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This article focuses on the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire. There are five key areas which stand out as explanations for the decline and fall of the Turkish empire, besides European intervention: the morbid nature of the Ottoman government and the empire's relative economic decline; the spread of nationalism in the Balkans; the attempts to revive Turkey by the New Ottomans and Young Turks; the German attempts to generate a sphere of influence in the Middle East; and the impact of the Balkan Wars.