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An improved coupling method of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and element bending group (EBG) is developed for modeling the interaction of viscous flows with free surface and flexible structures with free and fixed ends. SPH and EBG are both particle methods which are appealing in modeling problems with free surfaces, moving interfaces and large deformations. SPH is used to model viscous fluid, while EBG is used to model flexible structure. Structure particles are also used as moving boundary for SPH, and the interaction of flexible structure with fluid is therefore modeled through the interaction of structure particles and fluid particles. A fixed-end treatment is introduced for flexible structures. A free surface treatment and a surface tension model are used for free surface flow. The improved SPH–EBG method is applied to simulate problems of dam break flow on flexible structures. The good agreement of presented numerical results with existing experimental and numerical results clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of the SPH and EBG coupling approach in modeling fluid–flexible structure interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel coupling approach of ES-FEM-SPH is developed for solving thermal-fluid-structure interaction (TFSI) problems. • The updated Lagrangian ES-FEM is developed for solving the coupled thermal elastic problems. • The SPH method, after integrating with particle shifting technique and kernel gradient correction, is robust and effective in modeling thermal fluid flows. • The ghost particle coupling algorithm is developed for treating fluid structure conjugate heat transfer. Thermal-fluid-structure interaction (TFSI) problems are significant in science and engineering, and usually pose great challenges for numerical simulations due to the coupled effects of thermal convection, fluid flow and structure deformation. In this paper, a novel coupling approach of smoothed finite element method (ES-FEM) with an improved smoothed particle hydrodynamic (SPH) method is developed for TFSI problems. In the coupling approach, the edge based ES-FEM is used to model solid domain and the Lagrangian SPH is used to model fluid flow. In ES-FEM, the temperature and velocity gradient smoothing technique are applied over the edge-based smoothing domain for thermal structure coupling problems. In SPH, some state-of-art algorithms including kernel gradient correction (KGC) and particle shift technique (PST) are integrated to ensure computational accuracy for simulating thermal fluid flows. A ghost particle coupling algorithm is developed to handle fluid-structure interaction and fluid-structure conjugate heat transfer, and the kinematic condition, dynamics conditions and conservation of energy are satisfied. Four numerical examples are tested to demonstrate the effectiveness of the present coupling approach of ES-FEM-SPH for TFSI problems. Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]