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The article focuses on policy papers related to education published in Great Britain in November 2021. Topics discussed include UK-Singapore COP26 Universities Network policy reports which highlight climate change in the Southeast Asian region; Turing Scheme has replaced the Erasmus+ programme in providing funding for participants in universities, colleges, and schools to go on overseas study and Children's Social Care Market Study: Interim report of Competition and Markets Authority (CMA).

Purpose: Carbon dioxide emissions affect the environment, presenting major implications for sustainable development and consequently model climate change policies. The main aim of the paper is to highlight the factors leading to CO2 emissions in Latin America. Design/methodology/approach: The analysis was performed using data for 1990–2020 and panel regression and STATA software. Findings: The results highlighted that the variables have significantly influence CO2 emissions in case of the countries in the sample. Originality/value: The novelty of the paper consists in using all financial inflows of together (foreign direct investment, official development assistance and remittences), Latin America heavily in-flowed with remittances from the USA. Since Latin America is enriched with forest areas, the authors also covered this variable in the estimations. Urbanization and transportation are induced by remittance inflows, thus wellbeing was incorporated in the model. The conclusion of the study demonstrates the need for complex measures involving public-private partnerships, public awareness of the need for energy transition and the involvement of foreign-owned companies that must not only pursue their own interests but also generate positive economic, environmental, and social externalities in host countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on policy papers addressing climate change, school funding levels and recruitment and retention of teachers. Topics discussed include need of reducing poverty through the improvement of education for girls and addressing climate change, overview of school funding and mechanism in England, and Teacher Recruitment and Retention Strategy of the government.

The Ministry of Natural Resources Canada has identified four key priorities for 2024, including creating sustainable jobs and industries, reducing energy bills through home retrofits, preparing for natural disasters, and increasing the availability of electric vehicle chargers. Tree Canada is a non-profit organization focused on planting trees across the country to combat climate change and protect biodiversity. The Forest Stewardship Council works to protect forests by tracking certified fiber and empowering consumers to choose responsibly sourced wood and paper products. Forests Ontario emphasizes the importance of using high-quality, source-identified tree seeds to grow healthy and resilient forests. The text also discusses the benefits of plant-based diets for personal health, the environment, and animal welfare, as well as the potential of plant-based foods to reduce the climate impact of agriculture. It highlights the importance of genetic preservation in conservation efforts and promotes the idea of donating and shopping at thrift stores to reduce clothing waste and support local communities. [Extracted from the article]

During this time, he studied the intimate details of hundreds of grizzly bears, often from their birth to their death decades later, and wrote scores of key scientific papers on little known grizzly behaviour and ecology. This book will occupy a place on the top shelf of wildlife-ecology books. With the giving season upon us, we recommend several terrific books about wildlife and people who spend their lives immersed in the natural world The best nature writing transports its readers into the deep woods, to the bottom of an ocean, onto the wing of a peregrine or into the mind of a grizzly. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the perceived need to accelerate scientific research and technology, particularly in response to the climate emergency and the opportunities presented by artificial intelligence. However, the author raises concerns about the negative consequences of rushing scientific research, such as the erosion of public trust and the potential for flawed or questionable results. The article highlights instances of high-profile scholars retracting or correcting their papers due to issues with data or methods. The author argues that the pressure to produce results quickly may be compromising the quality and integrity of scientific research. The article suggests that good science takes time and emphasizes the importance of prioritizing quality over quantity in research. [Extracted from the article]

