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This paper investigates the unequal effect of Airbnb on the spatial organisation of economic activity in Madrid, Spain. Using establishment-level data from Madrid City Council and consumer-facing information from this short-term rental company, we find that Airbnb reshapes the urban space by encouraging tourist-oriented businesses, defined as businesses where tourists spend more than locals, at the expense of businesses primarily oriented to locals. These findings prove that short-term rentals do displace not only the local population but also resident-oriented businesses. Ultimately, our findings remain solid regardless of how we measure short-term rental activity and are not influenced by the growth of e-commerce or gentrification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low Emission Zones are defined areas within a city where driving restrictions are introduced with the aim to reduce pollution, but they may also unintentionally distort consumer spending decisions. By increasing transportation costs to ban-affected areas, driving restrictions could discourage spending in stores of those areas. This paper empirically evaluates the effects of a driving restriction regulation in Madrid, Spain, known as Madrid Central. First, using a difference-in-differences identification strategy, we find an immediate decrease of 19% in pollution and of 16% in congestion with pollution dropping further once fines were levied. Second, we rely on credit card transaction data to show consumers affected by the regulation reduced their brick-and-mortar spending in the regulated area by 21%. Finally, because affected consumers partially substitute their consumption spending from brick-and-mortar to online shopping, we find suggestive evidence that e-commerce may smooth the impact of changes in transportation costs due to environmental regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A central theme in the literature has been the identification of the factors that drive the creation of entrepreneurial universities. The application of these factors and university institutional commitment become essential to overcome the institutional barriers that may exist. Moreover, some authors have warned that in some university systems, transformation becomes a challenge due to high dependence on the State. In this paper, we have examined whether the dependence of Spanish universities on the State can be interpreted as an inhibitor of the transformation process, as well as the institutional commitment of several universities to become entrepreneurial entities, in a national framework that—considering the literature—would not seem the most optimal to achieve it. We note that the State is not an inhibitor, but not all universities show the same internal commitment. When universities are committed to change, the process is accelerated by the sum of two impulses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article contributes a significant amount of new information about Santiago de Murcia's life, allowing for a fresh appraisal of the significance of his music. It is divided into three sections. The first synthesizes the previous data and conjectures about Murcia and his known sources (a printed book and three manuscripts), taking into consideration the suggestions about an eventual trip to Mexico and his possible links with a family of instrument builders from the court in Madrid. The second outlines, for the first time, a biography based on documentary evidence found in Spanish archives, demonstrating that his parents were Juan de Murcia and Magdalena Hernández, and that he was born in Madrid in 1673 and died there in 1739, which implies, among other things, that he was probably a well-known guitarist when he entered the queen's household in about 1704. Finally, the third part explores the ways in which this new evidence modifies some of our current views and assumptions on Santiago de Murcia's work, pointing out that some of his music had to be written at (or before) the beginning of 18th century and that at least two of the inheritors of his music papers had close contacts with Mexico, which might be related to the preservation of most of his sources there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The skull and cervical anatomy of the sabre-toothed felid Paramachairodus ogygia (Kaup, 1832) is described in this paper, with special attention paid to its functional morphology. Because of the scarcity of fossil remains, the anatomy of this felid has been very poorly known. However, the recently discovered Miocene carnivore trap of Batallones-1, near Madrid, Spain, has yielded almost complete skeletons of this animal, which is now one of the best known machairodontines. Consequently, the machairodont adaptations of this primitive sabre-toothed felid can be assessed for the first time. Some characters, such as the morphology of the mastoid area, reveal an intermediate state between that of felines and machairodontines, while others, such as the flattened upper canines and verticalized mandibular symphysis, show clear machairodont affinities. © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 144, 363−377. