The Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 16, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; Sophie Kelly [sophie.kelly@pg.canterbury.ac.nz], School of Earth and Environment, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; Justin L. Kitchener [jkitche3@myune.edu.au], School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia; John R. Laurie [john.r.laurie@gmail.com], Geoscience Australia, Symonston, Australian Capital Territory 2601, and School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia; Lucy G. Leahey [lucyleahey@hotmail.com], The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; John A. Long [john.long@flinders.edu.au], College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, PO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia; Daniel Mantle [dan.mantle@mgpalaeo.com.au], MGPalaeo, Unit 1, 5 Arvida Street, Malaga, Western Australia 6090, Australia; David McB. Martin [david.martin@dmirs.wa.gov.au], Geological Survey of Western Australia, Department of Energy, Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety, 100 Plain St, East Perth, Western Australia 6004, Australia; Chris Mays [cmays@ucc.ie], School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, Cork T23 N73K, Ireland; Matthew R. McCurry [matthew.mccurry@austmus.gov.au], Australian Museum, 1 William St, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia; Peter McGoldrick [p.mcgoldrick@utas.edu.au], CODES, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 66, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Corinne L. Mensforth [mens0009@flinders.edu.au], Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia; Rhys D. Meyerkort [meyerkortr@gmail.com], University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Christina Nielsen-Smith [c.nielsensmith@uq.net.au], School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Ryan Nel [ryan2nel@gmail.com], Geology Department, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Jake Newman-Martin [jake.newman-martin@student.curtin.edu.au], Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia; Yeongju Oh [yjoh@kopri.re.kr], Division of Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, 21990 Incheon, Republic of Korea, and Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea; John R. Paterson [jpater20@une.edu.au], Palaeoscience Research Centre, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia; Jacob Pears [J.pears@imperial.ac.uk], School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia; Stephen F. Poropat [steve.poropat@curtin.edu.au], Western Australian Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre, School of Earth and Planetary Science, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, and Australian Age of Dinosaurs Museum of Natural History, Winton, Queensland 4735, Australia; Catherine M. Reid [catherine.reid@canterbury.ac.nz], School of Earth and Environment, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; R. Pamela Reid [preid@rsmas.miami.edu], Department of Marine Geosciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, U.S.A., and Bahamas Marine EcoCentre, Miami, FL 33158, U.S.A.; Stephanie A. Richter Stretton [srichte2@myune.edu.au], Palaeoscience Research Centre, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia; Ben Robertson [ben.t.robertson@adelaide.edu.au], School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Mawson Building Room 107, University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia; Helen E. Ryan [helen.ryan@museum.wa.gov.au], Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Western Australian Museum, 49 Kew Street, Welshpool, Western Australia 6106, Australia; Steven W. Salisbury [s.salisbury@uq.edu.au], School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Donna Satterthwait [Donna.Satterthwait@utas.edu.au], CODES, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 66, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Natalie I. Schroeder [Natalie.Schroeder@ga.gov.au], Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia; Yogmaya Shukla [yogmayashukla@bsip.res.in; yogmayashukla@gmail.com], Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow-226007, India; Miriam Slodownik [miriam.slodownik@adelaide.edu.au], School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia 5005, Australia; Patrick M. Smith [Patrick.Smith@austmus.gov.au], Australian Museum, 1 William St, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia; Nile P. Stephenson [nps36@cam.ac.uk], Department of Zoology, Downing Pl, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, U.K.; Rachel L. Surprenant [rsurp001@ucr.edu], University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A.; Kailah M. Thorn [Kailah.thorn@museum.wa.gov.au], Department of Terrestrial Vertebrates, Western Australia Museum, 49 Kew Street, Welshpool, Western Australia 6101, Australia; Kenny J. Travouillon [kenny.travouillon@museum.wa.gov.au], Western Australian Museum, 49 Kew Street, Welshpool, Western Australia 6101, Australia; Kate M. Trinajstic [K.Trinajstic@curtin.edu.au], School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia; Madison Tripp [madison.tripp@postgrad.curtin.edu.au], Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre, School of Earth and Planetary Science, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia; Vikram Vakil [vikram.vakil@uqconnect.edu.au], School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Elizabeth A. Weldon [l.weldon@deakin.edu.au], School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia; Joshua White [Joshua.white@anu.edu.au], Research School of Physics, Department of Materials Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, and Australian Museum Research Institute, 1 William Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia; Robbert J. Willink [robblink@ozemail.com.au], 11 Coral Sea Court, Sunshine Beach, Queensland 4567, Australia; Gemma L. Wise [g.wise@uq.net.au], School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Christina R. Woltz [cwoltz@stanford.edu], Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Stanford University, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305-2115, U.S.A; George Young [george.young@pg.canterbury.ac.nz], School of Earth and Environment, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand; Zhiliang Zhang[zhiliang.zhang@nigpas.ac.cn], Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People’s Republic of China; Yong Yi Zhen [yong-yi.zhen@regional.nsw.gov.au], Geological Survey of New South Wales, 947–953 Londonderry Road, Londonderry, New South Wales 2753, Australia; Tim Ziegler [tziegler@museum.vic.gov.au], Museums Victoria Research Institute, GPO Box 666, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.

As of September 2023, thirty-seven states and Washington, D.C., had adopted the option in the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 to extend pregnancy Medicaid eligibility to one year postpartum. To inform state initiatives to support this newly covered population, we conducted a representative survey of postpartum people in six states and New York City from January 2021 to March 2022. Compared with respondents who had commercial insurance at the time of childbirth, Medicaid respondents were less likely to have a usual source of care and reported less use of primary, specialty, and dental care in the postpartum year. Depression symptoms and social concerns such as food insecurity, intimate partner violence, and financial strain were significantly higher in the Medicaid population. Rates of anxiety symptoms, delaying or not getting needed care, and unsatisfactory child care were similar in both populations. Our findings suggest that postpartum Medicaid extensions should be coupled with state initiatives to address beneficiaries’ health and social needs. National investments in data collection on postpartum people will be critical to support evidence-based policy making to improve maternal health and well-being.

Objective. To evaluate the effect of Medicaid coverage on dental care outcomes, a major health concern for low-income populations. Data Sources. Primary and secondary data on health care use and outcomes for participants in Oregon's 2008 Medicaid lottery. Study Design. We used the lottery's random selection to gauge the causal effects of Medicaid on dental care needs, medication, and emergency department visits for dental care. Data Collection. Data were collected for lottery participants over 2 years, including mail surveys (N = 23,777) and in-person questionnaires (N= 12,229). Emergency department (ED) records were matched to lottery participants in Portland (N= 24,646). Principal Findings. Medicaid coverage significantly reduced the share of respondents who reported needing dental care (-9.8 percentage points, p < .001) or having unmet dental care needs (-13.5 percentage points, p < 0.001). Medicaid doubled the share visiting the ED for dental care (+2.6 percentage points, p = .003) and the use of anti-infective medications often prescribed for dental care, but it had no detectable effect on uncovered dental care or out-of-pocket spending. Conclusions. Expansion of Medicaid covering emergency dental care substantially reduced unmet need for dental care, increasing ED dental visits and medication use, while not changing patient use of uncovered dental services. Key Words. Medicaid, dental health, Dental care is an important component of health spending and of overall health and well-being. The United States spent an estimated $117.5 billion on dental services in 2015, with a [...]