The paper aimed to evaluate the impacts of water pricing and quota policies under changing climatic conditions on the major production factors using economic-biophysical modeling. The data were collected by 382 questionnaires focusing on wheat, barley, cotton, alfalfa, and sugar beet crops in the 2017-2018 cropping year in North Khorasan Province, Iran. Climate change scenarios were defined as wet, moderate, and dry scenarios resulting from precipitation changes. The results showed that climate change scenarios reduce the total irrigated area of crops and total water used. Due to the effect of precipitation on crop yield, dry and moderate climate changes reduce the total gross income, while wet climate changes increase it. The scenarios of quota and pricing policies were then applied under climate change scenarios. The amount of water conserved by applying the quota policy was equal to the quota rate, while the impact of the pricing policy varied depending on the type of climate change. The highest amount of water conserved belonged to the conditions of dry climate change in Atrak and Central Desert catchments, which was about 6.8-8.6 and 3.83-14.48%, respectively. As the climate moves toward drought conditions in this province, the implementation of such policies can partially protect water resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the face of the intensifying global climate crisis, the US has failed to implement comprehensive policies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. During the 2000s, the shale oil and gas extraction (i.e., "fracking") revolution highlighted the American energy economy. Is the fracking boom partially to blame for US lagging on climate policy? Political economy theory suggests that economic resources are primary drivers of policy outcomes. In this paper, I originally evaluate that claim in the context of the American states, the governments most powerful to mitigate emissions while the federal government faces gridlock. I first introduce an original measure of one state-level climate policy: adoption of the low-emission vehicle (LEV) policy from 1991 to 2015. I then frame the US fracking boom of the mid-to-late 2000s as a natural experiment, employing a difference-in-difference design to compare the effects of fracking on two climate policies across the American states - LEV and renewable electricity policy. Results yield evidence of a causal impact of the fracking boom on state LEV adoption and more suggestive evidence of an impact on renewable electricity mandates. I conclude by arguing that efforts to evaluate the influence of business on policy should account for "structural power" mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article delves into the functions of the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, showcasing its interdisciplinary research initiatives, policy advocacy, and educational endeavors. It also outlines the breadth of resources offered on its website, spanning from policy papers to informative explainers, and underscores the user-friendly interface designed to cater to a wide audience, including students, researchers, policymakers, and practitioners.

The November/December 2023 issue of Resurgence & Ecologist is praised for its inspiration in the face of the climate and ecological crisis. The return of poetry to the journal is seen as a valuable means of expressing matters of the heart and soul. Concerns are raised about the potential negative impact of the Elephant Poo Paper company if it becomes a popular "green money spinner," as it may contribute to the increased use of paper. The ethical practices of Unilever, a multinational company, are called into question, with accusations of environmental, human rights, and animal rights violations. Satish Kumar's articles on ethics in business and the need for a new human story are commended for their insights into sustainability and the need for a shift in values. The importance of actively cultivating a new narrative of human purpose connected by common good values is emphasized. [Extracted from the article]

