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Avoiding financial losses requires preventing catastrophic oil‐filled power transformer breakdowns. Continuous online transformer monitoring is needed. The authors use paper insulation to evaluate transformer health for continuous online transformer monitoring. The study suggests a new artificial intelligence method for estimating paper insulation residual life in oil‐immersed power transformers. The four artificial intelligence models use backpropagation‐based neural networks to predict paper insulation lifespan. Four primary transformer insulating paper failure indices—degree of polymerisation, 2‐furfuraldehyde, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide—form the basis of these models. Each model, including the backpropagation‐based neural networks, estimates paper insulation life using one failure index, along with moisture and temperature data. Optimisation techniques enhance hidden layer neurons and epoch count for improved performance. Results are validated against literature‐based life models, establishing a precise input–output correlation. This method accurately predicts the remaining useable life of power transformer paper insulation, enabling utilities to take proactive measures for safe and efficient transformer operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the cutting performance of the straight edge hob and reduce the cutting power consumption model of the straight edge hob, this paper takes the cutting power of the straight edge hob as the minimum goal, and establishes the mathematical model of the optimization design of the straight edge hob based on the composite optimization method. The mathematical model is solved by MATLAB software. At the same time,the mowing characteristics of a roller blade were studied by investigating the relationship between the hob and the coordination of variables such as rotational speed and roller diameter with the mowing parameters. The parameter analysis of straight edge hob before and after structural parameter optimization is generated, and a design method is proposed based on this. After defining the objective function and constraint conditions, the influence of structural parameters on the power consumption and efficiency of the hob was determined by optimising the complex method; this could significantly adjust the hob parameters to lower its power consumption. The energy consumption of the optimized design is reduced by 11.1 % compared with the original scheme, and the optimization effect is remarkable. The results show that the best working parameters of the hob are cutting speed of 1000 r/min, sliding cutting angle and grinding edge angle of 25~30°. Moreover, practical tests demonstrated the feasibility of using the proposed method to design the straight edge hob to improve mowing performance and hob stability. This study can provide parameter foundation and an optimization method for lowering chopping power consumption of the roller mower blade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines a two-stage two-dimensional cutting stock problem encountered by a paper mill company. The problem includes various machine-related and operational constraints based on real-world situations. Paper products are manufactured using two major cutting processes. Each cutting machine has a specific minimum and maximum width for input and output rolls and is limited by the maximum number of rolls it can cut at the same time. A mathematical model is presented to formally address the problem and an efficient multiple-choice knapsack-based heuristic algorithm is proposed to solve the problem. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed heuristic algorithm, computational experiments are conducted on test data-set generated from real-world data provided by a large paper mill company in the Republic of Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Paper dust is a kind of cellulosic waste that is generated by converting operations in paper mills. It was derived to a low-grade cellulose acetate in this study. Papers made from recycled fiber were then impregnated with the resultant cellulose acetate. Effects of impregnation conditions on the paper properties were statistically investigated by employing central composite design (CCD) based response surface methodology (RSM). Four response variables, namely density, burst index, smoothness, and rate of surface wettability were analyzed. Polynomial estimation model of each response was developed as functions of three independent variables, which are pressing temperature (T), dipping time (D), and concentration of cellulose acetate (C). The paper which was impregnated based on the calculated optimum condition (T: 163 °C, D: 2.8 minutes, and C: 2.7 percent), possessed a density of 0.5450 g/cm³, rate of surface wettability of 0.012°/s, burst index of 2.84 kPa m²/g, and paper smoothness of 475 mL/min. There was no significant difference between the experimental values and the predicted values calculated from estimation models. The cellulose acetate impregnated Braille papers made from recycled fibre was found to have better properties than those of commercial Braille paper in terms of rate of surface wettability and burst index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Web development frameworks help in streamlining and speedy-tracking the system of constructing web packages. There is an array of frameworks which makes it hard for developers to decide the nice option to use in their tasks. This survey paper is extensive and a comparative internet development framework, thinking about the primary additives, strengths and weaknesses of every utility. This paper involves stringent assessment technique for performance measurement metrics inclusive of reaction time, scalability, and memory. Optimization of techniques and the issues on protection for each framework also are taken into consideration. To wrap up, this paper offers steering to be able to help the readers to choose the most appropriate framework depending on their task needs. The data offered