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the nineteenth century, epidemic typhus was one of the main public health problems resulting from industrialisation and urbanisation processes in Europe. It became an illness intricately linked to poverty, famine, the labour crisis and residential overcrowding. In Spain, it reached a significant peak in the first decade of the twentieth century, and Madrid was its uncontested epicentre. Between 1903 and 1910, the Spanish capital was hit by two waves of epidemic typhus. Their causes were associated with the fault lines drawn in the city's structure during the previous decades. The origins of both epidemics, the resources deployed to control them and their socio-spatial spread can be linked to the gaps in urban policies in Madrid in comparison with the transformations that the city underwent after the middle of the nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This study aimed to generate updated normative data for commonly used tests in neuropsychological assessment applied to older monolingual Spanish-speaking adults: Verbal fluency tests, the Trail Making Test (TMT), and the Rey–Osterrieth complex figure test (ROCF). Method To obtain normative data, 382 cognitively healthy 60- to 90-year-old Spanish monolingual participants from the Autonomous Community of Madrid (Spain) with 0–22 years education were assessed using an overlapping interval strategy that involved cell and midpoint techniques, and that assessed the influence of age, education, and sex. Results Age and education were associated with the scores in the verbal fluency tests, TMT, and ROCF, whereas sex only significantly affected the TMT results. Age-adjusted scaled scores (SSA) based on percentile ranks were also converted into age–education scaled scores (SSAE) using a linear regression model. In addition, tables with the relevant adjustments for sex are provided for TMT-A and TMT-B. Conclusions Thus, this study provides updated, uniform normative data for widely used neuropsychological tests on older Spanish adults. The normative procedure followed helps to make consistent comparisons when using these neuropsychological tests, which will improve the interpretation of the data obtained when these tools are employed, reducing the risk of misdiagnosing cognitive impairment in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiation dose management systems (DMS) are currently used to help improve radiation protection in medical imaging and interventions. This study presents our experience using a homemade DMS called DOLQA (Dose On-Line for Quality Assurance). Our DMS is connected to 14 X-ray systems in a university hospital linked to the central data repository of a large network of 16 public hospitals in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, with 6.7 million inhabitants. The system allows us to manage individual patient dose data and groups of procedures with the same clinical indications, and compare them with diagnostic reference levels (DRLs). The system can also help to prioritise optimisation actions. This study includes results of imaging examinations from 2020, with 37,601 procedures and 286,471 radiation events included in the radiation dose structured reports (RDSR), for computed tomography (CT), interventional procedures, positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT) and mammography. The benefits of the system include: automatic registration and management of patient doses, creation of dose reports for patients, information on recurrent examinations, high dose alerts, and help to define optimisation actions. The system requires the support of medical physicists and implication of radiologists and radiographers. DMSs must undergo periodic quality controls and audit reports must be drawn up and submitted to the hospital's quality committee. The drawbacks of DMSs include the need for continuous external support (medical physics experts, radiologists, radiographers, technical services of imaging equipment and hospital informatics services) and the need to include data on clinical indication for the imaging procedures. DMS perform automatic management of radiation doses, produces patient dose reports, and registers high dose alerts to suggest optimisation actions. Benefits and limitations are derived from the practical experience in a large university hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the summer courses offered at El Escorial, organized by the Complutense University of Madrid in Madrid, Spain. The 2005 course, Italian music and musicians in 18th-century Spain: Boccherini, Farinelli and Corselli, under the direction of Emilio Casares and Javier Suárez-Pajares, offered a musicological contribution for just the second time in the forum. There were two levels of debate during the course.