Although marine ecosystem is a highly complex phenomenon with many non-linearly interacting species, dissolved oxygen and plankton among these have perhaps the most fundamental relationship not only for the protection of marine environment but also for continuation of life on Earth. This paper deals with a generic diffusive model of dissolved oxygen, phytoplankton and zooplankton species, for which constant time delays are incorporated in growth response of phytoplankton and in the gestation time of zooplankton. We mainly focus on the stability analysis of the coexisting states and the existence of Hopf bifurcation through the characteristic equation, where time delay and oxygen production rate are considered as control parameters for all cases. Studying the effect of both time delays on a stable system, we show destabilisation of the system and irregularity in the spatio-temporal dynamical regimes, leading to chaotic oscillations. Although both delay terms have a destabilising effect, our findings indicate that time delay in zooplankton gestation may induce sharp strongly irregular pattern, whereas time delay in phytoplankton growth gives rise to more regular but higher frequency oscillations for oxygen–plankton interactions. The findings of this paper may provide new insights into main environmental issues including global warming and climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communicating the consequences of climate change and of the necessary mitigation and adaptation actions requires adherence to the knowledge and good practices proposed by the scientific community, the ability to involve students against indifference, humanity and balance to overcome "eco-anxiety". The paper highlights the difficulties of the school in tackling a topic that is not only technical but has significant ethical and political implications. Some inter-disciplinary educational activities are also proposed, which are aimed at encouraging the collaboration of teachers of scientific and humanistic subjects for a more effective treatment of the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable water supply is one of the key issues for water resources management. The future demand for clean water is putting pressure on the Malaysian government to find alternative supplies and best management practices in managing water resources, such as the use of reclaimed water. This paper evaluates the perceptions and acceptance of the use of treated water for non-drinking purposes in Malaysia from the responses of 1,004 participants. The results show that age and level of education play an important role in the level of community acceptance. Females tend to be more selective than males in their acceptance to use reclaimed water. To guarantee that the public receives accurate information about reclaimed water, social media can be used for disseminating information, especially to younger generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A common challenge in science is the human capability to evaluate the real impact of an observation and a data set. This is a complex task due to having only partial information and/or to the complexity of the problem, requiring different fields to be combined. In order to overcome these important limitations, we need to be able to review all the available data and interpretations. This would allow us to evaluate the global distribution of a specific process or phenomenon of interest. The increasing number of scientific publications prevents scientists from being able to keep up with all the available literature especially when scientific papers cross disciplines. These challenges prevent us from evaluating the global impact of a certain process and are particularly relevant today given the impact of our scientific assessment on one of the most pressing issues of our time, which is climate change and its impact on society. We present here an application of artificial intelligence to geosciences: We conduct a systematic analysis of geoscience literature through a hybrid machine-human approach. Such applications are more common in other fields such as biomedicine and are in their infancy in the geosciences because of various difficulties the machines encounter in parsing geologic literature. We describe here some of these limitations and how we overcame them. We then use the following case study as an example to test our approach: We ask whether climate is influenced by volcanism in the geologic past. Our case study results show, as expected, that most analyzed literature in this experiment conclude that volcanism influences climate change in deep time, but there is no complete consensus on this question. Similarly, any question of potential global significance, such as the impact of human activities on climate change, can be posed as an interrogating technique for our vast and fast-growing literature in the field of geosciences. Such an approach has the potential to be applied to a variety of complex problems, hence addressing some of the major limitations with cross-disciplinary research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glaciers respond sensitively to climate variability and change, with associated impacts on meltwater production, sea-level rise and geomorphological hazards. There is a strong societal interest in understanding the current response of all types of glacier systems to climate change and how they will continue to evolve in the context of the whole glacierized landscape. In particular, understanding the current and future behaviour of debris-covered glaciers is a 'hot topic' in glaciological research because of concerns for water resources and glacier-related hazards. The state of these glaciers is closely related to various hazardous geomorphological processes which are relatively poorly understood. Understanding the implications of debris-covered glacier evolution requires a systems approach. This includes the interplay of various factors such as local geomorphology, ice ablation patterns, debris characteristics and glacier lake growth and development. Such a broader, contextualized understanding is prerequisite to identifying and monitoring the geohazards and hydrologic implications associated with changes in the debris-covered glacier system under future climate scenarios. This paper presents a comprehensive review of current knowledge of the debris-covered glacier landsystem. Specifically, we review state-of-the-art field-based and the remote sensing-based methods for monitoring debris-covered glacier characteristics and lakes and their evolution under future climate change. We advocate a holistic process-based framework for assessing hazards associated with moraine-dammed glacio-terminal lakes that are a projected end-member state for many debris-covered glaciers under a warming climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Asia-Pacific region is extremely vulnerable to climate variability and change. This reflects high exposure to hydroclimatic hazards such as tropical cyclones, floods, droughts, and heatwaves. Rapidly growing cities and low-lying coastal zones/estuaries also face threats from sea level rise and storm surges. However, climate model projections remain very uncertain about most of these risks, so water infrastructure and operations need to consider a range of plausible futures. Against this background, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) has been developing frameworks, tools, and capacities in climate risk and adaptation assessment and management. Project teams are often operating in data-scarce situations and under significant time constraints, so the emphasis has been on creating pragmatic guidance and training resources. This paper charts the transition of climate risk management (CRM) within the ADB from a predominantly scenario-led to decision-led approach to adaptation. Examples are given of light-touch procedures for screening climate risks, strengthening the transparency and rigour of scenario analysis, raising awareness of a broad range of adaptation options, streamlining identification of CRM options, and embedding allowances for climate change in detailed engineering designs. Such practical innovations would benefit communities of practice beyond the Asia-Pacific region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against increasing number of unprecedented heavy rains and typhoons reflecting climate change, the Japanese Government decided saving life as the top priority considering a ‘worst-case’ scenario. Accordingly, the Flood Risk Management Act was amended in 2015 to use the anticipated maximum scale precipitation (AMSP) for flood inundation calculation. In order to estimate the AMSP, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) chose historical maximum areal precipitation in the form of duration–area–depth (DAD) curves rather than climate change projections’ dataset d4PDF. In this paper, policy development and detailed estimation procedures for the AMSP were reviewed and discussed. It was concluded that the current climate change projections are still not accurate enough to be used as the basis for real local operations, while long accumulated ground observations and ground-based radars are available in good quality all over Japan. But at the same time, historical maximum should always be updated as past records are renewed. Also, regional partitioning should not be done at too coarse of scale for proper regionalization of DAD. Such strategy would serve as a useful reference for other nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, there is a global deficit in infrastructure and the World Bank Group (WBG) is one of the major sources of financing to reduce this gap worldwide. The WBG has policies and protocols for approving investments taking into consideration financial and economic indicators while ensuring social and environmental safeguards. In recent years, these safeguards have been updated to include the effects of climate change and robustness and resilience to support climate-informed project investment decision-making. A series of tools for screening projects for climate vulnerabilities and identification of risk management options have been developed to help project teams comply with these requirements. One of these tools is the hierarchical four-phased Decision Tree Framework (DTF) that, beyond screening, helps to analyze plans and project vulnerabilities, climate-related or otherwise, using a decision scaling approach, and explore risk management options, if necessary. The four phases of the DTF are (i) project screening, (ii) initial analysis, (iii) stress test, and (iv) climate risk management. This paper reviews applications of the DTF from the climate change screening phase to non-climate uncertainty screening and decision-making for project investments and prioritization. A peek into work in progress for incorporating resilience in the decision-making process, both for projects and through projects, is also provided, as well as next steps, looking forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

