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Low thermal conductivity is the main constraint in heat transmission nowadays. In order to overcome this barrier and to improve the thermal conductivity of different base fluids, some researchers have introduced various types of solid particles also known as nanoparticles to base fluids. In this article, the authors investigated the copper and copper oxide nanoparticles by using water as a base fluid between two parallel plates. Also, the authors emphasized to investigate different shapes (like sphere, cylinder, blade, platelet, and brick) of the copper and copper oxide nanoparticles to present the comparative analysis of heat transfer phenomena. Additionally, the impacts of Brownian motion and thermophoresis over flow of fluid has also considered in this study. For this purpose, the authors used the Buongiorno's model in this work. The equations that governed the flow system have converted to dimensionless form by using suitable variables and then solved by HAM. Convergence analysis of the present model has been shown with the help of Figures. The outcomes show that the volume fraction coefficient of the nanoparticles has dual impact on axial velocity and has declining effect on radial velocity of the nanofluids flow. Also, the thermal profile is increased with the higher volume fraction coefficient. The augmented volumetric fraction has reduced the skin friction coefficient for both Cu and CuO nanofluids, while the boosted magnetic parameter and viscosity coefficient have reduced the skin friction coefficient for both Cu and CuO nanofluids. The percentage decrease between the skin friction coefficients of Cu and CuO nanofluids are 3%, 5%, and 7% for φ = 0.01, φ = 0.02 and φ = 0.03 respectively. The augmented volumetric fraction, Brownian motion, and thermophoresis parameters have enhanced the Nusselt number, whereas the augmented the viscosity coefficient has heightened the Nusselt number. Additionally, the dominant impact is found for Blades-shaped nanoparticles for both Cu and CuO nanofluids. For the blade-shaped nanoparticles when φ = 0.02 and φ = 0.03, there is a 1% increase in heat transfer rate between Cu and CuO nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the flow of Cross fluid across gradually stratified paraboloids of revolution along with Cu-Water nanofluid was valued in relative to Darcy-Forchheimer, MHD, and various fluids properties. Stratification, rectilinear thermal emission, viscous and joule dissipation have all been considered in heat transfer equations, while chemical reaction is investigated in mass transfer equation. This article also looks at Bejan number and entropy creation. Using the proper similarity modification, the main equations of momentum, energy, and concentration are converted to system ODEs. This system of equations are mathematically explained by employing Shooting method scheme (bvp4c). The influence of important aspects of various profiles is revealed and investigated. The impact of velocity profile, temperature, concentration, entropy formation rate, and Bejan number is examined graphically. Tables are employed to display the skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number characteristics for a range of constraints. From graphical outcomes it is deduced that the velocity enhanced when the volume fraction and fluid parameter rise, whereas, for rising magnetic and porosity parameter the velocity profile dropped. The temperature profile declined when the volume fraction and thermal stratification parameter enhanced, whereas, contrasting behavior is observed for magnetic parameter and heat generation parameter. Entropy generation and Bejan number results show contrast. The Skin friction decreases and Nusselt number increases for higher volume fraction values. Sherwood number increases for higher chemical reaction parameter values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significance of the present work is that it is very useful in different fields of bio-engineering and engineering including magnetic drug targeting systems, magnetic hyperthymia, directing of magnetic drugs and etc. This paper explored the mechanical features of the magnetic dipole, activation energy and chemical reaction over the MHD flow of two-dimensional non-Newtonian Williamson Ferro-nanofluid under the stretched surface. The main aim of using the magnetic dipole effect in this problem is to control the momentum and thermal boundary layer thickness with the combining impact of nanofluid. As a result, the current approach is extremely valuable for controlling the thickness of thermal and momentum boundary layers. The thermal radiation and heat source/sink impacts are included in the heat equation for the calculation of heat transmission phenomena. The role of the gyrotactic microorganisms is discussed in the present analysis. The influence of Brownian motion and thermophoresis are also examined. The present mechanical system is formulated in the form of the higher-order PDEs and these nonlinear PDEs are relocated into the nonlinear higher-order ODEs by using the suitable similarity transformations. In the methodology section, for the solution of these highly nonlinear ODEs, the homotopic analysis scheme is employed. The effects of distinct flow parameters on the velocity, temperature, concentration and motile gyrotactic microorganism of the Williamson nanoliquid are scrutinized and discoursed in a graphical form. The following are some key outcomes from this analysis, it is predicted that the speed of the nanoliquid particles is lesser for nanoparticle volume fraction. Also, it is examined that the activation energy boosted the nanofluid concentration. Computation for streamline is performed in the present study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation explores the augmentation in thermal characteristics of the hybrid nanoliquid, which has pretty imperative uses in the industries like coolant of various electrical devices, and heat exchangers, etc. keeping in view these important applications, the three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic flow of partially ionized hybrid nanofluids over a stretching sheet has been considered in this investigation. Two different liquids namely water and kerosene oil is used as base liquids in which the nanoparticles of silver and graphene oxide are mixed to form a hybrid nanofluids. Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux model is used in the flow model. An appropriate set of variables is exploited to convert the modeled equations into dimension-free form. The present problem is simulated with the help of homotopic analysis technique. The outcomes of this analysis show that the rising values of Hall current and ion-slip number are enhanced the primary velocities of the kerosene oil-based and water-based hybrid nanofluids, while the greater Hartmann number has declined the primary and secondary velocities of the hybrid nanofluids. On the other hand, the larger values of Hall current and stretching parameter of the sheet have increased the primary and secondary velocities of the hybrid nanofluids, while the opposite impacts are found for increasing ion-slip number and Hartmann number. The temperature profiles of the hybrid nanofluids are weakened for thermal relaxation time parameter, while increased for higher thermal Biot number. It is found that the water-based hybrid nanofluid is greatly influenced by the embedded parameters as compared to the kerosene oil-based hybrid nanofluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]