A slender folder at the Archivo Histórico Nacional in Madrid contains parts of a story about how John Bale's Illustrium majoris Britanniae scriptorum ... summarium (1548) ended up in sixteenth century Spain. Inquisition documents from 1583 reveal how the book got to Toledo from Lyon and how the Holy Office came to know about it. By briefly telling this story, this short note hopes to pique interest in the documents and to suggest ways in which the archives in which they reside can support further research on censorship and the early-modern book trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the application of self-organizing maps to air-quality data in order to analyze episodes of high pollution in Madrid (Spain's capital city). The goal of this work is to explore the dataset and then compare several scenarios with similar atmospheric conditions (periods of high Nitrogen dioxide concentration): some of them when no actions were taken and some when traffic restrictions were imposed. The levels of main pollutants, recorded at these stations for eleven days at four different times from 2015 to 2018, are analyzed in order to determine the effectiveness of the anti-pollution measures. The visualization of trajectories on the self-organizing map let us clearly see the evolution of pollution levels and consequently evaluate the effectiveness of the taken measures, after and during the protocol activation time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents the new journal "Allergologia et Immunopathologia," published in Madrid, Spain. Editors of the journal; Retail price; Features of the journal.

Manuel López Cepero, dean of Seville Cathedral, is known principally for having assembled one of the largest and best-known collections of paintings in nineteenth-century Spain. However, his activities as a collector cannot be separated from his work as an art dealer and intermediary - roles which have only recently been identified. Documents in his personal archives, mostly hitherto unpublished, offer details of the way in which the painting market functioned in court circles, where Cepero established an extensive network of clients. This network encompassed some of the leading collectors and dealers of the time, including numerous foreigners, as well as trusted colleagues who acted as his correspondents, allowing him to sell some of the finest works from his collection in Madrid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data on imported cases of COVID-19 are scarce. Recorded imported cases in Madrid, Spain represented 0.08% of the total cases from May to December 2020, as reported by the Epidemiology Service of Madrid Autonomous Community. We reflect on the potential role of airports in infection transmission, the current preventive measures to avoid travelling-related infections and discuss if there is a real need to focus on strict airport controls when community transmission is ongoing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents some news and notices related to dermatology. The International Committee of Dermatology met in Madrid, Spain from June 15-17, 1970 to chalk out the plans for the XIV International Congress. As per decision, the congress will be held in Italy from May 22-27, 1972. The programme will consist of 5 main themes, 12 symposia and 25 discussion groups. It also reports that the third winter meeting of the British Association of Dermatology will be held on March 6, 1971 in Birmingham, England.

The article offers information on the 93rd Annual Meeting of the British Association of Dermatologists to be held in Liverpool, England from July 9-11, 2013 and the 12th World Congress of Pediatric Dermatology to be held in Madrid, Spain from September 25-27.

The gender socialisation of migrants’ descendents takes place in social spaces which diverge in relation to gender norms. This often causes intergenerational conflicts within migrant families, especially in the case of mothers (who are responsible for their children’s education) and daughters. These families place a high value on preserving gender ideals, particularly in the case of their daughters, as this is a way of keeping their identity as a community. In contexts of racism, this can be an important strategy. Migrant families and mothers experience tensions which result from inequalities, changes, and loss. Controlling their daughters’ bodies is, in certain situations, a strategy that proves effective to preserve the positive image of the group and to ensure that its moral standards are maintained. Moreover, as Moroccan families are highly transnational, they need their children to preserve their cultural background. Very often, daughters do not accept the gender imperatives of their mothers and families uncritically – their responses are diverse. They put into practice multiple strategies to confront real or potential conflict. Some possibilities for gender transformation can emerge from these dynamics. However, patriarchal power is not easily undermined by migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published in 1746, the Disegni Intagliati di Pitture Antiche comprise ninety engravings reproducing marbles, bronzes and paintings found in the excavations of Herculaneum. Only three copies of this work have survived and seem to have been forgotten until a recent discovery in the Royal Library in Madrid. They were most likely published for the King of Naples, but only a limited number of copies were produced and soon thereafter the project was abandoned in favour of a publication describing the discoveries of Herculaneum by Ottavio Bayardi, librarian of the Royal Library in Naples. By reconstructing the history of the Disegni, this article aims to provide fresh insights into the early excavations at Herculaneum and their political context. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Specialized courts have become a key component of the legal reform packages implemented in civil law countries, particularly, in the area of family law. One argument for this policy is that they are able to reach a decision faster than the regular courts, which are normally congested. We use data from a survey of Spanish family courts in the region of Madrid to test this claim. After controlling for other relevant variables, the econometric results did not provide strong support for specialized courts. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This esay is the first scholarly analysis of the unpublished stories by Pedro Almodóvar, which were deposited in 1975 in Madrid's Biblioteca Nacional. As the earliest surviving works by the director, the stories are of special interest as an illustration of his creative techniques. The essay argues that, in the evidence they provide for a continuity of both theme and technique in Almodóvar over thirty years, these stories suggest the director's career manifests some of the characteristics traditionally attributed to the auteur: consistency, coherence and stylistic unity. This question of auteurism is, however, problematized by the ‘openly gay’ label and queer thematics with which Almodóvar is associated in English-speaking countries, but not in Spain. After giving a general survey of all the texts, the essay addresses two stories in detail which contribute to the argument for Almodóvar as plausible queer auteur. The conclusion argues that in spite of the compulsive repetition of such figures, Almodóvar's juvenilia should not be reduced to psychobiography but rather tend to confirm his mission as a self-conscious creative artist. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses the role of gesture in the rituals carried out by the Nationalist government of Spain under the dictator Francisco Franco following the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939, including in parades, liturgies and public rallies. The Nationalist government of Spain's use of Catholicism, including Holy Week celebrations, to assert control over Spain is discussed. Madrid, Spain's occupation by the Republican forces during the Spanish Civil War is described. The Nationalist government's use of religion to create conformity is also discussed.