04 "Kind Words Can Never Die" Irish Museum of Modern Art DUBLIN Color becomes the new language to address climate change through this museum's courtyard murals created by artist Navine G. Dossos. Structured in 'five parts - Cosmos, Earth, Anthropocene, Tomorrows and Us - the exhibition projects possible scenarios in the next 50 years as a result of climate change and human activities. 01 "Art Spot" Various Locations COLUMBUS, OHIO Red paper cutouts, a hand- embroidered couture gown, walls of flowers or magnolia leaves, lamps made of translucent paper - these are some of the varied, vivid, visual interpretations of climate change issues on display in storefront windows throughout downtown Columbus. [Extracted from the article]

The article offers information on the author's journey toward environmental consciousness and highlights the importance of environmental responsibility in various roles, including as New York State's Inspector General. Topics include the efforts undertaken by the Inspector General's office to transition from a paper-based practice to electronic work, aligning with the Governor's 2022 Executive Order to make government more sustainable and lead by example on climate change.

A paper published by researchers from Chinese universities suggests that global warming is causing changes in the length and onset of the four seasons. Summers are becoming longer and hotter, while winters are becoming shorter and warmer. This trend is expected to continue and may be amplified in the future. The shift in seasonal patterns could have negative impacts on ecosystems, agriculture, and the occurrence of extreme weather events. It is important for humanity to take responsibility and mitigate the effects of climate change to ensure a more stable future. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the environmental changes and challenges caused by climate change and how humans can adapt. Also cited are the sweeping climate change laws announced by U.S. President Joe Biden in April 2021, the 1967 paper by Lynn White Jr. blaming Christian models of dominion for the environmental crisis, and the claims by T. F. Torrance, John Chryssavgis and John Zizioulas on humans' relationship with nature.