on this survey are supposed to guide developers as well as decision makers towards making quality decisions that culminate in appropriate utility on websites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering only environmental impact or only profit is not enough to manage chemical processes. This study focuses on the optimal scheduling of cutting papers using the multiobjective optimisation programming. Two independent objective functions are introduced in this paper, the production cost and trim loss with the constraints of satisfying the customer orders. The Goal Constrained Programming (GCP) algorithm is created for the multiobjective optimisation with priority. The proposed algorithm takes the deviation for the weighting factor. The GCP provides various optimal schedule sets satisfying the economic and environmental requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an overview of pulp and paper mills (PPM) production processes, the resulting release of wastewater effluent loaded with wide range of pollutants and associated environmental impacts. The review highlighted the different types of functional materials and their modified forms employed as coagulants for pulp and paper mills industries effluent (PPME) treatment that have been intensively studied as a promising strategy for PPM to achieve cleaner and sustainable treatments in accordance with sustainable development goals (SDGs) "6-Clean water and sanitation", "9-Industry, innovation, and infrastructure", and "12-Responsible consumption and production". Standalone coagulation treatment processes are inherently ineffective towards meeting the increasingly stringent discharge requirements, coupled with their higher energy demand, and increased operational and maintenance costs. Owing to the recalcitrant nature of PPME contaminants, this review explored the effectiveness of the coagulation processes for decontamination of PPME. Furthermore, the review provides a state-of-the-art coagulation-based hybrid systems employed for enhanced PPME treatment. The process limitations, influencing factors and optimization techniques are highlighted. The review also highlights how sustained research in the subject area impacts on achieving cleaner production. The review also discusses coagulant classifications and the synergistic, antagonistic and shock load toxic effects of hybrid coagulants on toxicant biodegradation and their associated system efficiency. Moreover, it offers a guide for the development and application of sustainable hybrid-based coagulants for PPME treatment. The findings presented herein provide a vital theoretical foundation for sustainable solutions to improve coagulation-based hybrid systems efficiency and their scale-up towards potential commercialization. [Display omitted] • Pulp and paper mills produce effluents containing diverse and emerging contaminants. • Different materials and their modified forms are used as coagulants for PPME treatment. • The synergistic and shock load toxic effects of hybrid-based coagulants could be identified. • Hybrid systems are highly efficient techniques for PPME treatment. • The review highlights process weaknesses, influencing factors and optimization techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A paper cup forming machine can produce a maximum of about 140 paper cups a minute. If the rate of production is increased to improve productivity, the contact force in the barrel cam increases, producing more vibration. Therefore, a method for reduction of cam vibration is needed. The profile of the barrel cam is optimized by using a multibody dynamics model. The objective of the optimization is to minimize the contact force that occurs between the rollers and the barrel cam. An experiment is carried out using the optimized barrel cam. The reduction of vibration at higher rates of production than the current rates validated the optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, we address some computational challenges arising in complex simulation-based design optimization problems. High computational cost, black-box formulation and stochasticity are some of the challenges related to optimization of design problems involving the simulation of complex mathematical models. Solving becomes even more challenging in case of multiple conflicting objectives that must be optimized simultaneously. In such cases, application of multiobjective optimization methods is necessary in order to gain an understanding of which design offers the best possible trade-off. We apply a three-stage solution process to meet the challenges mentioned above. As our case study, we consider the integrated design and control problem in paper mill design where the aim is to decrease the investment cost and enhance the quality of paper on the design level and, at the same time, guarantee the smooth performance of the production system on the operational level. In the first stage of the three-stage solution process, a set of solutions involving different trade-offs is generated with a method suited for computationally expensive multiobjective optimization problems using parallel computing. Then, based on the generated solutions an approximation method is applied to create a computationally inexpensive surrogate problem for the design problem and the surrogate problem is solved in the second stage with an interactive multiobjective optimization method. This stage involves a decision maker and her/his preferences to find the most preferred solution to the surrogate problem. In the third stage, the solution best corresponding that of stage two is found for the original problem. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The systematic, transparent and accurate on-line energy information of the production process is quite the basis of mill energy management and conservation. An Energy Management System (EMS) was built according to the characteristics of the energy usage in a typical newsprint paper mill. The EMS first realized the process data acquisition and integration, second fulfilled the on-line energy information calculation from the integrated data. A water and steam properties query component based on IAPWS-IF97 was developed and plugged into the EMS to facilitate the energy calculation of water and steam. The practical performance in the paper mill showed that the integrated energy information of the whole mill was gained and the on-line energy supervisory was achieved. In the end a systematic, transparent and accurate energy usage profile is obtained and it would provide the valuable fundamental energy data for the further energy analysis and optimization in the EMS. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The document is a special issue of the Mathematics journal focusing on "Optimization Algorithms: Theory and Applications." It includes 10 selected papers from 9 countries covering topics such as arithmetic optimization, semi-parametric regression, flow shop scheduling, unconstrained optimization, metaheuristic techniques, many-objective optimization, and more. The papers present innovative algorithms and approaches that outperform existing methods in various optimization problems, showcasing the diverse research fields within the optimization area. [Extracted from the article]

The aim of this article is to develop an experiment and a procedure to investigate the restoration of water-damaged paper and archival materials using freeze drying in order to allow a reproducible test and comparison of the influence of different operating conditions on drying time and restored paper quality. Firstly, a reproducible method for the preparation of soaked samples simulating water-damaged paper has been developed. Then, the samples have been freeze-dried in a laboratory-scale apparatus that allowed monitoring the temperature as well as the weight of the samples. The technique of evaporative freezing, which reduces the drying time required, has been used in this case. An innovative procedure for the visualization of the progress of the drying process has been validated, thus allowing the validation of a simple phenomenological model of the time evolution of the ice core volume; in addition, data on the residual moisture of the dried paper sheets in different zones have been given. Finally, optimization of this particular drying process by using simple or more sophisticated approaches has been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are usually many sources for the supply of raw material to a pulp or paper mill in Sweden. Optimization of this supply is therefore a challenging task, and can only be managed properly if all aspects of risk are considered. In our study, these risks are related to when the weather reduces the load-bearing capacity of the ground or the roads. A stochastic and a deterministic model have been formulated, and they have been solved with mixed-integer quadratic programming and tested with data from a Swedish forest company. The results of this study show that the option value is greater than zero and that both the optimal policy and the option value change whenever the storage cost is altered. This shows that the optimal planning policy obtained from the stochastic model differs from the solution of the deterministic model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: While being integrated together conceptually and practically, the literature on game theory in the context of financial markets lacks a cohesive understanding. This study aims to systematically scrutinize and analyse the literature of game theory in the context of financial markets, through a systematic literature review. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic literature-based approach, through the theories, context, characteristics and methodology (TCCM) framework has been applied to 97 articles, extracted and filtered from two databases, Scopus and Web of Science, for a comprehensive review and understanding of the intellectual development in the domain of game theory and financial markets. Findings: The review highlighted the most utilitarian theories within the literature, the context of research in terms of countries and industries, four themes which characterize the literature, as well as the methodologies and research designs used in this research domain. The paper also uncovered certain essential areas that present scope for further research. Research limitations/implications: While two of the largest indexation databases have been used, some relevant articles may have been excluded due to the restriction of databases and screening criteria, which may lead to the less exploration of several facets of the domain. Practical implications: Practically, the paper has implications for multiple stakeholders including traders, businesses and governments. For traders, this paper acts as a guide to entering and understanding the dynamics of financial markets. The review also covers decision-making from the perspective of firms, including venture capitalists. This paper would allow firms to understand how game theory can help influence or analyze the strategic interactions between their stakeholders in terms of information disclosure, or consumers and their behavior to stimuli from the firm's actions. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first of its kind that attempts to comprehensively provide an overview of the literature on game theory in financial markets. In doing so, this study shall help assess the current state of knowledge in the said field and locate gaps in the literature to propose new research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the result of an experimental study which shows that people do not follow the optimal strategy in practice and suggests two strategies for defeating human opponents in rock-paper-scissors (RPS). The study found that the probability of repeating a game on the next trial is well above one-third, while the strategy of always playing the symbol is assessed to be an effective strategy in defeating the symbol that the other player has previously played. The study also observed that the wins of each competition have increased by 26.4%, while the losses are decreased by 9.51%.