Background: Heat wave prevention plans are traditionally implemented according to a temperature limit above which mortality begins to rise. Although these prevention plans are obviously designed to avoid deaths, it is also necessary to establish the impact of extreme temperatures on hospital admissions in order to put hospital alert plans into action for dealing with people affected by heat wave victims. Methods: We used data on daily emergency admissions between May and September, from 1995 to 2000, in the Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón in Madrid. The causes for admission were considered as 'organic' (International Classification of Diseases, ICD-9: 1-799), circulatory (ICD-9: 390-459) and respiratory (ICD-9: 460-519). We stratified them according to the following age groups: all ages, from 0 to 10, 18 to 44, 45 to 64, 65 to 74 and above 75 years. The methodology used was Autorregresive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) modelling, including variables related to atmospheric pollution, seasonality and trends. Results: The results show that the temperature above which hospital admissions soar coincides with the temperature limit above which mortality sharply rises, which, in turn, coincides with percentile 95 of the maximum daily temperature series for summer months. The pattern of hospital admissions is completely different from that of mortality. The rise in hospital admissions due to all causes and age groups is clearly smaller than that detected for mortality. Discussion: These results suggest that people die rapidly from circulatory diseases before they can be admitted to hospital. This datum is vital with regard to implementing prevention plans prior to the arrival of the heat wave, if they are to effectively reduce mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the impact of the Madrid bombings in relation to the Spanish general election, held on March 14, 2004. It was pointed out that the bombings had affected the election results. It acted as a catalysts for change by shining the spotlight in the past episodes. The real lesson of the bombings is the need to amend the 1978 Constitution in the aims to prevent the government to abuse their power.

The Philippine Exposition was held in Madrid in 1887 with the aim of increasing commercial and economic relation between the archipelago and the metropolis, but also with the objective of showing its indigenous population to the Spaniards. In this sense, one of the Exposition sections was devoted to fine arts of the Philippines. Assessment of the artistic quality of works of art exhibited was the subject of very disparate interpretations. For conservative Spanish critics -- and even for some liberals -- the low quality of the woodcarvings was presented as a consequence of the inherent abilities of the Filipinos, and this circumstance was explained exclusively in ethnic terms. However, for some liberal Spanish critics and, above all, for members of the Filipino intellectual elite -- the ilustrados -- the responsibility for this artistic underdevelopment lay with the Spanish colonial system, and more specifically with the Spanish regular clergy, whose educational strategy was basically aimed at the repression of Filipino intellect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A long-term exclusive purchase obligation imposed on a petrol station escapes the prohibition of Article 101(1) TFEU on account of the lack of appreciability of its restrictive effects where (i) the supplier has a market share not exceeding 3% while the combined market share of the three leading suppliers amounts to ~70% and (ii) the term of the contract is not manifestly excessive in comparison with the contracts generally concluded on the relevant market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective was to determine which social and behavioural characteristics of injecting drug users (IDUs) are associated with injecting with syringes obtained from others. During 1990 and 1991, 901 Madrid IDUs were interviewed. Statistical analysis used cross-tabulations and logistic regression techniques. Forty-six per cent of those interviewed had injected in the previous 6 months with syringes previously used by someone else. The multivariate predictors were low level of education, no regular income, age at first injection, frequency of injection, use of cocaine, male-with-male sex and having less knowledge about HIV transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on topics related to dermatology in Great Britain in 2012-2013. A British Skin Foundation (BSF) Small Grant is already available for those whishing to carry out British research on skin disease. The 12th World Congress of Pediatric Dermatology will be held in Madrid, Spain on September 25-27, 2013. Moreover, application for BSF Large Grant such as the BSF Fellowship is already available.

The article offers views from Gonzalo Ulloa, head of the Intellectual Property Department at the law firm Gomez-Acebo & Pombo in Madrid, Spain, concerning the relationships among law, ethics, and religion in the 2st century. He mentions insecurity as one of the biggest obstacles faced by stem cell researchers when it comes to a patent law. He says that the legislation in Spain regarding stem cells permits the use of any technique for obtaining human embryonic stem cells for therapeutic purposes.

The article reports that the 9th World Congress of the International Society for Diseases (ISDE) of the Esophagus took place in Madrid, Spain, from May 27th to May 29th, 2004. It was a very successful meeting, which attracted esophagologists from all over the world. A panel session on training programs in esophagology generated a good exchange of ideas from the many specialties involved. Another major event marking the evolution of ISDE is the shift of the day-to-day business activities to an executive director located in Los Angeles, California.