Mass extinction is a phenomenon in the history of life on Earth when a considerable number of species go extinct over a relatively short period of time. The magnitude of extinction varies between the events, the most well known are the "Big Five" when more than half of all species went extinct. There were many extinctions with a smaller magnitude too. It is widely believed that the common trigger leading to a mass extinction is a climate change such as a global warming or global cooling. There are, however, many open questions with regard to the effect and potential importance of specific factors and processes. In this paper, we develop a novel mathematical model that takes into account two factors largely overlooked in the mass extinctions literature, namely, (i) the active feedback of some taxa – in particular, vegetation – to the climate through changing the albedo of the Earth's surface and (ii) species' adaptive evolutionary response to a climate change. We show that whether a species goes extinct or not depends on a subtle interplay between the scale of the climate change and the rate of species' evolutionary response. We also show that species' response to a fast climate change can exhibit long transient dynamics (false extinction) when the species population density remain at a low value for a long time before recovering to its safe steady state value. Finally, we show that the distribution of extinction frequencies predicted by our model is generally consistent with the fossil record. • Mass extinction is the extinction of a considerable number of species over a relatively short period of time. • We develop a novel mathematical model that takes into account the active feedback of vegetation to the climate. • The model accounts for species' adaptive evolutionary responses to a climate change. • Species extinction depends on the interplay between the rate of climate change and the rate of its evolutionary response. • The distribution of extinction frequencies predicted by our model is generally consistent with the fossil record. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mass extinction is a phenomenon in the history of life on Earth when a considerable number of species go extinct over a relatively short period of time. The magnitude of extinction varies between the events, the most well known are the "Big Five" when more than half of all species went extinct. There were many extinctions with a smaller magnitude too. It is widely believed that the common trigger leading to a mass extinction is a climate change such as a global warming or global cooling. There are, however, many open questions with regard to the effect and potential importance of specific factors and processes. In this paper, we develop a novel mathematical model that takes into account two factors largely overlooked in the mass extinctions literature, namely, (i) the active feedback of some taxa – in particular, vegetation – to the climate through changing the albedo of the Earth's surface and (ii) species' adaptive evolutionary response to a climate change. We show that whether a species goes extinct or not depends on a subtle interplay between the scale of the climate change and the rate of species' evolutionary response. We also show that species' response to a fast climate change can exhibit long transient dynamics (false extinction) when the species population density remain at a low value for a long time before recovering to its safe steady state value. Finally, we show that the distribution of extinction frequencies predicted by our model is generally consistent with the fossil record. • Mass extinction is the extinction of a considerable number of species over a relatively short period of time. • We develop a novel mathematical model that takes into account the active feedback of vegetation to the climate. • The model accounts for species' adaptive evolutionary responses to a climate change. • Species extinction depends on the interplay between the rate of climate change and the rate of its evolutionary response. • The distribution of extinction frequencies predicted by our model is generally consistent with the fossil record. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel method for analyzing the economic and collaborative interactions among nations in the context of climate change. Specifically, a two-stage game-theoretic model is proposed, where players' initial resources (heterogeneous endowments) are determined by a public goods game (first-stage) and a collective risk dilemma is subsequently played (second-stage). We establish the Nash equilibria for the proposed game model and provide numerical analysis results accordingly. We then explore the dynamics of the game in an evolutionary process, dividing the population into groups of fixed size. Our findings indicate that the scenario with high collective risk and low required donation is most conducive to cooperation, while smaller groups and populations are more likely to exhibit cooperative behavior. Moreover, both numerical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that a higher first-stage profit rate enhances cooperation. Overall, our study sheds light on the factors that facilitate cooperation among multiple heterogeneously endowed participants facing collective risk. We hope that our proposed model and results can contribute to the development of solutions for addressing the challenges posed by global issues such as climate change. • New game-theoretical method models interactions among nations facing global risks. • A two-stage game model considers endogenously generated heterogeneous endowments. • Nash equilibria and evolutionary dynamics of the game are studied. • Factors favoring cooperation are given with theoretical/numerical/simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the participation of students from different universities in regional conferences hosted by the Institute of Industrial and System Engineers, where they shared their ideas about various topics such as industrial engineering techniques, academic program selection, and climate solutions. It mentions that the conferences provided opportunities for students to compete in technical paper competitions, participate in workshops, and network with industry professionals.