Because of the overly averaged element sensitivity in the topological optimization of an irregular structure with a grid independent filter, a topological optimization model was built for the structural domain. The maximization of stiffness was first taken as the goal for the topological optimization of irregular structure stiffness. Subsequently, an element size filter was proposed to address the overly averaged local element sensitivity with the grid independent filter when the designed domain element size varied dramatically. Finally, the element sensitivity of the objective function was derived under the given constraints. A case study was then conducted on a naval gun mount with the maximization of structural flexibility as the objective function and the volume of structural material as a constraint. A stiffness optimization model based on the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization algorithm was adopted for the topological optimization of the gun mount. Structural optimization was conducted for the gun mount with different shooting angles to realize its optimal stiffness and strength under the constraint of consistent material volume. The optimization results proved that the element independent filter proposed in this paper could be effectively applied in the topological optimization of an irregular structure and used to explore the topological optimization of the supporting structure under impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The numerical algorithm by Cristofari et al. modifies the augmented Lagrangian method ALGENCAN proposed by Andreani and his collaborators by incorporating certain second-order information into the augmented Lagrangian framework. Professor Franco Giannessi, University of Pisa, is an outstanding mathematician whose contributions to optimization theory and its applications and to the world optimization community are difficult to overstate. The paper by Izmailov and Solodov introduces and develops a novel perturbed augmented Lagrangian method framework for constrained optimization problems. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract  In this paper a model-driven decision support system related to paper making is introduced. The intention is to emphasize the necessity of coupling different modeling techniques, multiobjective optimization, and software engineering in order to make the end user application realistic, practical and usable. Firstly the paper making process and selected aspects concerning its mathematical modeling, numerical simulation, and multiobjective optimization are introduced, then the related computerized system, called a virtual paper making line, is described. In addition, the associated decision support system, which provides a suitable level of automation to improve the quality of decision making and support the user’s expertise is discussed. Finally, an example presents different ways of using such a software tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this paper, an efficient computational framework for the full-wave design by optimization of complex microwave passive devices, such as antennas, filters, and multiplexers, is described. The framework consists of a computational engine, a 3D object modeler, and a graphical user interface. The computational engine, which is based on a finite element method with curvilinear higher-order tetrahedral elements, is coupled with built-in or external gradient-based optimization procedures. For speed, a model order reduction technique is used and the gradient computation is achieved by perturbation with geometry deformation, processed on the level of the individual mesh nodes. To maximize performance, the framework is targeted to multicore CPU architectures and its extended version can also use multiple GPUs. To illustrate the accuracy and high efficiency of the framework, we provide examples of simulations of a dielectric resonator antenna and full-wave design by optimization of two diplexers involving tens of unknowns, and show that the design can be completed within the duration of a few simulations using industry-standard FEM solvers. The accuracy of the design is confirmed by measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]