The article informs on the International Women and Girls Strategy 2023-2030 Command Paper from the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) which has a focus on educating girls, among other things. It mentions that strategy recognizes that climate change, crises, and conflict disproportionately affect women and girls, and that there is an increase in threats to gender equality.

The article presents comments for Effective European Strategy. Topics include revision of the Emissions Trading System (ETS) will be part of a package of energy and climate laws; achieving sufficient progress to stabilize the climate requires accelerated mitigation action in the short term according to paper published by IMF; and global package of proposals from the European side will have to be completed with the activation of the 100-billion-fund for fair burden sharing.

The knowledge of how the craquelure happens and their pattern on historical objects especially paintings are interested in the field of cultural heritage. In this paper, optimal rectangular patterns are calculated based on current theories for a fully anisotropic model of wood and an anisotropic model of gesso annealing shrinkage. First, the constructal theory is applied which is responsible for the crack growth at the beginning periods of drying the produced painting. As the constructal theory is based on greater access to the drying currents that flow through the crack pattern, the compromise of two mechanisms of diffusion of moisture content and advection drying by fluid flow through the cracks detect the optimal scale of rectangular patterns. A rectangular two-dimensional solid is dried by the diffusion mechanism and advection boundary condition. The resulted shape is found by the intersection of two limits of many cracks (dense crack by high advection) versus a few cracks analytically. Then a parametric study is done to find the optimal distance between blocks of crack islands numerically. Second, the fracture saturation mechanism in long-term climate changes is applied to find the possible rectangular pattern which can appear based on the fact that positive stress should exist in the middle of the crack island to create a new crack. Finally, the strain energy density approach for various fracture strengths is examined to predict the optimal rectangular shape. The numerical results are compared with existing experimental results and previous works demonstrate the capability of the above-mentioned models. The method and results could be generalized for the other types of craquelure patterns and structural conservators. • Various theories are used to find the Optimal rectangular crack pattern. • Constructal theory is applied to find the optimal rectangular crack pattern. • Constructal optimal ratio is a function of the forced flow and the solid shrinking ratio. • Fully anisotropic and 3D model of hygroscopic expansion used to study the fracture saturation. • Energy minimization is used to calculation of Optimal rectangular crack pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on nuclear power development banned by the government of Ireland and mentions introduction of levy on plastic bags by the country. Topics discussed include response of the country in global climate and biodiversity emergency, Christians called by Pope Francis to ecological conversion in 2015, and progress on climate change measured by Ireland.

Floods and droughts and their associated economic, environmental, and social losses or damages are increasing in severity and frequency. Measures taken to reduce these losses or damages stemming from extreme events typically depend on how effective they are in reducing the consequences of having either too much or too little water and for longer periods of time. To identify trade-offs between the annual estimated loss or damage reduction, i.e., the benefits, however measured, and the average annual cost of various damage reduction measures, one can perform risk–cost analyses. Because of climate change, the likelihoods of future hydrologic extremes are both changing and uncertain. Also uncertain are any estimates of future damages that would occur given any specific extreme event. In addition, one cannot be certain of the future costs or benefits of damage reduction measures. This paper outlines a range of practical approaches for identifying these trade-offs, taking into account the uncertainties associated with future damages resulting from any specific flood or drought event, the changing uncertainties of future flood and drought events, and the uncertainty of future damage mitigation costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]